Neokaryotes

Neokaryotes
Amoeba proteus , visible are the contractile vacuole (circular) and the nucleus (somewhat dumbbell-shaped)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Orthokaryotes
Clade:	Neokaryotes
Clades
Bikont Opimoda

The neokaryotes (Cavalier-Smith 1993) are a proposed eukaryote clade consisting of the unikonts and the bikonts as sister of for instance the Jakobea. It arises because the Euglenozoa, Percolozoa, Tsukubea, and Jakobea are seen in this view as more basal eukaryotes. These four groups, are traditionally grouped together in the Discoba. However, the Discoba may well be paraphyletic as the neokaryotes may have emerged in them. ^[1]

The group was recovered as a monophyletic group in a later analysis, Al Jewari and Baldauf (2023). ^[2]

Taxonomy

A proposed cladogram is ^{[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]}

Eukaryota	Tsukubea Discicristata Euglenozoa Percolozoa Orthokaryotes Jakobea Neokaryotes Corticata/Diaphoretickes/ Archaeplastida Chromista Hacrobia SAR Bikont Scotokaryotes/Opimoda/Neozoa Metamonada Malawimonas Sulcozoa/Podiata/ CRuMs Amorphea/ Amoebozoa Obazoa Breviata Apusomonadida Opisthokonta Unikont Sarcomastigota

References

1. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (1 May 2013). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (2): 115–178. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001. PMID   23085100.
2. Al Jewari, Caesar; Baldauf, Sandra L. (28 April 2023). "An excavate root for the eukaryote tree of life". Science Advances. 9 (17): eade4973. Bibcode:2023SciA....9E4973A. doi:10.1126/sciadv.ade4973. ISSN   2375-2548. PMC   10146883 . PMID   37115919.
3. Derelle, Romain; Torruella, Guifré; Klimeš, Vladimír; Brinkmann, Henner; Kim, Eunsoo; Vlček, Čestmír; Lang, B. Franz; Eliáš, Marek (17 February 2015). "Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (7): E693 –E699. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E.693D. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1420657112 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   4343179 . PMID   25646484.
4. Cavalier-Smith, T.; Chao, E. E.; Snell, E. A.; Berney, C.; Fiore-Donno, A. M.; Lewis, R. (2014). "Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 81: 71–85. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012 . PMID   25152275.
5. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (23 June 2010). "Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree". Biology Letters. 6 (3): 342–345. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948. ISSN   1744-9561. PMC   2880060 . PMID   20031978.
6. He, Ding; Fiz-Palacios, Omar; Fu, Cheng-Jie; Fehling, Johanna; Tsai, Chun-Chieh; Baldauf, Sandra L. (2014). "An Alternative Root for the Eukaryote Tree of Life". Current Biology. 24 (4): 465–470. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.036 . PMID   24508168.
7. Cavelier Smith (2013). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (2): 115–178. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001. PMID   23085100.
8. Hug, Laura A.; Baker, Brett J.; Anantharaman, Karthik; Brown, Christopher T.; Probst, Alexander J.; Castelle, Cindy J.; Butterfield, Cristina N.; Hernsdorf, Alex W.; Amano, Yuki (11 April 2016). "A new view of the tree of life". Nature Microbiology. 1 (5): 16048. doi: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.48 . ISSN   2058-5276. PMID   27572647.
9. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Lewis, Rhodri (1 June 2016). "187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new class (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 99: 275–296. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.023 . PMID   27001604.
10. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (5 September 2017). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. ISSN   0033-183X. PMC   5756292 . PMID   28875267.