Streptogramin

Pristinamycin IA, a natural member of the streptogramin B class

Pristinamycin IIA, a natural member of the streptogramin A class

Streptogramins are a class of antibiotics. They work as protein synthesis inhibitors. ^[1]

Streptogramins are effective in the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), two of the most rapidly growing strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria. They fall into two groups: streptogramin A (23-membered macrolide) and streptogramin B (depsipeptide). The two groups act synergistically. They are naturally produced in a 3:7 ratio; most formulations keep this ratio. ^[2]

Members include:

• Quinupristin/dalfopristin, made by chemically modifying pristinamycin (semisynthesis)
• Pristinamycin, made by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis
• Virginiamycin, made by Streptomyces virginiae and others
• Linopristin/flopristin, made by semisynthesis. experimental streptogramin in clinical trials for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. ^[3]
• Etamycin, a streptogramin B. ^[4]

References

1. "Antimicrobial Chemotherapy". University of Leeds. Archived from the original on 2007-04-28.
2. Aronson J, ed. (2016). "Streptogramins". Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs. p. 499. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53717-1.01472-4. ISBN   978-0-444-53716-4. Streptogramins [1] are a class of antibiotics of two types, streptogramin A and streptogramin B. Separately, group A and group B streptogramins are bacteriostatic, by reversible binding to the 50S subunit of 70S bacterial ribosomes. Together, however, streptogramins from each group are synergic and bactericidal.
3. Boucher HW, Talbot GH, Bradley JS, Edwards JE, Gilbert D, Rice LB, et al. (January 2009). "Bad bugs, no drugs: no ESKAPE! An update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 48 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1086/595011. PMID   19035777.
4. Haste NM, Perera VR, Maloney KN, Tran DN, Jensen P, Fenical W, et al. (May 2010). "Activity of the streptogramin antibiotic etamycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus". The Journal of Antibiotics. 63 (5): 219–224. doi:10.1038/ja.2010.22. PMC   2889693 . PMID   20339399.

Further reading

• De Simeis D, Serra S (April 2021). "Actinomycetes: A Never-Ending Source of Bioactive Compounds-An Overview on Antibiotics Production". Antibiotics. 10 (5): 483. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10050483 . PMC   8143475 . PMID   33922100.
• Mukhtar TA, Wright GD (February 2005). "Streptogramins, oxazolidinones, and other inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis". Chemical Reviews. 105 (2): 529–542. Bibcode:2005ChRv..105..529M. doi:10.1021/cr030110z. PMID   15700955.