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The Maratha caste is composed of Marathi clans originally formed in the earlier centuries from the amalgamation of families from the peasant (Kunbi), shepherd (Dhangar), pastoral (Gavli), blacksmith (Lohar), carpenter (Sutar), Bhandari, Thakar and Koli castes in Maharashtra. Many of them took to military service in the 16th century for the Deccan sultanates or the Mughals. Later in the 17th and 18th centuries, they served in the armies of the Maratha Empire, founded by Shivaji, a Maratha by caste. Many Marathas were granted hereditary fiefs by the Sultanates, and Mughals for their service.
Kunbi is a generic term applied to castes of traditional farmers in Western India. These include the Dhonoje, Ghatole, Hindre, Jadav, Jhare, Khaire, Lewa, Lonare and Tirole communities of Vidarbha. The communities are largely found in the state of Maharashtra but also exist in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala and Goa. Kunbis are included among the Other Backward Classes (OBC) in Maharashtra.
Pratapgad is a large, mountain fort located in Satara district, in the Western Indian state of Maharashtra. The fort is situated on a mountain 24 kilometres from the Mahabaleshwar hill station. The fort is now a popular tourist destination.
Deshastha Brahmin is a Hindu Brahmin subcaste mainly from the Indian state of Maharashtra and northern area of the state of Karnataka. Other than these states, according to authors K. S. Singh, Gregory Naik and Pran Nath Chopra, Deshastha Brahmins are also concentrated in the states of Telangana (which was earlier part of Hyderabad State and Berar Division), Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh (Which was earlier part of Central Provinces and Berar) Author Pran Nath Chopra and journalist Pritish Nandy says, "Most of the well-known saints from Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh were Deshastha Brahmins".
Dhangar is a herding caste of people found in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Goa, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. They are referred as Gavli in southern Maharashtra, Goa and northern Karnataka, Golla in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka and Ahir in northern Maharashtra. Some Gavlis live in forested hill tracts of India's Western Ghats. Gavli, also known as Dange or Mhaske, and Ahir are a sub-caste of Dhangar. However, there are many distinct Gavli castes in Maharashtra and Dhangar Gavli is one of them.
The Marathi people or Marathis are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who are indigenous to Maharashtra in western India. They natively speak Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language. Maharashtra was formed as a Marathi-speaking state of India in 1960, as part of a nationwide linguistic reorganization of the Indian states. The term "Maratha" is generally used by historians to refer to all Marathi-speaking peoples, irrespective of their caste. At present, however, it also refers to a Maharashtrian caste known as the Maratha.
Gurjar or Gujjar is an ethnic nomadic, agricultural and pastoral community, spread mainly in India, Pakistan, Kashmir and Afghanistan, divided internally into various clan groups. Although traditionally they have been involved in agriculture, pastoral and nomadic activities Gujjars are a large heterogeneous group that is internally differentiated in terms of religion, occupation, and socio-economic status. The historical role of Gurjars has been quite diverse in society, at one end they have been founder of several kingdoms, dynasties, and at the other end, they are also nomads with no land of their own.
The Kudumbi, also referred to as the Kunubis, the Kurumbi, or Kurmi, or the Kunbi, are traditionally a Konkani-speaking farming community residing in Kerala, India. The majority of the group are farmers, laborers, and petty workers, settled across central and southern Kerala. Kudumbis are part of the larger Kunbi–Kurmi diaspora, a generic farming community spread out over India, with the probable exception of only Jammu and Kashmir.
Maharashtra is famous for its varied fresh water resources, including lakes, tanks and rivers. A number of fishing communities have developed in response to these favorable factors. These communities can be divided into:
Maharashtra is the third largest state of India in terms of land area. It has a long history of Marathi saints of Varakari religious movement, such as Dnyaneshwar, Namdev, Chokhamela, Eknath and Tukaram which forms the one of bases of the culture of Maharashtra or Marathi culture. Maharashtra had huge influence over India under the 17th-century king Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj of the Maratha Empire and his concept of Hindavi Swarajya which translates to self-rule of people.
Nethakani, also known as Netkani,As Mahars in Maharashtra,In the state of Telangana it is known as nethakaani. are a Maratha and Telugu caste of cotton weavers and laborers.
Muslim Rangrezz are a community of Muslim Rajputs in North India. Many members of the community migrated to Pakistan after independence and settled in Karachi, Sindh.
The Momin Qassar are a South Asian community traditionally involved in [Chicken fabric]]. They are considered to be Muslim converts from the Hindu Shaikh caste, and are found in North India and Pakistan. The community is also known as Charhoa and Gazar in Pakistan and Momin Qassar in India. They also use surname as "Hawari".
The Bagban are a Muslim community found in India. In the Deccan region they are known as Bagwan. The Bagwans converted to Islam from the Hindu community during the Mughal empire.
Kudal (कुडाळ) is a village in the Satara district, Maharashtra, India. It is surrounded by a river called Niranjana or Kudali. There is a big temple of 'Pimpleshwar & Wakadeshwar' at the river coast. Agriculture is the main land use in the village, with more than 75% of the total area being used for agricultural activities. The village has a close view to the historic Vairatgad Fort. It is central for 15 villages situated nearby Kudal Village.
The Attar are a Muslim community and caste found in the state of Maharashtra and state of Andhra pradesh in India. This community has no connection with the Attarwala of Gujarat, other than both communities at one time having been involved in the manufacture of ittars (perfumes).
Gavli or Gawli is a subcaste of the Yadav community, found in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Madhya pradesh. They are referred as Golla in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Karnataka. Yadav, Golla and Ahir Gawli are considered to be synonymous names. They are distributed all over Maharashtra. Although Reginald Edward has classified Gawlis as sub-caste of many Different castes like Yadav Ahir Gawli, Dhangar Gawli, Singaji Gawli and Lingayat Gawli These all caste's have nothing in common except same occupation. Along with Maratha and Kunbis, Ahir Gawli's are considered one of the allied castes of Maratha caste and have been included in the Maratha Regiment in the past.
The Gurav are an occupational community comprising several castes. They are among the traditional service providers found in villages, for whom they act in a priestly role, and are found in several states of India.
Modern historians agree that Rajputs consisted of a mix of various different social groups and different varnas. Rajputisation explains the process by which such diverse communities coalesced into the Rajput community.
The Kaikadi are a community found in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Traditionally they were nomadic, mainly wandering in the Vidarbha region of the state, but most have now settled down. They face significant oppression and were once called a Criminal Tribe, and so were placed on the list of Denotified Tribes (DNTs) after independence. They speak Kaikadi, a Dravidian language closely related to Tamil with significant Indo-Aryan admixture. Colonial scholars had a significant disdain for the community, with Robert Vane Russell calling them "disreputable" and with "bad morals." Russell claimed their name derived from kai and kade, while the community derives its name from kai and kadi. Russell recorded their occupation as basket-making. Colonial scholars claimed the community arrived from Telangana and they were related to the Yerukala.
References
- ↑ Dhar, P. (2004), Bhanu, B.V.; Bhatnagar, B.R.; Bose, D.K.; Kulkarni, V.S.; Sreenath, J. (eds.), People of India: Maharashtra, People of India, vol. 2, Anthropological Survey of India, ISBN 81-7991-101-2 , retrieved 5 October 2011