Timeline of Utrecht

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Utrecht, Netherlands.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 18th century

Document confirming Utrecht town privileges, 1122

According to tradition Trijn van Leemput initiated demolition of Vredenburg castle in 1577

Map of Utrecht, around 1714.

• ~50 AD - Roman fortress built on what is now the Dom square as part of the Limes Germanicus. Named Traiectum to signify it was at a crossing of what was at that time the main branch of the Rhine (now the Oude Gracht)
• ~200 AD - Wooden fortress walls upgraded to imported tuff stone. Parts of these wall survive to date
• ~270 AD - Limes Germanicus including the fortress at Trajectum abandoned due to continued invasions.
• 636 - Chapel built by Dagobert I within the walls of the abandoned Roman fortress. ^[1]
• 695 - Catholic diocese of Utrecht established. ^[2]
• 720 - St. Martin's church founded by Willibrord (approximate date). ^[1]
• 918 - Balderic becomes bishop. ^[1]
• 1122
  • 22 June: Town privileges confirmed by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor. ^[1]
  • Oudegracht (canal) construction begins.
• 1145 - Smeetoren  [ nl ] (tower) built (approximate date).
• 1267 - St. Martin's Cathedral built. ^[1]
• 1279 - Buurkerk (church) rebuilding begins.
• 1370 - Public clock installed (approximate date). ^[3]
• 1382 - St. Martin's Cathedral tower built. ^[4]
• 1393 - Nieuwegracht (Utrecht)  [ nl ] (moat) constructed.
• 1432 - Kleine Vleeshal  [ nl ] built.
• 1440
  • Guildhall St. Eloy's Hospice in use.
  • Illuminated manuscript Hours of Catherine of Cleves created in Utrecht (approximate date). ^[5]
• 1455 - 7 April: Gijsbrecht van Brederode becomes bishop elect of Utrecht after being elected by the chapters.
• 1455 - 13 September: David of Burgundy becomes bishop of Utrecht by papal appointment. ^[6]
• 1459 - 2 March: Adriaan Florensz, the later Pope Adrian VI born.
• 1470-4 - First Utrecht Civil War to quell continued opposition to his rule David of Burgundy imprisons Gijsbrecht van Brederode leading to the first Utrecht civil war.
• 1471 - Printing press in operation (approximate date). ^[7]
• 1481-3 - Second Utrecht Civil War, David of Burgundy temporarily removed from power, but restored after the Siege of Utrecht (1483)
• 1517 - Paushuize  [ nl ] (residence) built. ^[1]
• 1528 - Lordship of Utrecht established.
• 1532 - Vredenburg (castle) built.
• 1550 - St. Catherine Cathedral built (approximate date). ^[1]
• 1577 - Demolition of Vredenburg castle begins.
• 1579 - 23 January: Treaty unifying northern provinces of the Netherlands signed in Utrecht. ^[1]
• 1584 - Catholic property secularized. ^[8]
• 1586 - Calvinists in power. ^[8]
• 1620s - Utrecht Caravaggisti artists active. ^[9]
• 1636 - Utrecht University ^[4] and its library established. ^[10]
• 1637 - Grote Vleeshuis  [ nl ] built. ^[1]
• 1644 - Schilders-Collegie founded. ^[11]
• 1672-3 - Occupation by French forces. ^{[8] [12]}
• 1674 - 1 August: 1674 Netherlands storm  [ nl ]. Major damage to several landmark building, most notably the collapse of the nave of the Dom church. ^[8]

18th-19th centuries

• 1713 - International peace treaty relating to the War of the Spanish Succession signed in Utrecht. ^[1]
• 1773 - Provincial Utrecht Society of Arts and Sciences  [ nl ] founded. ^[13]
• 1787 - 9 May: Prussians in power. ^[14]
• 1795 - 18 January: Utrecht "acquired by the French." ^[14]
• 1807 - Genootschap Kunstliefde  [ nl ] (art society) formed.
• 1808 - Jewish cemetery, Utrecht  [ nl ] established. ^[15]
• 1813 - Jan van den Velden  [ nl ] becomes mayor.
• 1816 - Utrechtsch Studenten Corps  [ nl ] (student society) founded.
• 1823
  • Abstede, Catharijne, Lauwerecht, and Tolsteeg become part of city.^{[ citation needed ]}
  • Oorsprongpark (Utrecht)  [ nl ] opens.
• 1830 - Utrecht City Hall  [ nl ] built. ^[4]
• 1838 - City Museum of Antiquities opens.
• 1843 - Utrecht Centraal railway station opens.
• 1853 - Sonnenborgh Observatory established.
• 1866 - Population: 58,607 in city; 172,487 in province. ^[16]
• 1872 - Aartsbisschoppelijk Museum opens. ^[17]
• 1873 - Museum Kunstliefde established. ^[17]
• 1879 - Regional Utrecht State Archives established. ^[18]
• 1884
  • Utrechtsch Museum van Kunstnijverheid  [ nl ] (applied arts museum) opens.
  • Population: 74,364. ^[19]
• 1892 - Public library established. ^[10]
• 1893 - Utrechts Nieuwsblad  [ nl ] (newspaper) begins publication.
• 1894 - Utrecht City Orchestra  [ nl ] founded.
• 1898 - Wilhelminapark (Utrecht)  [ nl ] opens.

20th century

• 1902 - Aartsbisschoppelijk Paleis van Utrecht  [ nl ] built.
• 1906 - Gemeentetram Utrecht  [ nl ] (electric tram) begins operating.
• 1908 - Bioscoop Vreeburg  [ nl ] (cinema) opens.
• 1913 - Rembrandt Bioscoop-Theater  [ nl ] (cinema) opens. ^[20]
• 1914 - Old Catholic St. Gertrude's Cathedral built.
• 1916 - Nationale Bankvereeniging (bank) established. ^[21]
• 1919 - Population: 138,334. ^[22]
• 1921 - Centraal Museum established.
• 1924 - Rietveld Schröder House built in the De Stijl design mode.
• 1927 - Louis Hartlooper Complex  [ nl ] construction begins (approximate date).
• 1940 - Population: 165,029.
• 1950 - Population: 193,190.
• 1954 - Oudenrijn (section) and Zuilen become part of city.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1960 - Population: 254,186.
• 1961 - Neudeflat  [ nl ] built.
• 1967 - 12 June: 1967 Utrecht explosion  [ nl ] in Lage Weide  [ nl ].
• 1968 - Sarasani  [ nl ] cannabis coffee shop in business.
• 1970 - Football Club Utrecht formed.
• 1970s - part of moat converted to motorway. ^{[23] [24]}
• 1976 - Westraven  [ nl ] hi-rise built.
• 1978 - Springhaver  [ nl ] cinema opens. ^[20]
• 1979 - Muziekcentrum Vredenburg (concert hall) and Museum Catharijneconvent open.
• 1980 - Population: 237,037 municipality. ^[25]
• 1985 - May: Catholic pope visits Utrecht.
• 1987 - Leefbaarheidsbudget (participatory budgeting) introduced. ^[26]
• 1998 - City Utrecht Archive established.
• 2000 - Population: 233,667.

21st century

• 2001 - Vleuten-De Meern becomes part of city.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 2002 - Regio Randstad regional governance group formed. ^[27]
• 2006 - Dick Bruna House  [ nl ] museum opens. ^[28]
• 2008 - Galghenwert  [ nl ] hi-rise built.
• 2011 - Rabobank Bestuurscentrum hi-rise built.
• 2012 - Utrecht befriends the city of Portland, Oregon, USA. ^[29]
• 2013 - Population: 321,916 municipality. ^[25]
• 2014
  • TivoliVredenburg concert hall opens.
  • Jan van Zanen becomes mayor.
• 2015 - July: 2015 Tour de France cycling race starts from Utrecht.
• 2017
  • May: Basic income pilot to begin. ^[30]
  • August: Bicycle parking garage opens. ^[31]
• 2019 - March: 2019 Utrecht shooting
• 2020 - September: re-conversion of motorway back to moat/canal completed. ^{[23] [24]}

See also

• Utrecht history
• History of Utrecht  [ nl ]
• List of mayors of Utrecht
• List of bishops of Utrecht  [ nl ]
• List of rijksmonuments in Utrecht (city)  [ nl ]
• List of tallest buildings in Utrecht (city)  [ nl ]
• History of Utrecht province  [ nl ]
• Timelines of other municipalities in the Netherlands: Amsterdam, Breda, Delft, Eindhoven, Groningen, Haarlem, The Hague, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leiden, Maastricht, Nijmegen, Rotterdam

References

1. Britannica 1910.
2. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: The Netherlands". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo . Retrieved 30 October 2015.
3. Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN   978-0-226-15510-4.
4. William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Utrecht". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
5. "Low Countries, 1400–1600 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
6. Joop W. Koopmans; Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-6444-3.
7. Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Holland: Utrecht". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450632 – via HathiTrust.
8. Ring 1995.
9. "Low Countries, 1600–1800 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 30 October 2015.
10. Paul Schneiders (1998). "Libraries in the Netherlands" (PDF). IFLA Journal . International Federation of Library Associations. 24.
11. Claartje Rasterhoff (2014). "The spatial side of innovation: the local organization of cultural production in the Dutch Republic, 1580-1800". In Karel Davids; Bert De Munck (eds.). Innovation and Creativity in Late Medieval and Early Modern European Cities. Ashgate. pp. 161–188. ISBN   978-1-4724-3989-5.
12. "Timeline Dutch History". Rijksmuseum . Retrieved 30 October 2015.
13. Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
14. Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Utrecht", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t – via HathiTrust
15. "Utrecht". Four hundred years of Dutch Jewry. Amsterdam: Joods Historisch Museum . Retrieved 30 October 2015.
16. "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590337.
17. "Departement van Binnenlandsche Zaken: Kunsten en wetenschappen (Department of Interior: Arts and Sciences)", Staatsalmanak  [ nl ] voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden 1885[State Year Book for the Kingdom of the Netherlands] (in Dutch), Utrecht: Broese  [ nl ], 1884
18. "Rijksarchief in de provincie Utrecht", Het Utrechts Archief (in Dutch), retrieved 30 October 2015
19. "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469.
20. "Movie Theaters in Utrecht, Netherlands". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
21. "The Netherlands". International Banking Directory. Bankers Publishing Company. 1920.
22. "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
23. "Joining the circle: Utrecht removes road to be ringed by water once more". DutchNews.nl. 11 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
24. Boffey, Daniel (14 September 2020). "Utrecht restores historic canal made into motorway in 1970s". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
25. "Population dynamics; birth, death and migration per region: Municipality Utrecht". StatLine. Statistics Netherlands. 2014.
26. "Leefbaarheidsbudget Participatory Budgeting (Utrecht, Netherlands)". Participedia. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
27. Randstad Holland, Netherlands. OECD Territorial Reviews. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2007. ISBN   978-92-64-00793-2.
28. Joop W. Koopmans; Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-6444-3.
29. "Sister Cities". USA: City of Portland, Oregon. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
30. "Utrecht eerste gemeente met proef 'regelarme bijstand'", NRC (in Dutch), Amsterdam, 20 February 2017
31. Dutch build vital new infrastructure: world's biggest bike parking lot, Reuters, 21 August 2017

Bibliography

Published in the 18th–19th centuries

In English

• Thomas Nugent (1749), "Utrecht", The Grand Tour, vol. 1: Netherlands, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762598
• "Utrecht". A Geographical, Historical and Political Description of the Empire of Germany, Holland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Prussia, Italy, Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia: With a Gazetteer. London: John Stockdale. 1800. OCLC   79519893.
• Abraham Rees (1819), "Utrecht", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t3vt1xd50
• "Utrecht". Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium (4th ed.). Paris: A. and W. Galignani. 1822. hdl:2027/njp.32101073846667.
• "Utrecht", Handbook for Travellers in Holland and Belgium (20th ed.), London: John Murray, 1881, hdl:2027/hvd.hn2ha2 – via HathiTrust (+ 1851 ed.)
• W. Pembroke Fetridge (1885). "Utrecht". Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East. New York: Harper & Brothers.

In other languages

• Abraham Jacob van der Aa (1848). "Utrecht". Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden[Geographical dictionary of the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Vol. 11. Gorinchem: Jacobus Noorduyn – via HathiTrust.
• Volledig adresboek der stad Utrecht ... 1863-1864 [Directory of the City of Utrecht] (in Dutch). J. Van Boekhoven. 1863.
• Samuel Muller Fz. [in Dutch] (1878). Catalogus van den topographischen atlas der provincie Utrecht (in Dutch). Beijers. (bibliography)
• H. T. Luks (1891). "Utrecht". Belgien und Holland. Griebens Reise-Bibliothek (in German) (5th ed.). Berlin: Albert Goldschmidt.

Published in the 20th century

In English

• "Utrecht". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t56d64f6t.
• "Utrecht", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 12, New York, 1907, hdl:2027/osu.32435029752839
• Charles Bertram Black (1908), "Utrecht", Holland: its Rail, Tram, and Waterways (3rd ed.), London: A. and C. Black (+ 1876 ed.)
• Edmundson, George (1910). "Utrecht (city)"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 27 (11th ed.). pp. 824–826.
• George Wharton Edwards (1909). "Utrecht". Holland of To-day. New York: Moffat, Yard & Company.
• "Utrecht". Belgium and Holland (15th ed.). Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1910. OCLC   397759. (+ 1881 ed.)
• "Archdiocese of Utrecht", Catholic Encyclopedia, New York, 1913, hdl:2027/nyp.33433070780394
• Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Utrecht". Northern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 762+. ISBN   978-1-136-63944-9.

In Dutch

• Henri Zondervan, ed. (1922), "Utrecht", Winkler Prins' Geillustreerde Encyclopaedie (in Dutch), vol. 16 (4th ed.), Amsterdam: Uitgevers-Maatschappy "Elsevier", hdl:2027/mdp.39015068347908
• G. van Herwijnen, ed. (1978). "Utrecht". Bibliografie van de stedengeschiedenis van Nederland[Bibliography of Urban History in the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Brill. ISBN   90-04-05700-5.

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Utrecht, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Utrecht, various dates