| KAYAMKHANI | |
|---|---|
| قائم خانی | |
| Jāti | KayamKhani Rajput |
| Religions |  Islam |
| Languages | Sindhi, Rajasthani |
| Country |  Pakistan,  India |
| Region | Sindh, Rajasthan |
| Feudal title | Raja |
| Related groups | KayamKhani Dynasty |
Kayamkhani (also spelled Qayamkhani and occasionally rendered as Kaimkhani) is a Muslim Rajput community of India who were notable for ruling the Fatehpur(Sikar) , Churu , Nagaur , Jhunjhunu region in Rajasthan & Hansi Hissar in Haryana | India from the 1300s to the 1700s. [1] [2]
They are said to be descended from Chauhan Rajputs who converted from Hinduism to Islam in the 13th century during the reign of Firuz Shah Tughlaq. [3] [4] As also stated by the historian Dirk H. A. Kolff that the kayamkhanis have Turkic origins. [5]
They ruled between 1354 and 1731 with Fatehpur, Rajasthan as the capital, Kayamkhani Rajputs ruled in Fatehpur (Sikar) , Jhunjhunu , Churu , Nagaur, Rajasthan & Hansi , Hissar in Haryana | India. [6] [ need quotation to verify ]
View More
The KayamKhani is a community, which derives its origin from the Hindu Rajputs of Chauhan clan who embraced to islam . Jaan Kavi (Neimat Khan) traced the history of Kayam Khan from who laid the foundation for KayamKhani Nawabi rule in Hissar [disambiguation needed]. He writes that the founder of this community was Raja Mote Rao Chauhan, a Hindu ruler of Daderva state in Churu district. He had four sons named Jainand, Jabar Chand, Jagmal and Karam Chand. It was Karam Chand whom Firuz Shah Tughlaq met within a jungle near Hissar where the young Karam Chand was resting for a while under a tree which was completely covering him to give comfort. Firuz Shah Tughlaq enquired about the young Karam Chand’s family details and took him to Delhi. After seeking consent from Raja Mote Rao Chauhan one of his subordinates Firuz Shah sent Karam Chand to Sayyed Nasir for Islamic training. Thus Karam Chand embraced Islam and changed his name to Kayam Khan. Later in his two elder brothers Jaichand and Jabarchand also joined him in the pursuit of Islam. However, it is the descendants of Kayam Khan who were known as Kayam Khani, but in due course the descendants of his brothers, who changed their names to Jainand Khan and Jahardi Khan were also included in the fold of Kayam Khani community. Kayam Khan become an Ameer of the Delhi Sultanate. Nawab kayam Khan had six sons, named Mohammad Khan, Taj Khan, Quttab Khan, Mohan Khan, Ikhtiar Khan, and Wahid Khan. During the life of the Nawab, Muhammad Khan lived in Hisar while Taj Khan and Quttub Khan ruled Tussam in Punjab. Mohan Khan and Ikhtiar Khan were the rulers of Fatehabad and Dhosi.
After the death of their father at the hands of Khizr Khan, they dispersed and chose to avoid confrontation with Hakim-e-Delhi (ruling power in Delhi). Taj Khan later became the Nawab of Hisar, ruling from 1420 - 1446 AD. After death of Taj Khan his eldest son Fateh Khan was made Nawab of Hisar but Bahlol Lodi expelled Fatehkhan from Hisar. Taj Khan's brother, Mohammad Khan was made Nawab of Hansi but he was also expelled. Fateh Khan and Muhammad Khan came to Shekhawati area of Rajasthan and established the states of Fatehpur and Jhunjhunu respectively. Nawab Zainuddin Khan and Nawab Jabaruddin Khan founded the states of Narhar, Barwasi, Jharo Dapti, and Kayad. Rajasthan historian Mhatta Nanasi has written in his fame that Hisar's soldier Syed Nasir looted Dadreva . Kayamkhan was the son of Moterao Chauhan of Dadreva. Kayam khan's descendants are called Kayamkhani. [5] [6] This is confirmed by historical facts. Mahakavi Jaan, the author of Raso, being the son of Moterao Chauhan of Kayamkhan, being a resident of Dadreva, etc., mention in detail the facts. It is necessary to consider what time Moterao Chauhan was and what time Kayam Khan became a Muslim. The Chauhans of Dadreva were a branch of the Chauhans of Sambhar. He had authority over Dadreva for a long time and his title was Rana. Rana's title used two branches in Chauhans. First Mohil and second choice. The Chauhans of Dadreva probably belonged to the Chahil branch. The temple priests of Gogaji, who was the ancestor of Karamchand, are still wanted. Mote Rao Chauhan was a descendant of Gogaji. Dashrath Sharma considers Gogaji's time as the 11th Shadi. According to him, he fought in Mahmud Ghaznavi and sacrificed in Sana 1024. In Ranakpur inscription, Gogaji is considered a popular hero. This inscription is from V. 1496 (1439 AD). [7] It is famous that Karmchand was born 16 generations after Gogaji. Similarly, from Jait Singh, he is considered to be in the seventh generation. Bankidas has written Gogaji to be the son of Jewar. After Gogaji, Bairasi, Udayaraj, Jaskaran, Kesorai, Vijayaraj, Madanasi, Prithviraj, Lalchand, Ajaychand, Gopal, Jaitasi, Dadreva ascended the throne. The inscription of Jaitasi has been received which is dated to V.C. Belongs to 1270 (1213 AD). It is actually called 1273 BC. Told to be of After Jetsi, Punpal, Roop, Ravan, Tihumpal, Motrao, this lineage is considered by Rasokar. A definite date is known from the inscription of Jaitasi. Jaitasi was the son of Gopal who built a well in Dadreva. Gogaji was killed while fighting Mahmud Ghaznavi in 1024. The time from Gogaji to Jaitasi is usually 192 years for 9 Rana, which is slightly more than the average of 20 years. Moterao Chauhan's time is about 1315 AD, which is near the time of Feroze Tughlaq, with the same average of the Ranaas ahead of Jaitasi. It is clear that Kayam became a Muslim in the time of Khan Feroze Tughlaq (1309-1388). [8]
It is known from Tariqi Ferozshahi that after returning from Bengal, the second year of the Battle of Bengal established Hisar Feroza. This can be considered in 1354. In Hisar, the Sultan built a fort and named the common Hisar Feroza after this city. Earlier, the area around Hisar was in the Shink (division) of Hansi. This Shink was renamed Hisar Firoza and included the districts of Hansi, Agroha, Fatehabad, Sarsuti, Salaruh and Khizrabad. Near this was the area of Shekhawati in the southwest. Kayam Khan though converted to Muslim but his Hindu rites were strong. His contact was also with the ruling castes around his place of birth. Kayam Khan had seven Queens who were all Rajput. [9]The names of the seven queens of Kayam khan were -
Darude kanwar - daughter of Raghunath Singh Panwar of Sadar
Umaid Kanwar - daughter of Ratan Singh Jatu of Siwani
Jeet Kanwar - daughter of Sivraj Singh God of Maroth
Sujan Kanwar - daughter of Olurao Nirvana of Khandela
Sujan Kanwar - daughter of Rajpal Bhati of Jaisalmer
Ratan Kanwar - daughter of Dwarkadas of Nagaur
Chand Kanwar - daughter of Bhagwan Das Badgujar of Hod
Fatehpur Settlement of Fateh Khan
Kayam Khan was the prince of Hisar Turquoise in the last days of his life. This area was far and wide and Dadreva, his place of birth, was also near where Chauhan was still ruling. Kayamkhan had close contact with Shekhawati, this can be known from his marriage in the section of rulers of Khandele. Later due to this contact, his son was displaced from Hisar and moved here. According to Shekhawati Prakash Kayamkhan had 5 sons - Mahmadkhan, Tajkhan, Qutubkhan, Abukhan, and Ikhtiarkhan. In 'Fatehpur Parichay' it is said that he has 6 boys. In addition to the above five, the name of Mohankhan has been added. The fourth son settled in Qutub Khan Baruve and took possession of the surrounding places. Barua is the place of Jhunjhunu district which is 11 km south of Nawalgarh. [24] According to Ratan Lal Mishra, Raso's statement is that Fateh Khan could not live in Hisar due to opposition from Bahlol Lodi emperor. He settled the city of Fatehpur, which was formerly a forest and had reservoirs. As long as the fort was built, Fatah Khan stayed in Rinau village. He put together the foundations of 6 forts, Palhu, Bhadra, Bhadang, Baila, and Fatehpur. Apart from Fatehpur, all the above mentioned places fall in the present Churu and Ganganagar districts. Pallu, Bhadra fall in Hanumangarh district and Saheva, Bhadang and Bayla fall in Churu district. According to Raso, the settlement of Fatehpur is of Samvat 1508 (1451 AD). An inscription has been found in the temple of old Saravagis of Fatehpur, according to which Seth Tuhin Mal laid the foundation stone of Samvat 1508 Phagan Sudi 2 of this temple. [25] Ratan Lal Mishra [26] writes that there is also another evidence which takes the matter of settling of Fatehpur city a little back. When Fatekhan came to Fatehpur, he brought with him Pandit, Seth and moneylender. It is known from the article in the book of Mr. Kishanlal Brahmabhatta that Fatehkhan came here from Hisar in Samvat 1503. It is written in this book - "Haritwal Godwal came from Narnol to Fatehpur, in the Bar of Chaudhary Gangaram in the war of Nawab Fatehkhan, the year of Samvat 1503." This is the same era when Bahlol Lodi took possession of Hisar and the surrounding area before becoming the emperor. Where Fatehkhan started building the fort, there were forests and reservoirs (Ho Sarwar Udyan) and Mahatma Gangadas had a dhuni. In order to build the fort, the people of Fateh Khan asked to raise Mahatmaji. Mahatmaji said that make the fort a little dandy. If the soldiers did not listen, the Mahatma became enraged and put them in the bag with a burning dhuni. The soldiers went to Renau and narrated this miraculous incident to Fateh Khan. Fateh Khan, fearing the curse of the monk, came to Mahatma ji. At that time, Mahatma ji was sitting under the jaunt of fumigation where lime is nowadays. Fateh Khan asked Mahatmaji to return, but he did not budge. At this place, even today the temple and mausoleum of Mahatma Gangadas ji are there. There is also a Persian inscription on which the construction of the temple is written Samvat 1505 (1448 AD). Fateh khan had many Hindu women. In order to worship them, small house temples or devasthan were built in the fort. Their remains could be seen till a few years ago
Fateh khan's right over Shekhawati In this way, Fatehkhan established himself on the south eastern part of Shekhawati. He established his suzerainty over the land lying in the north direction, as is proved by the construction of 5 forts in this area. Thus far-off lands were under him. By strengthening the fort on the frontier, he strengthened his position considerably. [11] According to Raso, Taj khan and Mohammad Khan returned to Hisar. Tajkhan became a very powerful ruler. It took over Khetri, Kharkada, Buhana and subdued Patan, Rewasa and Amer. He took Peshkas from Kachwahe, Nirvana, Tanwar and Panwar. Tajkhan died in Hisar Samvat 1503 (1446 AD). His brother Mohammad Khan died in Hansi. [12] In many books, the matter of settling Jhunjhunu by Mohammad khan has been said in the context of Jhunjh Jat. [13] The evidence of Jhunjhunu Nagar's earlier settlements is available in Jain texts. Many quotations of 14th century are present in Jain texts, which prove the antiquity of this city. Jhunjhunu is described in the Sarvatirthamala written by Siddhasen Suri in Vikrami 1123 (1066 AD) as follows - "Khandillu Xinzhuyanay Narayan Harsaur Khattauesu. Nayur Suddha Dehi Su Sabhari Desesu Vandami ..." [14] Similarly, from the information published in Varada, Jhunjhunu has been mentioned in Samvat 1300 as follows- "Samvat 1300 Subsequently Khatu Vaastya Sah Gopal Chief Nana Nagar Gramay Vastavayanek Shravaka: Shri Navaha Jhunjhunu Vaastya - [15] Jhunjhunu settling in Vakayat Kaum Kayamkhani has been reported as 1444 V. Month 14 Saturday. There is a possibility that Kaymkhanis may have decorated Jhunjhunu with a new spirit. Along with Fatekhan came Mohammad Khan's son Shamskhan who established his authority over the northern part of Shekhawati. A mention of Shamskhan establishing his rule in Jhunjhunu is also found in the commendation of Trilokya Deepak. According to this no. Shamskhan was ruled by Jhunjhunu in 1516. [16] "Swasti Samvat 1516 Ashadh Sudi Five Bhomwasare Jhunjhunu auspicious place Shaki Bhupathi Prajapalka Samaskhan Vijay Raje". According to Vakayat Kaum Kayamkhani, Shamskhan built a pond which is still known as Shams pond. It has paved ghats and steps. It left a bead in an area of 20 square miles in which animals graze. It also made some solid cooks. This Nawab settled a village called Shamspur which is situated 4 miles east of Jhunjhunu. Shamskhan died in Jhunjhunu where a strong dome is present.
The list of Nawabs of Jhunjhunu is as follows -
Mohammad khan
Sams khan
Fateh khan
Mubarak khan
Kamal khan
Bhikam khan
Mohabat khan
Khizar khan
Bahadur khan
Samas khan
Sultan khan
Wahid khan
Saad khan
Fzal khan
Rohilla khan
The last Nawab of Jhunjhunun was Rohilla Khan. It came under Shardul Singh Shekhawat in 1731
Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq was a Muslim ruler from the Tughlaq dynasty, who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1351 to 1388. He succeeded his cousin Muhammad bin Tughlaq following the latter's death at Thatta in Sindh, where Muhammad bin Tughlaq had gone in pursuit of Taghi the rebellious Muslim governor of Gujarat. For the first time in the history of the Sultanate, a situation was confronted wherein nobody was ready to accept the reins of power. With much difficulty, the camp followers convinced Firoz to accept the responsibility. In fact, Khwaja Jahan, the Wazir of Muhammad bin Tughlaq had placed a small boy on the throne claiming him to be the son of Muhammad bin Tughlaq, who meekly surrendered afterwards. Due to widespread unrest, his realm was much smaller than Muhammad's. Tughlaq was forced by rebellions to concede virtual independence to Bengal and other provinces. He established Sharia across his realm.
Jhunjhunu is a city in the state of Rajasthan in northern India and the administrative headquarters of Jhunjhunu District. Rajasthani and Hindi are widely spoken in Jhunjhunu. Jhunjhunu has given the highest number of soldiers to the Indian army and the paramilitary.
Shekhawati is a semi-arid historical region located in the northeast part of Rajasthan, India. The region was ruled by Shekhawat Rajputs. Shekhawati is located in North Rajasthan, comprising the districts of Neem Ka Thana, Jhunjhunu, Sikar that lies to the west of the Aravalis and Churu. It is bounded on the northwest by the Bagar region, on the northeast by Haryana, on the east by Mewat, on the southeast by Dhundhar, on the south by Ajmer, and on the southwest by the Marwar region. Its area is 13,784 square kilometers.
Fatehpur is a city in the Sikar district of Indian state Rajasthan. It is part of the Shekhawati region. It is midway between Sikar city and Bikaner on National Highway 52. It is also the land to Havelis built by Marwari Seth's. It also has many Kuldevi Temples of the Agarwal community for Bajoria,Bindal, Saraf, Chamadia, Choudhary, Goenka, Lohia, Singhania, Saraogi, Bhartia Families. It is famous for its extreme weather conditions throughout the year. In winters, the minimum temperature falls below 0 °C at night for many days making it the coldest town in India in non mountainous region. In summer the temperature rises to 50 °C in the afternoon making it one of the hottest places in India. 1985 Bollywood film Ghulami starting Dharmendra, Naseeruddin Shah, Mithun Chakraborty and Smita Patil was extensively shot here in many of its havelis and the railway station.
Hansi, is a city and municipal council in Hisar district in the Indian state of Haryana. It appears that at one time Hansi was larger, more prosperous and more important than Hisar. The town has several important buildings of archeological importance.
Fatehabad district is one of the twenty two districts of the state of Haryana, India. Fatehabad was founded by Firuz Shah Tughlaq. Fatehabad district was carved out of Hisar district on 15 July 1997.
Rajgarh, is a city, municipality, tehsil and Legislative Assembly seat in Churu district of northern part of Rajasthan state in India. It lies in Shekhawati region at an elevation of 239 metres (784 ft). To distinguish Rajgarh from several other places with same name, Sadulpur has become a synonym of Rajgarh town's name in recent times.
Rao Jodha was the 15th Rajput chief of Rathore clan who ruled the Kingdom of Marwar in the present-day state of Rajasthan. He was the fifth son of Rao Ranmal. He is known for his illustrious military career and for founding the city of Jodhpur in 1459, which subsequently became the new capital of Marwar after Mandore.
Churu district is a district of the Indian state of Rajasthan in northern India. It was founded by Chaudhary Churu singh Jat(Nain). Some believe it was a village of jats known as kalera ka bas. Thakur Kushal Singh constructed the Churu fort in 1649 and during the battle of 1871 the area came under dominance of Bikaner State. The town of Churu is the administrative headquarters of the district.
Khizr Khan was the founder of the Sayyid dynasty, the fourth ruling dynasty of the Delhi sultanate, in northern India soon after the invasion of Timur and the fall of the Tughlaq dynasty. Khizr Khan was Governor of Multan under the Tughlaq ruler, Firuz Shah Tughlaq, and was known to be an able administrator. He did not take up any royal title due to fear of invasion by Amir Timur and contended himself with the titles of Rayat-i-Ala and Masnad-i-Aali or. During his reign, coins were continued to be struck in the name of previous Tughlaq rulers. After his death on 20 May 1421, he was succeeded by his son Mubarak Khan, who took the title of Muizz-ud-Din Mubarak Shah.
Tain is a village in the Jhunjhunu district, India. It is part of the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan.
Khan-e Jehan Nawab Qaim Khan Shaheed who was the son of Raja Motay Rao Chauhan, the ruler of Dorayra or Dadrewa. The first progenitor of Qaimkhanis was Karamchand born in the family of Moterao of Chauhan clan, the ruler of Dadrewa. Firuz Shah Tughluq converted him to Islam and named him Qaimkhan. Thus his descendants were called Qaimkhani. He embraced Islam along with his brothers, Nawab Zainuddin Khan and Nawab Jabaruddin Khan, in the times of Sultan Feroz Shah. Descendants of Nawab Zainuddin Khan and Nawab Jabaruddin Khan are also 'Qaim Khanis'.
The region of Shekhawati in Rajasthan is remarkable for its wealth of mural paintings which adorn the walls of many buildings, including havelis.
Asigarh Fort, also called Hansi Fort, is located on the eastern bank of Amti lake in Hansi city of Haryana, India, about 135 km from Delhi on NH9. Spread over 30 acres, in its prime days this fort used to be in control of 80 forts in the area around it. The fort is said to be one of the most impregnable forts of ancient India and has been declared a centrally protected monument by ASI in 1937.
Madhogarh is a village in Mahendragarh district, Haryana, India. It is located at the foot of Madhogarh Hill of Aravalli Mountain Range. Madhogarh Fort is on top of the hill.
Loharu Fort, built in 16th century, is a state protected archaeological monument in Loharu town in Haryana state of India. Fort is part of interstate Shekhawati region which lies on the either side of Haryana-Rajasthan border in the sandy bagar tract.
Raja Bahadur Nahar Khan was the ruler of Mewat and the progenitor of Khanzada Rajput clan who were themselves a sub-clan of Jadaun Rajputs. His original name was Sambhar Pal and later came to be known as Nahar Singh. He and his brother Sopar Pal embraced Islam under the influence of Firuz Shah Tughlaq after he annexed their estates. He was also known as Wali-e-Mewat Raja Bahadur Nahar Khan
The Mewat State was a sovereign kingdom ruled by the Khanzadas of Mewat. They were a ruling dynasty of Muslim Rajputs from Rajputana who had their capital at Alwar. The Khanzadas were Muslim Rajputs who descended from Raja Sonpar Pal who was a Rajput who converted to Islam during the period of the Delhi Sultanate in India.
Rao Lunkaran was the third Rathore Rajput ruler of Bikaner, ruling from 1505 to 1526. He spent much of his two-decade long reign consolidating and expanding the territories of his relatively new Kingdom of Bikaner.