Short-tailed woodstar

Short-tailed woodstar
Myrmia micrura - Short-tailed Woodstar (song)
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
CITES Appendix II (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Strisores
Order:	Apodiformes
Family:	Trochilidae
Tribe:	Mellisugini
Genus:	Myrmia Mulsant, 1876
Species:	M. micrura
Binomial name
Myrmia micrura (Gould, 1854)
Synonyms
Calothorax micrurus [3]

The short-tailed woodstar (Myrmia micrura) is a species of hummingbird in tribe Mellisugini of subfamily Trochilinae, the "bee hummingbirds". It is the only species placed in the genus Myrmia. It is found in Ecuador and Peru. ^{[4] [5]}

Taxonomy and systematics

The short-tailed woodstar was originally placed in genus Calothorax but since approximately 1876 has been placed in its current myrmia. ^[3] It is the only species in its genus and has no subspecies. ^[4]

Catamayo - Ecuador

Description

The short-tailed woodstar is about 6 cm (2.4 in) long and weighs about 2.3 g (0.081 oz). It and the gorgeted woodstar (Chaetocercus heliodor) are the smallest birds in South America, though the little woodstar (C. bombus) is only slightly longer. ^[6] It has a very short, slightly decurved, black bill. Both sexes have shining green upperparts. Males have a white stripe from the bill to below the eye. Their gorget is glittering violet and the breast white with dingy flanks. Their very short tail's central feathers are green and the rest blackish. Females lack the bright gorget; their underparts are pale buffy whitish to cinnamon buff. Their tail is like the male's with the addition of white tips on the outer feathers. ^[3]

Distribution and habitat

The short-tailed woodstar is found from the southern part of Ecuador's Manabí Province south into Peru as far as northern La Libertad Department. It inhabits arid scrub, shrublands, and gardens. It is mostly a bird of the lowlands. In Ecuador it usually occurs below 200 m (660 ft), though in Loja Province it can be found as high as 800 m (2,600 ft). Similarly, in Peru it is usually found within a few hundred meters of sea level but occurs locally as high as 1,200 m (3,900 ft). ^[3]

Behavior

Movement

The short-tailed woodstar is a year-round resident in most of its range but seems to leave the immediate coastal areas in the rainy season. ^[3]

Feeding

The short-tailed woodstar forages for nectar at all heights but most often feeds close to the ground. It also eats small arthropods. Details of its diet are lacking, but it has been recorded feeding at flowers of families Malvaceae and Fabaceae. It is often attracted to flowers planted around houses. ^[3]

Breeding

Almost everything that is known about the short-tailed woodstar's breeding phenology comes from observations in southwestern Ecuador, where the breeding season is mostly from March to May. Males make a U-shaped courtship flight. Females build a cup nest of plant down and spiderweb in a fork of a thin branch. It is typically 0.6 to 2.6 m (2 to 9 ft) above the ground. The female incubates the clutch of two eggs for 15 to 16 days and fledging occurs 22 to 23 days after hatch. ^[3]

Songs and calls Listen to short-tailed woodstar on xeno-canto

Vocalization

The male short-tailed woodstar's song, given during the display flight, is "a sweet, high series of tititi notes interspersed with a high sweee." The species' call is a "thin tchi-tchi-tchi." ^[3]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the short-tailed woodstar as being of Least Concern. It has a fairly large range, and though its population size is not known, it is believed to be stable. ^[1] It is considered fairly common to common in Ecuador and uncommon to fairly common in Peru. "At least in the short term, [it] seems to be little affected by human activities" ^[3]

References

1. BirdLife International (2016). "Short-tailed Woodstar Myrmia micrura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22688248A93189230. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22688248A93189230.en . Retrieved 23 July 2022.
2. "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
3. Schulenberg, T. S. and C. W. Sedgwick (2020). Short-tailed Woodstar (Myrmia micrura), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.shtwoo1.01 retrieved July 23, 2022
4. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2022). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 12.1. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
5. HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved 27 May 2021
6. Schulenberg, T.S.; Stotz, D.F.; Lane, D.F.; O'Neill, J.P.; Parker, T.A.; Egg, A.B. (2010). Birds of Peru: Revised and Updated Edition. Princeton University Press. p. 250. ISBN   9781400834495 . Retrieved 13 April 2015.

Further reading

• Ridgely, Robert S.; Greenfield, Paul J. (2001). The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide. Vol. II. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 293. ISBN   978-0-8014-8721-7.