Southwestern Idaho

Last updated
Southwestern Idaho
Region
My Public Lands Road Trip- Silver City Ghost Town in Idaho (18721296611).jpg
A historic building in Silver City, a ghost town located in Southwestern Idaho.
Map of Idaho highlighting Southwest Idaho.svg
Map of counties included in Southwestern Idaho (highlighted in red).
CountryFlag of the United States.svg  United States
StateFlag of Idaho.svg  Idaho
Largest city Boise
(pop.: 235,684)
Area
  Total21,728.5 sq mi (56,277 km2)
Population
 (2020)
  Total845,395
  Density38.9/sq mi (15.0/km2)
Time zone UTC−7 (Mountain)
  Summer (DST) UTC−6 (MDT)
Area code(s) 208, 986

Southwestern Idaho is a geographical term for the area along the U.S. state of Idaho's borders with Oregon and Nevada. It includes the populous areas of the Boise metropolitan area and the Treasure Valley. [1] [2]

Contents

The counties of Ada, Adams, Boise, Canyon, Elmore, Gem, Owyhee, Payette, Valley, and Washington are included in the region.

Demographics

In the 2020 Census, the ten county area had a combined population of 845,395 people; 45.9% of the state's population. [3] Ada and Canyon are the two most populous counties in Idaho, and both have (respectively) experienced a 36.6% and 31.2% growth in population since 2010, making them among the fastest growing counties in terms of population in the state. [4]

The largest city in Southwestern Idaho, and in the state, is Boise, with a population of 235,684. Other major cities include Meridian, Nampa, Caldwell, Fruitland, Weiser, Homedale, McCall, and Emmett.

History

Southwestern Idaho was originally inhabited by three main Native American tribes: the Shoshone-Bannock, the Nez Perce, and the Northern Paiute. These people were among the first inhabitants in Idaho, first living in the area as early as 12,000 years ago. [5] The Native Americans tribes were nomadic, adopting a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, and had an annual rendezvous in the Boise Valley, which also included catching salmon. [6]

Women riding in a rig in Boise, Idaho, 1910. Boise, Idaho. Women in a rig LCCN2012645671.jpg
Women riding in a rig in Boise, Idaho, 1910.

Spanish explorers in the late 1500s explored parts of the American West, including southwestern Idaho, and introduced the Native Americans of the area to pigs, horses, domestic fowl, corn, tomatoes, and garlic. After the Lewis & Clark Expedition through Idaho, French-Canadian fur trappers further explored the area. Mountain men, including Spaniards and Mexicans, lived off the land in Southwestern Idaho, trading with the Native Americans in the area. However, it wasn't until further development in Oregon, the mass exodus of settlers to the West on the Oregon, Californian, and Mormon trails, the establishment of Fort Boise, and the Idaho Gold Rush in the 1850s and 60s that settling of Southwestern Idaho began to increase. In order to support mining towns, such as Idaho City, Booneville, Ruby City, and Silver City, numerous ranching and agriculture businesses were set up in the area. [7] [8] One of the biggest ranching operations in 1869 was in Owyhee County, where an original 1,400 head of cattle was driven around the county, forging the area's cattle industry that persists today. At an unknown time, there were an estimated 100,000 head of cattle in the area of Owyhee. [8]

This piece of country is worth looking after. The lakes and streams abound with fish at this time of the year and the game is plentiful…. The Payette Lake, a beautiful sheet of water 12 miles long, in places is dotted with richly wooded inlets set like emerald gems on the bosom of the liquid mirror.

- N.B. Willey,Warren Times, 1874.

Meanwhile, communities in the forests and mountains of Southwestern Idaho began to grow. N. B. Willey, future governor of Idaho, wrote to the Warren Times, creating interest in the area around Payette Lake, the future site of McCall. In a few years, commercial fisheries would come to operation on Payette Lake, selling fresh, salted, and dried Chinook salmon and white fish to the areas in the Boise Valley. Overtime, infrastructure, including a hotel, the Meadow-to-Warren Trail (now Idaho State Highway 55), and a post office led to the southern shore of Payette Lake to become the center of mining, recreation, forestry, and agriculture for the McCall area. Over the next 20 years, expansion would continue with commercial camps, more hotels, private clubs, church camps, and scenic tours. [9]

During this time period, the Native American tribes that had inhabited Southwestern Idaho were forced onto reservations in the 1870s, with the Nez Perce War being a key conflict during this time period. By 1877, all tribes native to Southwestern Idaho were located on reservations. [10]

Rapid and exponential growth was relatively contained by the limits of agriculture and irrigation over the next half century, as Southwestern Idaho has an arid climate that makes long-term, practical farming difficult. Numerous small-scale, private companies aimed to establish irrigation in the lands outside of the easily watered lands near the Boise Valley, but were often disorganized, and had difficulty upscaling to larger areas. As such, the Casey Act, passed in 1894, allowed for the reclamation states with public lands to sell 160-acre plots of lands to farmers, which would then have irrigation districts approved by the state's office of reclamation engineering to bring irrigation to those pieces of acreage; a notable example is the Pioneer Irrigation District, established by 1900 near Caldwell and the surrounding areas (such as Notus and Middleton).

Cherry orchards, farm land, and irrigation located in Emmett, Idaho. This photo was taken in July 1941. Cherry orchards, farm lands and irrigation ditch at Emmett, Idaho LCCN2017877590.jpg
Cherry orchards, farm land, and irrigation located in Emmett, Idaho. This photo was taken in July 1941.

Idaho benefitted the most from the Casey Act, with around 60% of all land utilized by the Casey Act was located in Idaho, including Southwestern Idaho. In the early 1900s, reclamation projects, such as Arrowrock Dam, the New York Canal, the Cascade Dam, and the Anderson Ranch Dam all helped irrigate and make the area more sustainable and liveable. These projects, coupled alongside the underground pumping of water (started in 1950) continue to supply Southwestern Idaho with its necessary water supply. [11]

In recent history, three cities in Southwestern Idaho were among the fastest growing in the country: Meridian, Nampa, and Caldwell all experienced population growths greater than or equal to 5% from July 2020 to July 2021. [12] For context, Idaho is one of the fastest growing states in the United States; in 2022, census officials estimated that Idaho's population had grown by 1.8% from July 2021 to July 2022, making it the second-fastest growing state in the country. [13]

Today, Southwestern Idaho is Idaho's primary and most well-known metropolitan area, with numerous industries, with the largest (by average employees) being education and health services; trade, transportation, and utilities; professional and business services; leisure and hospitality; and construction. [14]

Education

Public education

In Southwestern Idaho, K-12 schools are often ran by school district models, including the Boise School District and Meridian School Districts. These aforementioned school districts had the highest amount of funding and reserve funds in the state for the 2020-21 school year, with the Meridian School District having over $376.5 million, and the Boise School District having over $322.7 million. Each district harbors a third of this funding in reserves. [15]

Colleges and Universities

The Idaho State Department of Commerce recognizes the following higher education facilities in Southwestern Idaho: [16]

There are also numerous extension sites in Southwestern Idaho for Idaho State University, University of Idaho, and Tresure Valley Community College. There are also other higher education facilities not listed on the Idaho State Department of Commerce's website, including Boise Bible College, Idaho Baptist College, and Northwest Lineman College.

Cities and towns

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boise, Idaho</span> Capital city of Idaho, United States

Boise is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Idaho and is the county seat of Ada County. As of the 2020 census, there were 235,684 people residing in the city. On the Boise River in southwestern Idaho, it is 41 miles (66 km) east of the Oregon border and 110 miles (177 km) north of the Nevada border. The downtown area's elevation is 2,704 feet (824 m) above sea level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Owyhee County, Idaho</span> County in Idaho, United States

Owyhee County is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,913. The county seat is Murphy, and its largest city is Homedale. In area it is the second-largest county in Idaho, behind Idaho County.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canyon County, Idaho</span> County in Idaho, United States

Canyon County is located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 231,105, which by 2022 was estimated to have risen to 251,065. making it the second-most populous county in Idaho. The county seat is Caldwell, and its largest city is Nampa. Canyon County is part of the Boise metropolitan area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boise County, Idaho</span> County in Idaho, United States

Boise County is a rural mountain county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 7,610. The county seat is historic Idaho City, which is connected through a series of paved and unpaved roads to Lowman, Centerville, Placerville, Pioneerville, Star Ranch, Crouch, Garden Valley, and Horseshoe Bend.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ada County, Idaho</span> County in Idaho, United States

Ada County is located in the southwestern part of Idaho, United States. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 494,967, which by 2022 was estimated to have risen to 518,907. Ada County is by far the state's most populous county; it is home to 26.8% of the state's population. The county seat and largest city is Boise, which is also the state capital. Ada County is included in the Boise metropolitan area. The Ada County Highway District has jurisdiction over all the local county and city streets, except for private roads and state roads. In the interior Pacific Northwest east of the Cascade Range, Ada County ranks second in population, behind Spokane County, Washington.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meridian, Idaho</span> City in Idaho, United States

Meridian is a city located in Ada County, Idaho, United States. The population was 117,635 at the 2020 census, making it the 2nd most populous city in the county and Idaho after Boise, the state capital. Meridian is considered the state's fastest-growing city and among the fastest-growing cities in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nampa, Idaho</span> City in Idaho, United States

Nampa is the most populous city in Canyon County, Idaho, United States. The population was 100,200 at the 2020 census. It is Idaho's 3rd most populous city. Nampa is about 20 miles (32 km) west of Boise along Interstate 84, and 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Meridian. It is the second principal city of the Boise metropolitan area. The name "Nampa" may have come from a Shoshoni word meaning either 'moccasin' or 'footprint'. According to toponymist William O. Bright the name comes from the Shoshoni word /nampai/, meaning "foot".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emmett, Idaho</span> City in Idaho, United States

Emmett is a city in Gem County, Idaho, United States. The population was 6,557 at the 2010 census, up from 5,490 in 2000. It is the county seat and the only city in the county. Emmett is part of the Boise−Nampa, Idaho Metropolitan Statistical Area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boise metropolitan area</span> Metropolitan Statistical Area in the United States

The Boise, Idaho Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is an area that encompasses Ada, Boise, Canyon, Gem, and Owyhee counties in southwestern Idaho, anchored by the cities of Boise and Nampa. It is the main component of the wider Boise–Mountain Home–Ontario, ID–OR Combined Statistical Area, which adds Elmore and Payette counties in Idaho and Malheur County, Oregon. It is the state's largest officially designated metropolitan area and includes Idaho's three largest cities: Boise, Nampa, and Meridian. Nearly 40 percent of Idaho's total population lives in the area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Treasure Valley</span> Metropolitan area and river valley in southwestern Idaho

The Treasure Valley is a valley in the western United States, primarily in southwestern Idaho, where the Payette, Boise, Weiser, Malheur, and Owyhee rivers drain into the Snake River. It includes all the lowland areas from Vale in rural eastern Oregon to Boise, and is the most populated area in Idaho.

The Boise Metropolitan Statistical Area is served by six major television stations, two daily newspapers, three major weekly newspapers and 19 major commercial radio stations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge</span> Breeding area for mammals, birds, and other animals

The Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge is an important breeding area for mammals, birds, and other animals. The National Wildlife Refuge is located on land surrounding Lake Lowell, just outside Nampa, Idaho. It serves as a resting and wintering area for birds, including mallards and Canada geese, along the Pacific Flyway and was named a "Globally Important Bird Area" by the American Bird Conservancy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">College of Western Idaho</span> Community college in Boise and Nampa, Idaho, U.S.

College of Western Idaho (CWI) is a public community college in Southwest Idaho with its primary campus locations in Boise and Nampa. CWI also offers classes at several community locations throughout the Treasure Valley. It is one of four comprehensive community colleges in Idaho and is governed by a five-member board of trustees elected at large by voters in Ada and Canyon counties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Idaho State Highway 55</span> State highway in Idaho, United States

State Highway 55 (SH-55) is an Idaho highway from Marsing to New Meadows, connecting with US-95 at both ends.

Tourtellotte & Hummel was an American architectural firm from Boise, Idaho and Portland, Oregon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deer Flat Upper Embankment</span> Dam in Idaho, United States

Deer Flat Upper Embankment is a dam in the western United States in southwestern Idaho. Located in the Treasure Valley in Canyon County, it is directly southwest of Nampa.

Daniel Thomas Eismann was an American lawyer and judge from Idaho. He was a retired justice of the Idaho Supreme Court. Elected to the court in 2000, he was chief justice from 2007 to 2011, and stepped down from the court in 2017.

Claytonia is an unincorporated community in Owyhee County in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Idaho.

References

  1. "Discover Southwest Idaho | Boise Idaho Information & More". Visit Idaho. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
  2. Brent Thomas, Idaho Fish and Game. "Southwest Region | Idaho Hunt Planner". idfg.idaho.gov. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
  3. "2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  4. "Population of Counties in Idaho (2024)". World Population Review. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  5. "Boise National Forest: History & Culture". U.S. Forest Service. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  6. Boise, City of (2013). "History of Boise; City of Boise, Boise Department of Arts & History, Idaho Statesman" (PDF). City of Boise. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 7, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
  7. "Idaho - History and Heritage". Smithsonian Magazine. 6 November 2007.
  8. 1 2 "COMMUNITY - Owyhee County, Idaho". Owyhee County. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  9. "Historic Information". McCall Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  10. "Tribal History: Organized under the auspices of the Idaho Supreme Court". Tribal State Court Forum. State of Idaho Judicial Branch. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  11. "IRRIGATION IN IDAHO" (PDF). Idaho State Historical Society. June 1971. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  12. Ravikumar, Vandana (31 May 2022). "Three Idaho are among the 15 fastest-growing in the country, Census Bureau".
  13. Corbin, Clark (4 January 2023). "Idaho was second-fastest growing state in the U.S. in 2022".
  14. "Southwest Idaho Labor Force And Economic Profile" (PDF). Idaho Department of Labor. December 2023.
  15. Kaitlyn Shepherd (2 September 2022). "IDAHO SCHOOL DISTRICTS HAVE MILLIONS OF DOLLARS ON HAND. ARE THEY REALLY UNDERFUNDED?". Idaho Freedom Foundation.
  16. "Idaho Colleges and Universities". Idaho State Department of Commerce. Idaho State Department of Commerce.

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