Streptogramin

Pristinamycin IA, a natural member of the streptogramin B class

Pristinamycin IIA, a natural member of the streptogramin A class

Streptogramins are a class of antibiotics. They work as protein synthesis inhibitors. ^[1]

Streptogramins are effective in the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), two of the most rapidly growing strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria. They fall into two groups: streptogramin A (23-membered macrolide) and streptogramin B (depsipeptide). The two groups act synergistically. They are naturally produced in a 3:7 ratio; most formulations keep this ratio. ^[2]

Members include:

• Quinupristin/dalfopristin, made by chemically modifying pristinamycin (semisynthesis)
• Pristinamycin, made by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis
• Virginiamycin, made by Streptomyces virginiae and others
• Linopristin/flopristin, made by semisynthesis. experimental streptogramin in clinical trials for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. ^[3]
• Etamycin, a streptogramin B. ^[4]

References

1. University of Leeds: Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Archived 2007-04-28 at the Wayback Machine
2. Aronson, J.K., ed. (2016). "Streptogramins". Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs. p. 499. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53717-1.01472-4. ISBN   978-0-444-53716-4. Streptogramins [1] are a class of antibiotics of two types, streptogramin A and streptogramin B. Separately, group A and group B streptogramins are bacteriostatic, by reversible binding to the 50S subunit of 70S bacterial ribosomes. Together, however, streptogramins from each group are synergic and bactericidal.
3. Boucher, Helen W.; Talbot, George H.; Bradley, John S.; Edwards, John E.; Gilbert, David; Rice, Louis B.; Scheld, Michael; Spellberg, Brad; Bartlett, John (January 2009). "Bad Bugs, No Drugs: No ESKAPE! An Update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 48 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1086/595011. PMID   19035777.
4. Haste, Nina M; Perera, Varahenage R; Maloney, Katherine N; Tran, Dan N; Jensen, Paul; Fenical, William; Nizet, Victor; Hensler, Mary E (2010). "Activity of the streptogramin antibiotic etamycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus". Journal of Antibiotics. 63 (5): 219–24. doi:10.1038/ja.2010.22. PMC   2889693 . PMID   20339399.

Further reading

• De Simeis, D; Serra, S (22 April 2021). "Actinomycetes: A Never-Ending Source of Bioactive Compounds-An Overview on Antibiotics Production". Antibiotics. 10 (5): 483. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10050483 . PMC   8143475 . PMID   33922100.
• Mukhtar, Tariq A.; Wright, Gerard D. (February 2005). "Streptogramins, Oxazolidinones, and Other Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis". Chemical Reviews. 105 (2): 529–542. doi:10.1021/cr030110z. PMID   15700955.