Tropical cyclones in 1991

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Tropical cyclones in 1991
Year boundaries
First system Alison
FormedJanuary 8, 1991
Last system Bryna
DissipatedJanuary 10, 1992
Strongest system
Name Yuri
Lowest pressure895 mbar (hPa); 26.43 inHg
Longest lasting system
Name Nat
Duration19 days
Year statistics
Total systems100
Named systems75
Total fatalities144,609 total
Total damage$13.71 billion (1991 USD)
Related articles
Other years
1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993

During 1991, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 100 systems formed with 75 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Typhoon Yuri, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of 895  hPa (26.43  inHg ). The deadliest tropical cyclone was Cyclone BOB 01, which caused 138,866 fatalities in Bangladesh, Northeastern India, Myanmar, Yunnan, while the costliest was Typhoon Mireille, which caused an estimated $10 billion USD in damage after striking Japan. Four Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in 1991.

Contents

Tropical cyclone activity in each basin is under the authority of an RSMC. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic and East Pacific. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the Central Pacific. Both the NHC and CPHC are subdivisions of the National Weather Service. Activity in the West Pacific is monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Systems in the North Indian Ocean are monitored by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). The Météo-France located in Réunion (MFR) monitors tropical activity in the South-West Indian Ocean. The Australian region is monitored by five TCWCs that are under the coordination of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM). Similarly, the South Pacific is monitored by both the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) and the Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited. Other, unofficial agencies that provide additional guidance in tropical cyclone monitoring include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC).

Global conditions and hydrological summary

Summary

Cyclone Wasa-ArthurCyclone ValCyclone Tia1991 Perfect StormHurricane Grace (1991)Hurricane BobCyclone Bellatropical cyclone basinsTropical cyclones in 1991

Systems

January

Cyclone Bella Bella jan 30 1991 1055Z.jpg
Cyclone Bella

January was the least active in terms of tropical cyclogenesis and named storms, with only three cyclones forming, two being named. Tropical Cyclone Bella caused flooding in Rodrigues.

Tropical cyclones formed in January 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs
Alison January 8 – 18110 (70)966NoneNoneNone
01A January 14 – 2065 (40)997NoneNoneNone
Bella January 18 – February 4155 (100)936 Rodrigues NoneNone

February

Severe Tropical Storm Elma Elma mar 1 1991 0838Z.jpg
Severe Tropical Storm Elma
Tropical cyclones formed in February 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs
Cynthia February 16 - 19125 (75)970 Madagascar Un­known36 [1]
Daphne February 21 - 28110 (70)976 Northern Australia Un­knownUn­known [2]
Kelvin February 21 - March 5110 (70)980NoneNoneNone
Debra February 22 - March 4115 (70)966 Mozambique NoneNone
Elma February 26 - March 5105 (65)965NoneNoneNone

March

Severe Tropical Cyclone Errol Errol mar 26 1991 0719Z.jpg
Severe Tropical Cyclone Errol
Tropical cyclones formed in March 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs
Elma March 2 - 5110 (70)975 Queensland NoneNone [3]
15P March 3 - 755 (35)1000 Solomon Islands NoneNone
Sharon (Auring) March 5 - 1695 (60)985 Caroline Islands, Philippines NoneNone
16P March 15 - 2155 (35)1000NoneNoneNone
Tim March 20 - 27120 (75)970 Philippines, Japan NoneNone
Fatima March 21 - April 1135 (85)954NoneNoneNone
Errol March 23 - 31175 (110)950NoneNone21 [4]
G1 March 30 - April 355 (35)998 Madagascar Un­known16 [5]

April

BOB 01 BOB 01 Apr 29 1991 1200Z.png
BOB 01
Tropical cyclones formed in April 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs
Marian April 9 - 19185 (115)930NoneNoneNone
Fifi April 14 - 21110 (70)975 Western Australia Un­known29 [6]
BOB 01 April 22 - 30240 (150)920 India, Bangladesh $1.5 billion138,866 [7]
Vanessa (Bebeng) April 23 - 2885 (50)994 Philippines, Vietnam, China NoneNone

May

Typhoon Walt (Karing) Walt May 12 1991 0512Z.jpg
Typhoon Walt (Karing)
Tropical cyclones formed in May 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs
Walt (Karing) May 5 - 16185 (115)915 Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands NoneNone
Lisa May 7 - 11110 (70)975 Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu NoneNone [8]
Andres May 16 - 20100 (65)994NoneNoneNone
TD May 20Un­known1010NoneNoneNone
BOB 02 May 30 - June 385 (55)990 India, Bangladesh NoneNone

June

Tropical cyclones formed in June 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs

July

Tropical cyclones formed in July 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs
Ana 2–5 July85 (50)1000 Florida, Bahamas, South Carolina MinimalNone
Two 5–7 July55 (35)1007 Mexico MinimalNone

August

Tropical cyclones formed in August 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs
Bob August 16–20185 (115)950 North Carolina, Mid-Atlantic, New England, Atlantic Canada, Iberian Peninsula $1.47 billion17
Four August 24–2655 (35)1007NoneNoneNone
Five August 28–3155 (35)1007NoneNoneNone

September

Tropical cyclones formed in September 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs

October

Tropical cyclones formed in October 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs

November

Tropical cyclones formed in November 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs

December

Tropical cyclones formed in December 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs

Global effects

Season nameAreas affectedSystems formedNamed stormsDamage (USD)Deaths
1991 Atlantic hurricane season Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic States, New England, Atlantic Canada, Iberian Peninsula, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada, Northeastern United States, Eastern Canada 128$1.67 billion30
1991 Pacific hurricane season Southwestern Mexico, Hawaiian Islands, Clarion Island, Guadalupe Island, Southwestern United States 1614Un­known11
1991 Pacific typhoon season 3 Caroline Islands, Philippines, Japan, Vietnam, China, Mariana Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, South China, South Korea, Laos, Thailand, Marshall Islands, Russia Far East, Guam 3728$10.1 billion5,505
1991 North Indian Ocean cyclone season Bangladesh, Northeastern India, Myanmar, Yunnan 83$1.5 billion138,906
1990–91 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 2 Madagascar, Juan de Nova Island, Mozambique, Europa Island, Rodrigues 77Un­known88
1991–92 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 3 Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Réunion 64Un­knownUn­known
1990–91 Australian region cyclone season 2 Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu 97$1.03 million50
1991–92 Australian region cyclone season 3 None11NoneNone
1990–91 South Pacific cyclone season 2 New Caledonia 10NoneNone
1991–92 South Pacific cyclone season 3 Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Cook Islands, Wallis and Futuna, Tonga, Samoa, American Samoa, French Polynesia 33$441 million19
Worldwide(See above)100 [a] 75$13.71 billion144,609
  1. The sum of the number of systems and fatalities in each basin will not equal the number shown as the total. This is because when systems move between basins, it creates a discrepancy in the actual number of systems and fatalities.

See also

Notes

    1 Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 1991 are counted in the seasonal totals.
    2 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 1991 are counted in the seasonal totals.
    3 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
    4 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
    5The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on Météo-France which uses gust winds.

    References

    1. Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (August 1993). "Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide 1900-present" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2011. Retrieved 2014-06-10.
    2. "1991 Tropical Cyclone Daphne (1991046S18150)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
    3. "1991 Tropical Cyclone Elma (1991057S10087)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
    4. "Indian Ocean, off WA: Cyclone". www.ema.gov.au. Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
    5. Patrick Donguy (November 1992). Cyclonic Phenomena in Indian Ocean Watched by Meteosat (Season 1990-1991) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. p. 80.
    6. "South-Western WA: Cyclone". www.ema.gov.au. Archived from the original on 27 October 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
    7. Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). United States Navy, United States Airforce. 1992. p. 155. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
    8. Pandaram, Sudha (3 July 1992). Tropical Cyclone Lisa, 7 - 13 May, 1991 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report 91/1). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.

    Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers

    Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers

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