Global conditions and hydrological summary
 | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2022) |
| Tropical cyclones in 1994 | |
|---|---|
| Year boundaries | |
| First system | 01W (Akang) |
| Formed | January 4, 1994 |
| Last system | Christelle |
| Dissipated | January 11, 1995 |
| Strongest system | |
| Name | Geralda |
| Lowest pressure | 905 mbar (hPa); 26.72 inHg |
| Longest lasting system | |
| Name | John (Second longest-lasting tropical system on record) |
| Duration | 31 days |
| Year statistics | |
| Total systems | 124 |
| Named systems | 91 |
| Total fatalities | 3,733 total |
| Total damage | $11.2 billion (1994 USD) |
During 1994, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 124 systems formed with 91 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Cyclone Geralda, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of 905 hPa (26.72 inHg ). The deadliest tropical cyclone was Typhoon Fred, which caused 1,248 fatalities in China, while the costliest was Tropical Storm Sharon, which caused an estimated $5.27 billion USD in damage after striking Hong Kong, China and the Philippines. Five Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in 1994. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 1994 (seven basins combined), as calculated by Colorado State University was 1019 units.
Tropical cyclone activity in each basin is under the authority of an RSMC. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic and East Pacific. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the Central Pacific. Both the NHC and CPHC are subdivisions of the National Weather Service. Activity in the West Pacific is monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Systems in the North Indian Ocean are monitored by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). The Météo-France located in Réunion (MFR) monitors tropical activity in the South-West Indian Ocean. The Australian region is monitored by five TCWCs that are under the coordination of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM). Similarly, the South Pacific is monitored by both the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) and the Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited. Other, unofficial agencies that provide additional guidance in tropical cyclone monitoring include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC).
| | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2022) |
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) | Pressure (hPa) | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01W (Akang) | January 4–5 | 55 (35) | 1004 | Philippines | $2.4 million | 45 | [1] |
| 07P | January 6–8 | 55 (35) | 1002 | Solomon Islands | None | None | |
| Daisy | January 7–16 | 155 (100) | 935 | St. Brandon, Madagascar | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Pearl-Farah | January 10–21 | 155 (100) | 960 | Western Australia | None | None | |
| Edmea | January 13–19 | 95 (60) | 976 | None | None | None | |
| Sarah | January 22 – February 4 | 165 (105) | 945 | Vanuatu, New Caledonia | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Quenton | January 22–29 | 150 (90) | 955 | None | None | None | |
| Geralda | January 26 – February 8 | 205 (125) | 905 | Madagascar | >$10 million | 231 | [2] |
| Sadie | January 29–31 | 85 (50) | 985 | Northern Territory, Queensland | None | None | |
February was an extremely inactive month, featuring only 4 systems, of which all were named. Hollanda was the first storm of the month, peaking as a Category-3 equivalent cyclone and causing strong wind gusts and heavy rainfall on the Mascarene Islands and causing 2 deaths. Ivy and Julita formed afterwards, with Ivy peaking as a Category-3 equivalent cyclone and Julita making landfall on Madagascar. Cyclone Theodore was the last and strongest storm of the month, crossing over into the South Pacific basin and peaking as a Category-4 equivalent cyclone.
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) | Pressure (hPa) | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hollanda | February 6–14 | 155 (100) | 940 | Mauritius, Réunion | $135 million | 2 | [3] |
| Ivy | February 8–20 | 140 (85) | 950 | Rodrigues | Minimal | None | |
| Julita | February 15–18 | 55 (35) | 995 | Madagascar | Minimal | None | |
| Theodore | February 22 – March 3 | 215 (130) | 910 | Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia | Unknown | 1 | [ citation needed ] |
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) | Pressure (hPa) | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kelvina | March 5–11 | 85 (50) | 985 | Madagascar, Mascarene Islands | Unknown | 0 | |
| Litanne | March 7–19 | 195 (120) | 910 | Madagascar, Mascarene Islands | Unknown | 0 | |
| Mariola | March 10–19 | 115 (70) | 966 | None | Unknown | 0 | |
| Sharon | March 12–22 | 195 (120) | 930 | Western Australia | None | None | |
| Tomas | March 19–27 | 155 (100) | 955 | Vanuatu, Fiji | Unknown | None | |
| Nadia | March 16 – April 1 | 175 (110) | 925 | Madagascar, Mozambique, Malawi | $20.2 million | 252 | [4] [5] |
| BOB 01 | March 21–24 | 45 (30) | Not specified | None | None | None | |
| Usha | March 24 – April 4 | 95 (60) | 980 | Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia | Unknown | None | |
| Tim | March 28 – April 3 | 65 (40) | 995 | None | None | None | |
| Odille | March 30 – April 14 | 175 (110) | 925 | Mascarene Islands | Unknown | 0 | |
| Owen (Bising) | March 31 – April 9 | 110 (70) | 980 | Caroline Islands, Philippines | Unknown | 10 | [6] |
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) | Pressure (hPa) | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vivienne | April 5–13 | 150 (90) | 955 | None | None | None | |
| 29P | April 24–25 | 55 (35) | 1000 | Solomon Islands | None | None | |
| Willy | April 26 – May 1 | 95 (60) | 985 | Cocos Islands | None | None | |
| BOB 02 | April 26 – May 3 | 215 (130) | 940 | Bangladesh, Northeast India, Myanmar | $125 million | 350 | [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] |
May was the least active month of 1994, featuring only 3 systems, of which only 1 was named. Typhoon Page, the first and strongest storm of the month, formed on May 12 and stayed out to sea, peaking as a Category-2 equivalent cyclone. Deling formed on May 25, causing 5 deaths in the Philippines. A tropical depression was the last storm of the month.
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) | Pressure (hPa) | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Page (Klaring) | May 12–17 | 130 (80) | 965 | Caroline Islands | None | None | |
| 04W (Deling) | May 25–26 | 55 (35) | 1004 | Philippines | None | 5 | [12] |
| TD | May 27 | Not specified | 1004 | None | None | None | |
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) | Pressure (hPa) | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russ (Emang) | June 3–9 | 95 (60) | 985 | China | $728 million | 74 | [12] |
| ARB 01 | June 5–9 | 100 (65) | 980 | Western India, Oman | None | None | |
| Aletta | June 18–23 | 85 (50) | 999 | None | None | None | |
| Sharon (Gading) | June 21–25 | 75 (45) | 996 | Philippines, South China | $5.27 billion | 13 | [12] |
| Heling | June 25–29 | Not specified | 1002 | Philippines, Vietnam | None | None | |
| Bud | June 27–29 | 75 (45) | 1003 | None | None | None | |
| Carlotta | June 23 – July 5 | 165 (105) | 967 | Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Islands | None | None | |
| Alberto | June 30 – July 7 | 100 (65) | 993 | Florida Panhandle, Alabama, Georgia | $1.03 billion | 32 | [13] [14] |
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) | Pressure (hPa) | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florence | November 2–8 | 175 (110) | 972 | None | None | None | |
| Depression | November – | 45 (30) | Not specified | Southern India | None | None | |
| Gordon | November 8–21 | 140 (85) | 980 | Central America, Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Cuba, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bahamas, Florida, Georgia, Mid-Atlantic states | $594 million | 1152 | [15] [16] [17] [18] |
| Vania | November 10–19 | 100 (65) | 980 | Vanuatu | Minimal | None | |
| ARB 02 | November 15–20 | 120 (75) | 984 | Somalia | Unknown | 30 | [7] |
| Albertine | November 23 – December 3 | 175 (110) | 925 | Mascarene Islands | Unknown | None | |
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) | Pressure (hPa) | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annette | December 12–20 | 185 (115) | 925 | Western Australia | Minor | None | |
| 04P | December 13–17 | 65 (40) | 997 | Fiji, Tonga | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Axel (Garding) | December 14–27 | 155 (100) | 950 | Caroline Islands, Philippines | None | 19 | [19] |
| Bobbie | December 18–26 | 95 (60) | 985 | Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| Christelle | December 27 – January 11 | 85 (50) | 980 | Madagascar, Mascarene Islands | Unknown | None | |
| William | December 30 – January 3 | 110 (70) | 975 | Cook Islands, French Polynesia | $2.5 million | None | |
2 Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 1994 are counted in the seasonal totals.
3 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 1994 are counted in the seasonal totals.
4 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
5 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
6 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on Météo-France which uses wind gusts.
Tropical cyclones and subtropical cyclones are named by various warning centers to simplify communication between forecasters and the general public regarding forecasts, watches and warnings. The names are intended to reduce confusion in the event of concurrent storms in the same basin. Once storms develop sustained wind speeds of more than 33 knots, names are generally assigned to them from predetermined lists, depending on the basin in which they originate. Some tropical depressions are named in the Western Pacific, while tropical cyclones must contain a significant amount of gale-force winds before they are named in the Southern Hemisphere.
The 1992 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was unofficially the most active year on record for the basin, with 10 tropical storms developing, according to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean – the Bay of Bengal to the east of the Indian subcontinent – and the Arabian Sea to the west of India. The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the JTWC releases unofficial advisories. An average of four to six storms form in the North Indian Ocean every season with peaks in May and November. Cyclones occurring between the meridians 45°E and 100°E are included in the season by the IMD.
Tropical cyclones are ranked on one of five tropical cyclone intensity scales, according to their maximum sustained winds and which tropical cyclone basins they are located in. Only a few scales of classifications are used officially by the meteorological agencies monitoring the tropical cyclones, but other scales also exist, such as accumulated cyclone energy, the Power Dissipation Index, the Integrated Kinetic Energy Index, and the Hurricane Severity Index.
The 1995 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was below-average and was primarily confined to the autumn months, with the exception of three short-lived deep depressions in May. There were eight depressions in the basin, which is Indian Ocean north of the equator. The basin is subdivided between the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea on the east and west coasts of India, respectively. Storms were tracked by the India Meteorological Department (IMD), which is the basin's Regional Specialized Meteorological Center, as well as the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) on an unofficial basis.
The 1989 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was a below-average season in annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. Despite this, the season had the second highest Accumulated Cyclone Energy in the basin on record behind only 2019 The season has no official bounds but cyclones tend to form between April and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean—the Bay of Bengal to the east of the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Sea to the west of India. The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) releases unofficial advisories. An average of five tropical cyclones form in the North Indian Ocean every season with peaks in May and November. Cyclones occurring between the meridians 45°E and 100°E are included in the season by the IMD.
The 1993 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was the least active on record in the basin, with only four tropical disturbances. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean – the Bay of Bengal to the east of the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Sea to the west. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) issued advisories for the systems in its official capacity as the local Regional Specialized Meteorological Center, while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center also issued advisories for two of the storms on an unofficial basis. Of the five disturbances tracked by the IMD, two intensified into cyclonic storms.
The 1994 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was a below-average year in which eight tropical cyclones affected seven countries bordering the North Indian Ocean. The India Meteorological Department tracks all tropical cyclones in the basin, north of the equator. The first system developed on March 21 in the Bay of Bengal, the first March storm in the basin since 1938. The second storm was the most powerful cyclone of the season, attaining maximum sustained winds of 215 km/h (135 mph) in the northern Bay of Bengal. Making landfall near the border of Bangladesh and Myanmar, the cyclone killed 350 people and left US$125 million in damage.
Throughout 2006, 133 tropical cyclones formed in seven bodies of water known as tropical cyclone basins. Of these, 80 have been named, including two tropical cyclones in the South Atlantic Ocean, and a tropical cyclone in the Mediterranean Sea, by various weather agencies when they attained maximum sustained winds of 65 km/h (40 mph). The strongest storms of the year were Typhoon Yagi in the Western Pacific, and Cyclone Glenda of the Australian region. The deadliest and costliest storms of the year were a series of five typhoons that struck the Philippines and China; Chanchu, Bilis, Saomai, Xangsane, and Durian, with most of the damage being caused by Durian of November. So far, 27 Category 3 tropical cyclones formed, including five Category 5 tropical cyclones in the year. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2006, as calculated by Colorado State University was 761 units.
During 2004, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 132 systems formed with 82 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Cyclone Gafilo, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of 895 hPa (26.43 inHg). The most active basin in the year was the Western Pacific, which documented 29 named systems, while the North Atlantic, despite only amounting to 15 named systems, was the basin's most active season since 1996. Conversely, both the Eastern Pacific hurricane and North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons experienced the fewest cyclones reaching tropical storm intensity in recorded history, numbering 12 and 4, respectively. Activity across the southern hemisphere's three basins—South-West Indian, Australian, and South Pacific—was spread evenly, with each region recording seven named storms apiece. Throughout the year, 28 Category 3 tropical cyclones formed, including seven Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in the year. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2004, as calculated by Colorado State University was 1024.4 units.
Tropical cyclones in 2002 were spread out across seven different areas called basins. To date, 123 tropical cyclones formed in 2002. 80 tropical cyclones had been named by either a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) or a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC). The strongest system was Cyclone Zoe, with a central pressure of 890 hectopascals (26 inHg). Zoe was also the second-most intense system before striking Fiji. The costliest and deadliest tropical cyclone of the year was Typhoon Rusa, killing 233 in South Korea and causing $4.2 billion in damages. 26 Category 3 tropical cyclones, including eight Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in 2002. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2002, as calculated by Colorado State University was 812 units.
Throughout 2013, 139 tropical cyclones formed in seven different areas called basins. Of these, 67 have been named by various weather agencies when they attained maximum sustained winds of 35 knots. The strongest and deadliest tropical cyclone of the year was Typhoon Haiyan, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) and caused at least 6,300 deaths in the Philippines. The costliest tropical cyclone of the year was Hurricane Manuel, which was responsible for at least $4.2 billion worth of damages in Mexico. 21 major tropical cyclones formed in 2013, including five Category 5 tropical cyclones. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2013, as calculated by Colorado State University was 618.5 units.
During 2011, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 131 tropical cyclones had formed this year to date. 71 tropical cyclones had been named by either a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) or a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC). Thirty-nine of these named systems eventually intensified into hurricane-equivalent tropical cyclones. The most active basin in the year was the Western Pacific, which documented 21 named storms. North Atlantic basin documented 19 named storms, continuing the consecutive third-most active season trends from the previous year, due to the 2010–12 La Niña event. Conversely, the Eastern Pacific basin featured slightly more activity than the previous season, with 11 named storms. The least active basin in the year was the North Indian Ocean basin which documented only 2 named storms, the lowest since the 1993 season. Activity across the Southern Hemisphere were almost evenly spread, with the South-West Indian Ocean basin recording 10 tropical cyclones, the Australian region recording 17 tropical cyclones, and the South Pacific basin also recording 10 tropical cyclones, respectively. Twenty-one Category 3 tropical cyclones formed in the year, including three Category 5 tropical cyclones. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2011, as calculated by Colorado State University was 573.8 units.
Throughout 2009, 130 tropical cyclones formed in bodies of water known as tropical cyclone basins. Of these, 81 were named, including a subtropical cyclone in the South Atlantic Ocean, by various weather agencies when they attained maximum sustained winds of 35 knots. The strongest storm of the year was Typhoon Nida in the Western Pacific Ocean. The deadliest and costliest storm of the year was Typhoon Morakot (Kiko) causing 789 fatalities through its track in the Philippines, Japan, Taiwan, China, and the Korean peninsula. Throughout the year, twenty-one Category 3 tropical cyclones formed, including five Category 5 tropical cyclones in the year. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2009, as calculated by Colorado State University was 609.6 units.
During 2003, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 129 systems formed with 85 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Cyclone Inigo, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) and was tied with Cyclone Gwenda for being the most intense recorded cyclone in the Australian region in terms of pressure, with the possible exception of Cyclone Mahina. So far, 26 Category 3 tropical cyclones formed, including six Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in 2003, tying 2021. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2003, as calculated by Colorado State University was 833 units.
During 1999, tropical cyclones formed within seven different bodies of water called basins. To date, 142 tropical cyclones formed in bodies of water known as tropical cyclone basins, of which 72 were given names by various weather agencies. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Gwenda, attaining maximum sustained winds of 120 knots and a pressure of 900 hPa (26.58 inHg), later tied with Inigo in 2003. Floyd was the costliest tropical cyclone of the year, with around $6.5 billion worth of damages as it affected the Bahamas, the East Coast of the United States, and the Atlantic Canada. The deadliest cyclone of this year was the 1999 Odisha cyclone, which was blamed for over 9,667 deaths as it devastated India. It was also the strongest Northern Hemisphere cyclone of the year with the pressure of 912 hPa (26.93 inHg) and third most intense tropical cyclone worldwide next to Cyclone Gwenda and Cyclone Vance. Three Category 5 tropical cyclones were formed in 1999. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 1999, as calculated by Colorado State University was 606.4 units.
During 1996, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 139 tropical cyclones formed in bodies of water known as tropical cyclone basins. 90 of them were named by various weather agencies when they attained maximum sustained windS of 35 knots. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Cyclone Daniella, peaking with a pressure of 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) in the open waters of the Indian Ocean. Hurricane Fran and Typhoon Herb tie for the costliest storm of the year, both with a damage cost of $5 billion. The deadliest tropical cyclone of the year was the 1996 Andhra Pradesh cyclone, which was blamed for over 1,000 fatalities as it directly affected the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Five Category 5 tropical cyclones were formed in 1996. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 1996, as calculated by Colorado State University was 960 units.
The year 1992 featured the highest amount of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) on record, regarded as one of the most intense tropical cyclone years on record. Throughout the year, 111 tropical cyclones formed, of which 101 were given names by various weather agencies. Five Category 5 tropical cyclones were formed in 1992. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 1992, as calculated by Colorado State University was 1,163.1 units.
During 1991, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 100 systems formed with 75 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Typhoon Yuri, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of 895 hPa (26.43 inHg). The deadliest tropical cyclone was Cyclone BOB 01, which caused 138,866 fatalities in Bangladesh, Northeastern India, Myanmar, Yunnan, while the costliest was Typhoon Mireille, which caused an estimated $10 billion USD in damage after striking Japan. Four Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in 1991.
| Tropical cyclone year articles (1990–1999) |
|---|
| 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 |
Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers
Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Weather Service .
