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Odia Muslims are a community of people hailing from the Indian state of Odisha who follow Islam. They mostly descend from indigenous converts to Islam along with a small proportion that migrated from northern India.
It is uncertain when Islam first arrived in Odisha. It is believed that the first significant Islamic presence dates from the invasion of the Bengal general, Kalapahad. Commanding the army of Sultan Sulaiman Khan Karrani, the Sultan of Bengal, Kalapahad defeated Raja Mukund Deva of Cuttack in 1568 CE. [1]
Karrani brought with him Muslim soldiers who settled down in Odisha, however their number was very few.[ citation needed ] Later migration continued under Mughal as well as the Nawab of Bengal's rule. The majority of these were traders or clergy, sent to preside over the courts, both secular and Islamic. [2] Conversions seemed to have mainly occurred from the 16th century onwards. [3]
Islam has had a very slow rate of growth in Odisha even during the Muslim rule as there had never been any major Muslim missionary work. The current population of Muslims in Odisha is 911,670 (2011 census), roughly 2.2% of the total population. The city of Bhadrak has the maximum number of Muslims as a percentage of the total population (about 35%). [4]
Most Odisha Muslims are Sunni while a small minority are Shia, belonging to such groups as the Khoja and Dawoodi Bohra. [3]
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Jamia Islamia Markazul Uloom, a centre of Deobandi Islamic study in Odisha, was founded in 1946 by Muhammad Ismail Katki, the third president of Jamiat Ulema Odisha. [11] Important Barelvi Madrasa are located at Bhadrak.
Mahmud Hasan Deobandi was an Indian Muslim scholar and an activist of the Indian independence movement, who co-founded the Jamia Millia Islamia University and launched the Silk Letter Movement for the freedom of India. He was the first student to study at the Darul Uloom Deoband seminary. His teachers included Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi and Mahmud Deobandi, and he was authorized in Sufism by Imdadullah Muhajir Makki and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi.
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Muhammad Sufyan Qasmi Siddiqi is an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar and current rector of Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband.
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Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar who served as first Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband. He is best known for his Fatawa Darul Uloom Deoband. His brother was Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.
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Shakhsār, also spelt as Shaakhsaar, was an Urdu literary magazine published in Cuttack, Odisha, India, edited by Amjad Najmi. Initially, this magazine played a central role in connecting and introducing the literary world of Odisha to the Urdu world of India and outside India within a short period of time.
Muhammad Ismail Katki was an Indian Islamic scholar and writer. He was associated with the Khatm-e-Nubuwwat movement in India, particularly in the state of Odisha. He served as the first Ameer-e-Shari'at of Imarat-e-Shar'ia Odisha and the third president of Jamiat Ulama Odisha.
Sayed Kafeel Ahmad Qasmi is an Indian Islamic scholar, academician, and litterateur of Arabic and Urdu. He has also served in several positions in the Arabic Department of Aligarh Muslim University for 45 years.
Sayed Sirajussajidin Katki was an Indian Islamic scholar, poet, and orator. He dedicated almost his entire career to Jamia Islamia Markazul Uloom, Sungra. He also served as the 4th President of Jamiat Ulama Odisha and the second Amīr-e-Sharī'at of Imārat-e-Shar'ia, Odisha.
Jamia Islamia Markazul Uloom, also spelt as Jamia Islamia Markaz-Ul-Uloom, is the oldest Islamic educational institution belonging to the Deobandi school of thought in the Cuttack district of the Indian state of Odisha.
Odisha Urdu Academy, or Odisha Urdu Akademi, formerly Orissa Urdu Academy, is an academy and institution in Bhubaneswar, the capital of the Indian state of Odisha, focusing on the promotion, development, and preservation of the Urdu language, its tradition, and culture in Odisha. It was formed on February 7, 1987, under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. This academy is established under the Department of Odia Language, Literature, and Culture, Government of Odisha.
Naseer Ahmad Khan (1918–2010), also written as Maulana Naseer Ahmad Khan and Naseer Ahmad Khan Bulandshahri, was an Indian Islamic scholar and muhaddith. He served as a professor at Darul Uloom Deoband for approximately sixty-five years, during which he taught Sahih al-Bukhari for thirty-two years.
Muhammad Jabir Qasmi, also written as Muhammad Jabir Qasmi Binjharpuri and Maulana Muhammad Jabir, was an Indian Islamic scholar, Sufi sheikh, and Muslim leader. He was the first president of Jamiat Ulama-e-Odisha (M) and a member of the working committee of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind (M).
Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi is an Indian Islamic scholar, mufti, writer, and trilingual translator of Urdu, Arabic, and English. He is an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband, Markazul Maarif, Jamia Millia Islamia, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, and Jamia Hamdard; and has written several books in English, Urdu, and Arabic.
Omar Abedeen Qasmi Madani is an Indian Islamic scholar, mufti, and writer who serves as the deputy director of Al Mahadul Aali Al Islami, Hyderabad. He is an alumnus of Darul Uloom Sabil-us-Salam of Hyderabad, Darul Uloom Deoband, Al Mahadul Aali Al Islami, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Osmania University, and the Islamic University of Madinah. He has written several books, including Uloom-ul-Hadīth, Hindustān Mein Islam Ki Aamad Aur Ishā'at, Huqūq Aur Unki Kharīd-o-Farokht, Qurān-e-Karīm: Aadāb o Ahkām, and Ulama-e-Hind Ki Chand Aham Qurani Khidmāt.