Timeline of the 1994 Pacific hurricane season

Last updated

Timeline of the
1994 Pacific hurricane season
1994 Pacific hurricane season summary map.png
Season summary map
Season boundaries
First system formedJune 18, 1994
Last system dissipatedOctober 26, 1994
Strongest system
By maximum sustained winds John
Maximum winds175 mph (280 km/h)
(1-minute sustained)
Lowest pressure929 mbar (hPa; 27.43 inHg)
By central pressure Gilma
Maximum winds160 mph (260 km/h)
(1-minute sustained)
Lowest pressure920 mbar (hPa; 27.17 inHg)
Longest lasting system
NameJohn
Duration18.75 [nb 1] days
Storm articles
Other years
1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996

The 1994 Pacific hurricane season consisted of the events that occurred in the annual cycle of tropical cyclogenesis over the Pacific Ocean north of the Equator and east of the International Date Line. The official bounds of each Pacific hurricane season are dates that conventionally delimit the period each year during which tropical cyclones tend to form in the basin according to the National Hurricane Center, beginning on May 15 in the Eastern Pacific proper (east of 140°W) and on June 1 in the Central Pacific (140°W to the International Date Line), and ending on November 30 in both areas. [2] Activity in the 1994 season was considerably greater than average, particularly in the Central Pacific; tropical cyclones generally formed and intensified farther west than normal due in part to above-average sea surface temperatures over the southeastern portion of the Central Pacific and the prevalence of a large anticyclone near 140°W for much of July and August. [3] El Niño conditions, which tend to cause increased tropical cyclone activity over the Pacific Ocean, were also present. [4] Despite the high activity, the season had an unusually late start; [5] it did not commence until the formation of Tropical Storm Aletta on June 18. The season ended on October 26 with the dissipation of Tropical Storm Nona.

Contents

A total of 22  tropical depressions formed, with all but two strengthening into named tropical storms; ten became hurricanes, of which five became major hurricanes (Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale). [3] [6] Three hurricanes – Emilia, Gilma, and John  –reached Category 5 intensity, the highest rating on the scale. This set a record for most Category 5 hurricanes in one season since records began in 1971, which would later be tied in 2002 and 2018. [7] Hurricane John traversed the Pacific Ocean for 8,190 miles (13,180 km), making it the farthest-traveling tropical cyclone on record worldwide. [8] [9] Lasting for 30 days, [nb 2] John was also the longest-lived tropical cyclone on record globally until Cyclone Freddy, which spent at least 34 days as a tropical cyclone in February and March 2023. [11] [12] [13] The storms of the 1994 season collectively generated an Accumulated Cyclone Energy index of 185.2 units, which is the eleventh-highest on record for a Pacific hurricane season as of March 2024. [nb 3] [15]

Only one tropical cyclone, Hurricane Rosa in October, caused fatalities or made landfall during the 1994 season. It struck the Mexican state of Sinaloa at Category 2 strength, killing five people in the country. [3] Proceeding rapidly northeastward across Mexico and into the United States after landfall, the storm and its remnants caused disastrous flooding in southeastern Texas that claimed more than 20 lives and wrought at least $700 million (1994  USD) in damage. [16] Earlier in the season, Tropical Depression One-C and Hurricane John caused minor impacts in the Central Pacific. Heavy rainfall from One-C generated substantial flooding on the Big Island of Hawaii, resulting in damages estimated at up to $5 million (1994 USD). [6] After weakening greatly from its peak intensity, John passed about 15 mi (25 km) to the north of Johnston Atoll as a strong Category 1 hurricane; high winds caused $15 million (1994 USD) in damage. [6]

Prior to 2015, two time zones were utilized in the Eastern Pacific basin: Pacific east of 140°W, and Hawaii−Aleutian from 140°W to the International Date Line. [17] [18] For convenience, each event is listed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) first, using the 24-hour clock (where 00:00 = midnight UTC), [19] with the respective local time included in parentheses. Figures for maximum sustained winds and position estimates are rounded to the nearest five units (knots, miles, or kilometers) and averaged over one minute, following National Hurricane Center practice. Direct wind observations are rounded to the nearest whole number. Atmospheric pressures are listed to the nearest millibar and nearest hundredth of an inch of mercury. This timeline documents the formation of tropical cyclones as well as the strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, and dissipations during the season. It also includes information that was not released while the storm was active, meaning that data from post-storm reviews by the National Hurricane Center and the Central Pacific Hurricane Center is included.

Timeline of events

Hurricane Rosa (1994)Hurricane John (1994)Hurricane Gilma (1994)Hurricane Emilia (1994)Saffir-Simpson Hurricane ScaleTimeline of the 1994 Pacific hurricane season

May

May 15

  • The 1994 Eastern Pacific hurricane season officially begins. [2]
  • No tropical cyclones formed in May.

June

June 1

  • The 1994 Central Pacific hurricane season officially begins. [2]

June 18

Storm path of Tropical Storm Aletta Aletta 1994 track.png
Storm path of Tropical Storm Aletta

June 19

June 20

June 21

June 23

June 27

Satellite image of Tropical Storm Bud shortly after being upgraded and receiving a name late on June 27 Bud 1994-06-27 2030Z.png
Satellite image of Tropical Storm Bud shortly after being upgraded and receiving a name late on June 27

June 28

June 29

June 30

Satellite image of Hurricane Carlotta near peak intensity late on June 30 Carlotta 1994-06-30 2001Z.png
Satellite image of Hurricane Carlotta near peak intensity late on June 30

July

July 1

July 2

July 4

July 5

July 8

Satellite image of Tropical Storm Daniel near peak intensity late on July 10 Tropical Storm Daniel Jul 10 1994 1801Z.jpg
Satellite image of Tropical Storm Daniel near peak intensity late on July 10

July 9

July 11

July 14

July 16

Storm path of Hurricane Emilia Emilia 1994 track.png
Storm path of Hurricane Emilia

July 17

July 18

July 19

The eye of Hurricane Emilia as seen from satellite on July 19, with mesovortices visible Hurricane emilia (1994) eye close-up.jpg
The eye of Hurricane Emilia as seen from satellite on July 19, with mesovortices visible

July 20

July 21

July 22

July 23

Storm path of Tropical Storm Fabio Fabio 1994 track.png
Storm path of Tropical Storm Fabio

July 24

July 25

Satellite image of Hurricane Gilma at peak intensity late on July 24 Gilma 1994-07-24 1901Z.png
Satellite image of Hurricane Gilma at peak intensity late on July 24

July 26

July 27

July 30

July 31

August

August 2

Storm path of Hurricane Li, including the time it spent west of the International Date Line from August 12 to August 18 Li 1994 track.png
Storm path of Hurricane Li, including the time it spent west of the International Date Line from August 12 to August 18

August 3

August 7

August 8

Satellite image of Tropical Storm Hector just after peak intensity late on August 8 Hector 1994-08-08 2000Z.png
Satellite image of Tropical Storm Hector just after peak intensity late on August 8

August 9

August 10

August 11

Storm path of Tropical Depression One-C One-C 1994 track.png
Storm path of Tropical Depression One-C

August 12

Satellite image of Hurricane Ileana at peak intensity late on August 12 Ileana 1994-08-12 1830Z.png
Satellite image of Hurricane Ileana at peak intensity late on August 12

August 13

August 14

August 15

Storm path of Tropical Depression Twelve-E Twelve-E 1994 track.png
Storm path of Tropical Depression Twelve-E

August 20

August 21

August 22

August 23

Satellite image of Hurricane John near peak intensity south of Hawaii early on August 23 John 1994-08-23 0200Z.png
Satellite image of Hurricane John near peak intensity south of Hawaii early on August 23

August 24

August 25

August 26

August 27

August 28

August 30

Satellite image of Hurricane Kristy near peak intensity late on August 31 Kristy 1994-08-31 2000Z.png
Satellite image of Hurricane Kristy near peak intensity late on August 31

August 31

September

September 1

September 2

September 3

September 4

Satellite image of Hurricane Lane near peak intensity late on September 6 Hurricane Lane Sep 6 1994 1901Z.jpg
Satellite image of Hurricane Lane near peak intensity late on September 6

September 5

September 6

September 7

Satellite image of Tropical Depression Two-C late on September 6, shortly the system became a tropical storm and received the name Mele Mele 1994-09-06 2230Z.png
Satellite image of Tropical Depression Two-C late on September 6, shortly the system became a tropical storm and received the name Mele

September 8

September 9

September 10

Storm path of Hurricane John, including the time it spent west of the International Date Line from August 28 to September 8 John 1994 path.png
Storm path of Hurricane John, including the time it spent west of the International Date Line from August 28 to September 8

September 15

September 17

September 18

Storm path of Tropical Storm Miriam Miriam 1994 track.png
Storm path of Tropical Storm Miriam

September 19

September 20

September 21

Storm path of Tropical Storm Norman Norman 1994 track.png
Storm path of Tropical Storm Norman

September 22

September 24

September 25

Satellite image of Hurricane Olivia near peak intensity on September 25 Hurricane Olivia Sep 25 1994 1731Z.jpg
Satellite image of Hurricane Olivia near peak intensity on September 25

September 26

September 27

September 28

Satellite image of Tropical Storm Paul just prior to peak intensity late on September 26 Paul 1994-09-26 2030Z.png
Satellite image of Tropical Storm Paul just prior to peak intensity late on September 26

September 29

September 30

October

October 8

October 11

October 12

Satellite image of a strengthening Hurricane Rosa approaching the Mexican coast on October 13 Rosa 1994-10-13 1745Z.png
Satellite image of a strengthening Hurricane Rosa approaching the Mexican coast on October 13

October 13

October 14

October 15

October 21

Satellite image of Tropical Depression Three-C, which would later become a tropical storm and receive the name Nona, on October 22 Nona 1994-10-22 2230Z.png
Satellite image of Tropical Depression Three-C, which would later become a tropical storm and receive the name Nona, on October 22

October 25

October 26

November

November 30

  • The 1994 Pacific hurricane season officially ends. [2]

Notes

  1. ↑ Hurricane John was a tropical cyclone for longer than 18.75 days. It crossed the International Date Line on August 28 and entered the Western Pacific basin, where it spent 11.25 days before crossing back into the Central Pacific basin, giving it a total of 30 days as a tropical cyclone. [1]
  2. ↑ While the National Hurricane Center stated in their preliminary report on Hurricane John that the system was a tropical cyclone for 31 days, [10] the Eastern and Central Pacific hurricane database (HURDAT) lists 121 data points at six-hour intervals for John, including one for the storm's extratropical transition, for a total of 30 days as a tropical cyclone. [1]
  3. ↑ Broadly speaking, Accumulated Cyclone Energy is the square of a tropical cyclone's wind intensity in knots at six-hour intervals, multiplied by the length of time it existed. [14]
  4. ↑ In their post-storm reports on Hurricane Emilia, the National Hurricane Center and the Central Pacific Hurricane Center disagreed on the system's maximum wind intensity. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center's report on all 1994 tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility stated that Emilia reached Category 5 intensity at 18:00 UTC on July 19. [6] However, the National Hurricane Center's Premilinary Report on the storm stated that it reached peak winds of 155 mph (250 km/h) – a high-end Category 4 hurricane – at 06:00 UTC on July 19, and maintained these winds for nearly two days. [27] [28] The National Hurricane Center has since amended HURDAT to list Emilia as a Category 5 hurricane for six hours starting at 18:00 UTC on July 19. [1]
  5. ↑ The Central Pacific Hurricane Center stated in their post-season report that Hurricane Emilia regained Category 5 status at 12:00 UTC on July 20 and maintained it for 12 hours. [6] However, HURDAT maintains Emilia as a high-end Category 4 hurricane during this period. [1]
  6. ↑ The status of Li between August 5 and August 8 is unclear. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center stated in their report on the tropical cyclones which occurred in their area of responsibility in 1994 that Li's organization became poor enough to merit discontinuation of advisories, entertaining the prospect that the system was a remnant low during this time; [6] however, HURDAT maintains Li as a tropical cyclone throughout its existence. [1]
  7. ↑ Operationally, advisories were not initiated on Tropical Depression Eleven-E (future Hurricane Ileana) until 15:00 UTC on August 11, by which time it was already a tropical storm; [38] advisories were initiated on Tropical Depression Ten-E (future Hurricane John) six hours prior at 09:00 UTC, [39] resulting in that system receiving an earlier number despite forming 18 hours after Eleven-E.

See also

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