Teja Singh | |
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 Teja Singh | |
| Born | Teja singh 2 June 1894 Adiala village, Rawalpindi district |
| Died | 10 January 1958 (aged 63) |
| Occupation | Writer, scholar |
| Language | Punjabi |
| Education | Master's degree in English literature |
| Genre | Essays, Critical |
Teja Singh was an Indian Sikh scholar, teacher, author and translator. [1]
Born of Bhai Bhalakar Singh and Srusti on June 2, 1894, in Adiala village, district Rawalpindi, Punjab. He grazed livestock and studied within the village until 1908, when we moved to Rawalpindi to garner a further and better education. [2]
Punjab is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India. The boundaries of the region are ill-defined and focus on historical accounts.
Punjab is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, with a population of about 110,000,000 as of 2021. Forming the bulk of the transnational Punjab region of Pakistan and India, it is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the enclave of Islamabad, and Pakistan administered Azad Kashmir. It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab, Rajasthan, and Jammu and Kashmir union territory. The capital is Lahore, a cultural, historical, economic and cosmopolitan centre of Pakistan where the country's cinema industry, and much of its fashion industry, are based. The largest cities of Punjab are Lahore and Faisalabad respectively. Faisalabad is the largest industrial city of Punjab. Punjab is also the world's fifth-most populous subnational entity, and the most populous outside China or India.
Sikhs are people who adhere to Sikhism, a monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Guru Nanak. The term Sikh has its origin in the word śiṣya (शिष्य), meaning 'disciple' or 'student'.
Rawalpindi, colloquially known as Pindi, is the capital city of Rawalpindi Division located in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Rawalpindi is the fourth-largest city proper in Pakistan after Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad respectively while the larger Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the country's third largest metropolitan area. Rawalpindi is adjacent to Pakistan's capital of Islamabad, and the two are jointly known as the "twin cities" on account of strong social and economic links between the cities.
Gujrat is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is the capital of Gujrat District and it is the 20th largest city of Pakistan by population. Along with the nearby cities of Sialkot and Gujranwala, Gujrat forms part of the Golden Triangle of industrial cities with export-oriented economies.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh, popularly known as Sher-e-Punjab or "Lion of Punjab", was the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire, which ruled the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century. He survived smallpox in infancy but lost sight in his left eye. He fought his first battle alongside his father at age 10. After his father died, he fought several wars to expel the Afghans in his teenage years and was proclaimed as the "Maharaja of Punjab" at age 21. His empire grew in the Punjab region under his leadership through 1839.
The Punjabis or the Punjabi people, are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group associated with the Punjab region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent presently divided between Pakistani Punjab and Indian Punjab. They speak Punjabi, a language from the Indo-Aryan language family. The term Punjab means the five waters from Persian: panj ("five") and āb ("waters"). The name of the region was introduced by the Turko-Persian conquerors of the Indian subcontinent.
The Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee is an organization in India responsible for the management of gurdwaras, Sikh places of worship in three states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh and union territory of Chandigarh. SGPC also administers Darbar Sahib in Amritsar.
Khokhar are a community of Punjab region who currently reside in adjoining areas of India and Pakistan. The word Khokhar itself means "Bloodthirsty" and its origin is from Persian Language. In India, Khokhars are Hindu and Sikh while in Pakistan, they are Muslims. Khokhars are believed to have converted to Islam after coming under the influence of Baba Fariduddin Ganjshakar. The Persian historian of the medieval period, Firishta, has called the then Khokhar people a "barbaric caste without religion and morality".
Majha is a region located in the central parts of the historical Punjab region split between India and Pakistan. It extends north from the right banks of the river Beas, and reaches as far north as the river Jhelum. People of the Majha region are given the demonym "Mājhī". Most inhabitants of the region speak the Majhi dialect, which is the basis of the standard register of the Punjabi language. The most populous city in the area is Lahore on the Pakistani side, and Amritsar on the Indian side of the border.
Sikhism was coined by Guru Gobind Singh Ji. He was the tenth Guru of the 17 century in the Punjab region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The Faith practices were formalised by Guru Gobind Singh Ji on 13 April 1699. The latter baptised five Sikh people from different parts of India and had different social backgrounds to form Khalsa (ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ). The first five, Pure Ones, then baptised Gobind Singh ji into the Khalsa fold. This gives the order of Khalsa, a history of around 300 years.
Thoha Khalsa, is a town in the Kahuta Tehsil Rawalpindi District Punjab province of Pakistan.
Harjinder Singh Dilgeer He is the only author who has written Complete History of the Sikhs and has translated Guru Granth Sahib in English and has published NEW MAHAN KOSH Encyclopedia of Sikh literature and Punjab & Sikh History {3 of the 4 volumes of the NEW Mahan Kosh have been published in March 2021. He has written in detail about the concept and the history of Akal Takht Sahib, Sikh culture, Shiromani Akali Dal, the history of Anandpur Sahib, and Kiratpur Sahib, Dictionary of Sikh Philosophy etc. The Sikh Reference Book is his magnum opus. 'The Sikh Reference Book' is an encyclopaedia consisting of more than 2400 biographies, complete chronology of Sikh history, 400 concepts of Sikh philosophy as well more than 800 Sikh shrines. He has produced a Sikh Encyclopedia CD-ROM. His latest books are Encyclopedia of Jalandhar (English), Banda Singh Bahadur, Sikh Twareekh in five volumes, Sikh History in ten volumes ; and English translations of Nitnaym and Sukhmani Sahib.. His latest work is English translation of Guru Granth Sahib, in seven volumes and NEW MAHAN KOSH, published in March 2021. Dilgeer as a poet: Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer is a good poet also. He writes both in Urdu and Punjabi. His poetry works include: Eskimo Smile (Punjabi), Jujharoo Kalaam (Punjabi), Dilgeerian and Diwan-i-Dilgeer (Urdu).
Mohan Singh (1905–1978) was a noted Indian poet of Punjabi language and academic, and one of the early pioneers of modern Punjabi poetry.
The Nakai Misl, founded by Sandhu Jats, was one of the twelve Sikh Misls that later became the Sikh Empire. It held territory between the Ravi and Sutlej rivers to the southwest of Lahore in what is now modern-day Pakistan. The misl fought against the Sials, the Pathans and the Kharals before being incorporated into the Sikh Empire of the Sukerchakia Misl by Ranjit Singh.
Banda Singh Bahadur, was a Sikh warrior and a commander of Khalsa army. At age 15, he left home to become an ascetic, and was given the name Madho Das Bairagi. He established a monastery at Nānded, on the bank of the river Godāvarī. In 1707, Guru Gobind Singh accepted an invitation to meet Bahadur Shah I in southern India. He visited Banda Singh Bahadur in 1708. Banda became disciple of Guru Gobind Singh and was given a new name, Banda Singh Bahadur, after the Baptism Ceremony. He was given five arrows by the Guru as a blessing for the battles ahead. He came to Khanda in Sonipat and assembled a fighting force and led the struggle against the Mughal Empire.
The Janjua is a Punjabi Rajput clan predominantly found in northern Punjab's Pothohar Plateau in Pakistan.
The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) is a centre-right Sikh-centric state political party in Punjab, India. The party is the second-oldest in India, after Congress, being founded in 1920. Although there are many parties with the description Akali Dal, generally the party that is recognised as "Shiromani Akali Dal" by the Election Commission of India is the one led by Sukhbir Singh Badal. It controls Sikh religious bodies, the Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee and the Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee and it is the largest and most influential Sikh political party worldwide. The basic philosophy of Akali Dal was to give a political voice to Sikh issues and it believed that religion and politics go hand in hand but after the 1996 Moga Conference the party adopted a moderate Punjabi secular agenda. On 26 September 2020, they left the NDA over the farms bill.
Khem Singh Bedi KCIE claims he was a direct descendant of Guru Nanak, a leader, founder of the Singh Sabha in 1873. It instituted many charitable causes for Sikhs, was a landowner and politician in the Punjab during the British Raj.
Hinduism is a minority religion in Punjab province of Pakistan followed by about 0.2% of its population. Punjab has the second largest number of Hindus in Pakistan after Sindh. Hinduism is followed mainly in the Southern Punjab districts of Rahim Yar Khan and Bahawalpur.
Modern Sikh writers (1848 to date) | |
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