Scotokaryotes

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Scotokaryotes
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Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Neokaryotes
Clade: Scotokaryotes
Clades
Synonyms
  • OpimodaDerelle et al., 2015 [1]

The Scotokaryotes (Cavalier-Smith) is a proposed basal Neokaryote clade as sister of the Diaphoretickes. [2] Basal Scotokaryote groupings are the Metamonads, the Malawimonas and the Podiata. [3] [4] In this phylogeny the Discoba are sometimes seen as paraphyletic and basal eukaryotes.

Contents

An alternative to the Unikont–Bikont division was suggested by Derelle et al. in 2015, [1] where they proposed the acronyms Opimoda–Diphoda respectively, as substitutes to the older terms (Opimoda includes the old 'unikonts', plus some former bikonts; Diphoda includes most of the old 'bikonts', but not all). The name Opimoda is formed from the letters (shown in capitals) of OPIsthokonta and aMOebozoa. In this phylogeny Discoba belongs to the Diphoda clade.

Taxonomy

A proposed cladogram is [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [ excessive citations ]

Eukaryota

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Derelle, Romain; Torruella, Guifré; Klimeš, Vladimír; Brinkmann, Henner; Kim, Eunsoo; Vlček, Čestmír; Lang, B. Franz; Eliáš, Marek (17 February 2015). "Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (7): E693 –E699. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E.693D. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1420657112 . PMC   4343179 . PMID   25646484.
  2. ↑ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Lewis, Rhodri (December 2015). "Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 93: 357. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004.
  3. ↑ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2013-05-01). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (2): 115–178. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001. PMID   23085100.
  4. ↑ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2017). "Euglenoid pellicle morphogenesis and evolution in light of comparative ultrastructure and trypanosomatid biology: semi-conservative microtubule/strip duplication, strip shaping and transformation". European Journal of Protistology. 61 (Pt A): 137–179. doi: 10.1016/j.ejop.2017.09.002 . PMID   29073503.
  5. ↑ Derelle, Romain; Torruella, Guifré; Klimeš, Vladimír; Brinkmann, Henner; Kim, Eunsoo; Vlček, Čestmír; Lang, B. Franz; Eliáš, Marek (2015-02-17). "Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (7): E693 –E699. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E.693D. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1420657112 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   4343179 . PMID   25646484.
  6. ↑ Cavalier-Smith, T.; Chao, E. E.; Snell, E. A.; Berney, C.; Fiore-Donno, A. M.; Lewis, R. (2014). "Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 81: 71–85. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012 . PMID   25152275.
  7. ↑ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2010-06-23). "Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree". Biology Letters. 6 (3): 342–345. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948. ISSN   1744-9561. PMC   2880060 . PMID   20031978.
  8. ↑ He, Ding; Fiz-Palacios, Omar; Fu, Cheng-Jie; Fehling, Johanna; Tsai, Chun-Chieh; Baldauf, Sandra L. (2014). "An Alternative Root for the Eukaryote Tree of Life". Current Biology. 24 (4): 465–470. Bibcode:2014CBio...24..465H. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.036 . PMID   24508168.
  9. ↑ Cavelier Smith (2013). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (2): 115–178. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001. PMID   23085100.
  10. ↑ Hug, Laura A.; Baker, Brett J.; Anantharaman, Karthik; Brown, Christopher T.; Probst, Alexander J.; Castelle, Cindy J.; Butterfield, Cristina N.; Hernsdorf, Alex W.; Amano, Yuki (2016-04-11). "A new view of the tree of life". Nature Microbiology. 1 (5): 16048. doi: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.48 . ISSN   2058-5276. PMID   27572647.
  11. ↑ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Lewis, Rhodri (2016-06-01). "187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new class (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 99: 275–296. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.023 . PMID   27001604.
  12. ↑ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2017-09-05). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. ISSN   0033-183X. PMC   5756292 . PMID   28875267.
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