September 1953

1953

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September 1953: Poland's Cardinal Wyszyński is arrested by the Stalinist government

September 12, 1953: John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier on their wedding day

The following events occurred in September 1953:

September 1, 1953 (Tuesday)

• Air France Flight 178, a Lockheed L-749A Constellation (registration F-BAZZ) travelling to Nice, France, crashed into the side of Mount Cimet in the Maritime Alps 80 kilometers (50 miles) northeast of its destination. All 42 people on board were killed. ^[1]
• The world's first jet-to-jet aerial refueling took place when a United States Air Force KB-47 Stratojet tanker refueled a B-47 Stratojet bomber. ^[2]
• A charter flight operated by Regina Cargo Airlines in the United States involving a Douglas C-47K Skytrain (registration N19941) carrying military personnel from Fort Ord to McChord Air Force Base, crashed near Vail, Washington, killing all 21 occupants. ^[3]
• Died: Jacques Thibaud, 72, French violinist, killed in the crash of Air France Flight 178 ^[1]

September 2, 1953 (Wednesday)

• Born: John Zorn, American composer and saxophonist, in New York City ^[4]

September 3, 1953 (Thursday)

• Born: Jean-Pierre Jeunet, French film director, in Roanne ^[5]

September 4, 1953 (Friday)

• Researchers Eugene Aserinsky and Nathaniel Kleitman first published the discovery of rapid eye movement sleep. ^[6]

September 5, 1953 (Saturday)

• The United Nations rejected the Soviet Union's proposal to accept China as a member.
• Died:
  • Constantin Levaditi, 79, Romanian physician and microbiologist ^[7]
  • Clarrie Martin, 53, Australian politician, of a haemorrhage from a duodenal ulcer ^[8]

September 6, 1953 (Sunday)

• In the West German federal election, Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and his Christian Democratic Union retained power, governing in a broad coalition (two-thirds majority) with most of the minor parties. ^[9]

September 7, 1953 (Monday)

• Nikita Khrushchev became head of the Soviet Central Committee.
• Hurricane Carol caused the Panamanian cargo ship Eugenia to be driven ashore at Provincetown, Massachusetts, United States. The crew were taken off by means of a breeches buoy. ^[10]
• The US fishing vessel Lomela was destroyed by fire in the Gulf of Alaska approximately 19 nautical miles (35 km; 22 mi) southeast of Kodiak, Alaska. ^[11]
• Cork defeated Galway in the final of the 1953 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. ^[12]
• Died: Nobuyuki Abe, 77, Japanese politician, Prime Minister 1939-1940 ^[13]

September 8, 1953 (Tuesday)

• The French ocean liner Liberté ran aground at Le Havre but was refloated the same day. ^[14]

September 9, 1953 (Wednesday)

• The Ecuadorian naval yacht Esmereldas ran aground in the Guayas River; the vessel was a total loss. ^[15]
• Rumely v. United States: The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that indirect lobbying in the United States by distribution of books intended to influence opinion was a public good and not subject to regulation by Congress. ^[16]

September 10, 1953 (Thursday)

• The 1953 Tour de Hongrie cycle race concluded in Budapest and was won by József Kis-Dala of Hungary. ^[17]

September 11, 1953 (Friday)

• American soprano Helen Traubel began performing in cabaret at Chicago nightclub Chez Paree. ^[18] Later in the month she would leave the Metropolitan Opera, following an ultimatum from the manager of the Met, Rudolf Bing.

September 12, 1953 (Saturday)

• U.S. Senator John Fitzgerald Kennedy married Jacqueline Lee Bouvier at St. Mary's Church in Newport, Rhode Island.

September 13, 1953 (Sunday)

• The 1953 World Championship of Drivers ended with the Italian Grand Prix at Monza. The race was won by Juan Manuel Fangio of Argentina, but Alberto Ascari of Italy retained the championship. ^[19]
• Bob Trice became the first black player to play baseball for the Philadelphia Athletics team in the United States. ^[20]

September 16, 1953 (Wednesday)

• The Biblical epic film The Robe was released in the United States. It was the first film to be released in CinemaScope, a new widescreen format. ^[21]
• American Airlines Flight 723, a Convair CV-240-0, attempting to land in fog at Albany Airport, hit radio masts and crashed, killing all 28 people on board. ^[22]

September 17, 1953 (Thursday)

• US Navy Test pilot Scott Crossfield reached Mach 1.85 at an altitude of 74,000 feet (22,555 m) in a Douglas Skyrocket. ^[23]
• Ernie Banks was introduced as the first African-American to play for the Chicago Cubs baseball team in the United States. ^[24]

September 18, 1953 (Friday)

• Died: Charles de Tornaco, 26, Belgian racing driver, in an accident during practice for the Modena Grand Prix ^[25]

September 19, 1953 (Saturday)

• Born: Wayne Clark, Australian Test cricketer, in Perth ^[26]

September 20, 1953 (Sunday)

• Argentinian driver Juan Manuel Fangio won the 1953 Modena Grand Prix. ^[27]
• In the United States, the Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad ceased to operate into Chicago, the service now terminating at the Forest Park terminal. ^[28]

September 21, 1953 (Monday)

• A North Korean pilot, No Kum-Sok, defected to South Korea. He received a reward that had been offered by the U.S. Far East Command for delivery of an intact MiG-15 fighter plane. ^[29]
• The Liberian-registered cargo ship Greenville sank in the Atlantic Ocean; one crew member was lost, and the other 25 people on board were rescued by the French ship Île de France. ^[30]

September 22, 1953 (Tuesday)

• In the Danish general election, the Social Democratic Party retained 74 of the 179 seats, remaining the largest in the Folketing. ^[31]
• The Japanese tanker Eiho Maru ran aground three times in the River Mersey, United Kingdom. ^[32]
• Born: Ségolène Royal, French politician and presidential candidate, at the military base of Ouakam, Dakar, French West Africa (Senegal) ^[33]

September 23, 1953 (Wednesday)

• Francoist Spain and the United States of America signed the Pact of Madrid, ending a period of virtual isolation for Spain. ^[34]

September 24, 1953 (Thursday)

• US boxer Rocky Marciano retained his World Heavyweight title by defeating another American, Roland La Starza, when their New York City bout was stopped in the 11th round. ^[35]
• Died: Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba, 74, Spanish aristocrat, diplomat, politician, art collector and Olympic sportsman ^{[36] [37]}

September 25, 1953 (Friday)

• Typhoon Tess made landfall in Japan and killed at least 393 people. ^[38]
• Primate of Poland Stefan Wyszyński, imprisoned by the Communist government, was placed under house arrest in Rywałd. ^[39]

September 26, 1953 (Saturday)

• Rationing of raw sugar ended in the UK. ^[40]

September 27, 1953 (Sunday)

• RecordTV was launched in Brazil. A free-to-air television network, it became the first official regular broadcasting service in Sao Paulo. ^[41]

September 28, 1953 (Monday)

• Resort Airlines Flight 1081, a Curtiss C-46F-1-CU Commando (registration N66534) – crashed on approach to Standiford Field in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. The crash and resultant fire killed 25 of the 41 people on board. ^[42]
• Died: Edwin Hubble, 63, US astronomer, of cerebral thrombosis ^[43]

September 29, 1953 (Tuesday)

• The British Royal Navy destroyer HMS Tyrian ran aground in the North Sea off Cromer, Norfolk, England, but was later refloated. ^[44]
• Died: Ernst Reuter, 64, German politician and incumbent Mayor of West Berlin, of a heart attack. US President Dwight D. Eisenhower referred to him as "a rare combination of talents". ^[45]

September 30, 1953 (Wednesday)

• Social Democrat leader Hans Hedtoft replaced Erik Eriksen as Prime Minister of Denmark. ^[46]
• The US fishing vessel Sortland was destroyed by fire at Driftwood Bay on the coast of the Kenai Peninsula in the Territory of Alaska. ^[47]
• The decommissioned US Navy frigate USS Rockford was sunk as a torpedo target.

References

1. "Famous Air Crash Victims - Part 2: Musicians". bbc.co.uk. 2006-12-01. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
2. "September in Air Force History". Air Bridge. 927th Air Refueling Wing (November–December): 24. 1996.
3. Regina Cargo Airlines, Inc., Near Vail, Washington, September 1, 1953. U.S. Civil Aeronautics Board. 1954. p. 1.
4. "John Zorn | American saxophonist and composer | Britannica".
5. Bendazzi, Giannalberto (2015). Animation: A World History. Vol. II: The Birth of a Style - The Three Markets. CRC Press. p. 175. ISBN   9781317519911.
6. Kroker, Kenton (2007). The sleep of others : and the transformations of sleep research. University of Toronto Press. p. 357. ISBN   9780802037695.
7. J. Lascaratos; G. Kalantzis; P. Skiadas (May–June 2003). "Constantin Levaditi: An unknown pioneer in immunology research". Arch Hellen Med. 20 (3): 319–325.
8. White, Paul. "Martin, Clarence Edward (1900–1953)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISSN   1833-7538 . Retrieved 23 November 2022.
9. Charles Williams (2000) Adenauer: The Father of the New Germany, p407
10. "Bermuda Hurricane Moving North". The Times. No. 52721. London. 8 September 1953. col D, p. 8.
11. alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (L)
12. | "1953 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship results". Archived from the original on 2014-04-18. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
13. Collier's ... Year Book Covering the Year ... P.F. Collier & Son. 1954. p. 411.
14. "The Liberté Goes Aground". The Times. No. 52722. London. 9 September 1953. col F, p. 8.
15. "Turquoise". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships . Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command . Retrieved 2 May 2012.
16. 345 U.S. 41 (1953).
17. "15. Tour de Hongrie: Rajt a Sztálin térről (1953)". tdh.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved 16 July 2019.
18. "Chez Paree, Chicago". Billboard. September 26, 1953. p. 21.
19. "Italy 1953 - Qualifications". statsf1.com. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
20. Morris, Jack. "Bob Trice". sabr.org. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
21. Chrissochoidis, Ilias (ed.). CinemaScope: Selected Documents from the Spyros P. Skouras Archive. Stanford, 2013.
22. "Plane crashes, burns; 28 killed – Hits radio tower while attempting to land at Albany". Sheboygan Press . United Press. September 16, 1953. pp. 1, 18.
23. Hallion, Richard P. (January 2014). "Skyrocketing Through Mach 2: How Scott Crossfield Scored Aviation's Double-Sonic Prize". Aviation History: 34.
24. "Ernie Banks". Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
25. "Niki Lauda, Ayrton Senna und Co.: Das sind die heftigsten Unfälle der Formel-1-Geschichte". news.de (in German). 24 March 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
26. Wayne Clark  at ESPNcricinfo
27. "IV Gran Premio di Modena 1953" . Retrieved 2022-08-01.
28. C.E.R.A. (1961). Bulletin 105: The Great Third Rail. Central Electric Railfans' Association. Page IV-12
29. "The Story of the MiG-15 On Display". Factsheets. National Museum of the United States Air Force. May 12, 2015. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
30. "Liberian Crew Saved By French Liner". The Times. No. 52733. London. 22 September 1953. col D, p. 8.
31. Nohlen, Dieter; Stöver, Philip (2010). Elections in Europe: A data handbook. p. 524. ISBN   978-3-8329-5609-7.
32. "News in Brief". The Times. No. 52760. London. 23 October 1953. col G, p. 4.
33. "Ségolène Royal". World Bank . Retrieved 13 April 2017.
34. Solsten, Eric; Meditz, Sandra W., eds. (1990). Spain: a country study. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 320–321. OCLC   44200005. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
35. "Professional boxing record: Rocky Marciano" . Retrieved 27 November 2022.
36. Obituaries from the Times. Newspaper Archive Developments Limited. 1951. p. 11.
37. "Jacobo, Duque Fitz-James". Olympedia . OlyMADMen. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
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39. Stalinism in Poland, 1944–56: Selected Papers from the Fifth World Congress of Central and East European Studies, Warsaw, 1995. Palgrave Macmillan UK. 1999. p. 88. ISBN   9781349276806.
40. International Sugar Journal. International Sugar Journal. 1954. p. xliv.
41. RecordTV#History#1950s: Beginnings Retrieved January 13, 2017.
42. "Aviation Safety Network: Accident Description". aviation-safety.net.
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44. "Frigate Freed After Running Aground". The Times. No. 52740. London. 30 September 1953. col F, p. 6.
45. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Containing the Public Messages, Speeches, and Statements of the President. Federal Register Division. 1953. p. 198.
46. Heads of States and Governments Since 1945. Taylor & Francis. 2014. p. 222. ISBN   9781134264902.
47. alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (S)