Santa Teresa Hills | |
---|---|
Highest point | |
Elevation | 1,027 ft (313 m) |
Geography | |
location of Santa Teresa Hills in California [1] | |
Country | United States |
State | California |
District | Santa Clara County |
Range coordinates | 37°12′58.800″N121°48′17.825″W / 37.21633333°N 121.80495139°W |
Topo map | USGS Santa Teresa Hills |
The Santa Teresa Hills are a range of mountains in Santa Clara County, California, located primarily in the city of San Jose. [1] They separate the San Jose neighborhoods of Almaden Valley to the west and Santa Teresa to the east.
The range runs south of San Jose and is about 7 miles long. The New Almaden hills and greater Santa Cruz Mountains span south. Notable peaks include Coyote Peak and Bernal Hill.
Notable bodies of water include Santa Teresa Creek, which runs west down through the southern portion of the hills. It soon joins Arroyo Calero, which originates from Calero Reservoir in New Almaden. [2] Arroyo Calero then joins Alamitos Creek, which flows through Almaden Lake at the western end of the Santa Teresa Hills, exiting eventually to the Guadalupe River and then to the San Francisco Bay at Alviso. Santa Teresa Spring emerges at the base of the north side of the hills. [3]
Serpentinized ultramafic rock from the Jurassic, sandstone, mudstone, shale, and limestone from the lower Eocene, and Upper Cretaceous Franciscan Complex rock containing chert and basaltic volcanic rock make up most of the geologic structure of the Santa Teresa Hills. [4] [5] The hills contain local thrust faults, while the Shannon Fault Zone cuts south.
Like in the nearby historic New Almaden mines, mining occurred in the Santa Teresa Hills since the early 20th century, though with much lower consistency and production. Limestone was quarried since 1915 for use in fertilizer and sugar refining, and chert was quarried for local road metal. [6] Sandstone was quarried from 1866 to 1906 and was used in the construction of Stanford University and several public buildings in San Francisco and San Jose. Rocks quarried here were also decoratively desirable.
Past mines include the Bernal Mine, which has been inactive since 1918, and the Santa Teresa Mine, both of which were quicksilver mines. [6] Like New Almaden, the Santa Teresa Hills contain “hilos,” or small tension fractures in silicate-carbonate rock containing veins of dolomite, quartz, and cinnabar, though in much lower quantity.
Ancestors of today's Muwekma Ohlone Tribe were among the first people to live in the Santa Teresa Hills area, with one major settlement at Santa Teresa Spring about 3000 years ago. [7] [8] The spring was a reliable freshwater source and a sacred site to the Muwekma Ohlone, who believe that the spring had healing properties.
In 1826, José Joaquín Bernal, a former soldier in the Mexican Army, settled near Santa Teresa Spring with his family and established Rancho Santa Teresa. The Santa Teresa Hills were part of the San Jose Pueblo Tract II, between Rancho Santa Teresa to the north and Alamitos Creek at the southern base. [9] Rancho Santa Teresa started off as a 9,647 acre land grant by the Mexican government in 1834. Due to the California Land Act of 1851, the rancho was reduced to only 400 acres by the 1870s. Bernal's descendants continued to run the ranch, which produced cattle, fruit and hay. The Bernal Mine, Bernal Marl Fertilizer Company, and Santa Teresa Spring Water Company were also started by Bernal's descendants. The ranch eventually became Bernal-Gulnac-Joice Ranch, and was operated into the 1980s.
By the 1990s, a large portion of the Santa Teresa Hills were purchased by Santa Clara County as part of Santa Teresa County Park, which now covers about 1,673 acres. Today, a ranch house and other historic buildings remain at the base of the hills as part of the park. The IBM Almaden Research Center, which opened in 1986, is located just west of the park. [10]
The Santa Teresa Hills contain chaparral, annual grassland, mixed oak woodland, and mixed riparian forests. [7] [11] In areas that are less serpentine, non-native annual Eurasian grasses, including wild oats, soft chess, and Italian ryegrass, dominate over native grasses and forbs. Serpentine soils are incredibly poor in essential plant nutrients like nitrogen and have high concentrations of heavy metals. As such, the serpentine composition found in the Santa Teresa Hills provides an essential habitat for native plants that can tolerate these conditions from competition with non-native grasses. Native butchgrasses include California oatgrass, purple needlegrass, and Idaho fescue. Native forbs include filaree, true clovers, and dwarf plantain. Mixed oak woodland species include Coast live oak, valley oak, California buckeye, California bay, and blue oak.
The Santa Teresa Hills are a critical habitat for the threatened Bay checkerspot butterfly, whose primary host plant is the dwarf plantain. [11] [7] Other animals include deer, coyotes, bobcats, wild turkeys, California quail, red-shouldered hawks, turkey vultures, and rattlesnakes.
Almaden Valley, commonly known simply as Almaden, is a valley and neighborhood of San Jose, California, located in South San Jose. It is nestled between the Santa Cruz Mountains to the west and the Santa Teresa Hills to the east, bordering the town of Los Gatos and West San Jose neighborhood.
Santa Teresa is a neighborhood of San Jose, California, United States, located in South San Jose. Founded in 1834, Santa Teresa was originally established as Rancho Santa Teresa by the Bernal family, a prominent Californio clan. Today, Santa Teresa is largely a residential area, but also home to numerous Silicon Valley tech campuses.
The Diablo Range is a mountain range in the California Coast Ranges subdivision of the Pacific Coast Ranges in northern California, United States. It stretches from the eastern San Francisco Bay Area at its northern end to the Salinas Valley area at its southern end.
New Almaden, known in Spanish as Nueva Almadén, is a historic community and former mercury mine in the Capitancillos Hills of San Jose, California, located at the southwestern point of Almaden Valley in South San Jose. New Almaden is divided into two parts: the mines and much of their immediate surroundings, including historic ghost town settlements in the Capintancillas, which together form the Almaden Quicksilver County Park, and the largely residential historic district surrounding the Casa Grande.
Santa Teresa County Park is an 1,673-acre (6.77 km2) park in the Santa Teresa neighborhood of San Jose, California, located within the Santa Teresa Hills
Coyote Lake is an artificial lake in Santa Clara County, California, United States, between Morgan Hill and Gilroy.
Anderson Lake, also known as Anderson Reservoir, is an artificial lake in Morgan Hill, located in southern Santa Clara County, California. The reservoir is formed by the damming of Coyote Creek just below its confluence with Las Animas Creek. A 4,275-acre (1,730 ha) county park surrounds the reservoir and provides limited fishing, picnicking, and hiking activities. Although swimming is prohibited, boating, water-skiing, and jet-skiing are permitted in the reservoir.
The Berreyesa family is a prominent Californio family of Northern California. Members of the family held extensive rancho grants across the Bay Area during 18th and 19th centuries. Numerous places are named after the family, including the Berryessa district of San Jose and Lake Berryessa in Napa County.
José de los Reyes Berreyesa, also spelled Berrelleza, was born at Mission Santa Clara de Asís in Las Californias province of the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Spain.
Rancho Santa Teresa was a 9,647-acre (39.04 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Clara County, California given in 1834 by Governor José Figueroa to José Joaquín Bernal. The grant extended west from Coyote Creek to the Santa Teresa Hills, and included present-day Santa Teresa.
Rancho San Vicente was a 4,438-acre (17.96 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Clara County, California given in 1842 by Governor Juan Alvarado to José de los Reyes Berreyesa. The grant was located west of the Santa Teresa Hills at the south end of Almaden Valley. The grant was bounded on the north by Rancho Los Capitancillos.
Rancho Cañada de Pala was a 15,714-acre (63.59 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Clara County, California given in 1839 by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to José de Jesús Bernal. The origin of the name Cañada de Pala is the subject of debate. The word "pala" translates as "shovel" in Spanish, but means "water", in many Native Californian dialects. The grant was in the foothills and mountains of the Diablo Range, east of San Jose and included most of what is now Grant Ranch Park and all of present-day Blue Oak Ranch Reserve.
Almaden Reservoir is an artificial lake in the hills south of San Jose, California in the United States. It borders on the 4,163-acre (1,685 ha) Almaden Quicksilver County Park, which provides limited fishing ("catch-and-release"), picnicking, hiking, and horseback riding activities. Swimming and boating are not permitted in the reservoir.
Calero Reservoir, also called Calero Lake, is a reservoir in San Jose, California, located in the Calero neighborhood of Almaden Valley in South San Jose. It is the site of Calero County Park, which also includes a large area covering the lake and hundreds of acres of hills around it.
Guadalupe Creek is a 10.5 miles (16.9 km) northward-flowing stream originating just east of the peak of Mount Umunhum in Santa Clara County, California, United States. It courses along the northwestern border of Almaden Quicksilver County Park in the Cañada de los Capitancillos before joining Los Alamitos Creek after the latter exits Lake Almaden. This confluence forms the Guadalupe River mainstem, which in turn flows through San Jose and empties into south San Francisco Bay at Alviso Slough.
Alamitos Creek or Los Alamitos Creek is a 7.7-mile-long (12.4 km) creek in San Jose, California, which becomes the Guadalupe River when it exits Lake Almaden and joins Guadalupe Creek. Los Alamitos Creek is located in Almaden Valley and originates from the Los Capitancillos Ridge in the Santa Cruz Mountains, near New Almaden. This creek flows through the Valley's Guadalupe Watershed, which is owned by the Santa Clara Valley Water District. The creek flows in a generally northwesterly direction after rounding the Los Capitancillos Ridge and the town of New Almaden, in the southwest corner, before ambling along the Santa Teresa Hills on northeast side of the Almaden Valley. Its environment has some relatively undisturbed areas and considerable lengths of suburban residential character. Originally called Arroyo de los Alamitos, the creek's name is derived from "little poplar", "alamo" being the Spanish word for "poplar" or "cottonwood".
Santa Clara County Parks and Recreation Department, sometimes referred to as Santa Clara County Parks Department or Santa Clara County Parks, is a government department in Santa Clara County, California. The department manages 28 parks with a total area over 52,000 acres (21,000 ha).
Fisher Creek is a 13.8 miles (22.2 km) stream that flows northwesterly through the Coyote Valley in southern Santa Clara County, California, United States. It is a tributary to the largest freshwater wetland in Santa Clara County, Laguna Seca, a seasonal lake important to groundwater recharge. From Laguna Seca, Fisher Creek was connected to Coyote Creek by an artificial channel.
Communications Hill is a neighborhood located in the San Juan Bautista Hills of San Jose, California.
Calero, also known as Calero Lake and occasionally as South Almaden Valley, is a rural neighborhood in the Almaden Valley district of San Jose, California. Located in South San Jose, Calero is notably home to Calero County Park, which surrounds Calero Lake.