Tropical cyclones in 1991

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Tropical cyclones in 1991
Year boundaries
First system Alison
FormedJanuary 8, 1991
Last system Bryna
DissipatedJanuary 10, 1992
Strongest system
Name Yuri
Lowest pressure895 mbar (hPa); 26.43 inHg
Longest lasting system
Name Nat
Duration19 days
Year statistics
Total systems100
Named systems75
Total fatalities144,609 total
Total damage$13.71 billion (1991 USD)
Related articles
Other years
1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993

During 1991, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 100 systems formed with 75 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Typhoon Yuri, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of 895  hPa (26.43  inHg ). The deadliest tropical cyclone was Cyclone BOB 01, which caused 138,866 fatalities in Bangladesh, Northeastern India, Myanmar, Yunnan, while the costliest was Typhoon Mireille, which caused an estimated $10 billion USD in damage after striking Japan. Four Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in 1991.

Contents

Tropical cyclone activity in each basin is under the authority of an RSMC. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic and East Pacific. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the Central Pacific. Both the NHC and CPHC are subdivisions of the National Weather Service. Activity in the West Pacific is monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Systems in the North Indian Ocean are monitored by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). The Météo-France located in Réunion (MFR) monitors tropical activity in the South-West Indian Ocean. The Australian region is monitored by five TCWCs that are under the coordination of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM). Similarly, the South Pacific is monitored by both the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) and the Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited. Other, unofficial agencies that provide additional guidance in tropical cyclone monitoring include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC).

Global conditions and hydrological summary

Summary

Cyclone Wasa-ArthurCyclone ValCyclone Tia1991 Perfect StormHurricane Grace (1991)Hurricane BobCyclone Bellatropical cyclone basinsTropical cyclones in 1991

Systems

January

Cyclone Bella Bella jan 30 1991 1055Z.jpg
Cyclone Bella

January was the least active in terms of tropical cyclogenesis and named storms, with only three cyclones forming, two being named. Tropical Cyclone Bella caused flooding in Rodrigues.

Tropical cyclones formed in January 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs
Alison January 8 – 18110 (70)966NoneNoneNone
01A January 14 – 2065 (40)997NoneNoneNone
Bella January 18 – February 4155 (100)936 Rodrigues NoneNone

February

Tropical cyclones formed in February 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs

March

Tropical cyclones formed in March 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs

April

Tropical cyclones formed in April 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs

May

Tropical cyclones formed in May 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs

June

Tropical cyclones formed in June 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs

July

Tropical cyclones formed in July 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs
Ana 2–5 July85 (50)1000 Florida, Bahamas, South Carolina MinimalNone
Two 5–7 July55 (35)1007 Mexico MinimalNone

August

Tropical cyclones formed in August 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs

September

Tropical cyclones formed in September 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs

October

Tropical cyclones formed in October 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs

November

Tropical cyclones formed in November 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs

December

Tropical cyclones formed in December 1991
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs

Global effects

Season nameAreas affectedSystems formedNamed stormsDamage (USD)Deaths
1991 Atlantic hurricane season Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic States, New England, Atlantic Canada, Iberian Peninsula, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada, Northeastern United States, Eastern Canada 128$1.67 billion30
1991 Pacific hurricane season Southwestern Mexico, Hawaiian Islands, Clarion Island, Guadalupe Island, Southwestern United States 1614Un­known11
1991 Pacific typhoon season 3 Caroline Islands, Philippines, Japan, Vietnam, China, Mariana Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, South China, South Korea, Laos, Thailand, Marshall Islands, Russia Far East, Guam 3728$10.1 billion5,505
1991 North Indian Ocean cyclone season Bangladesh, Northeastern India, Myanmar, Yunnan 83$1.5 billion138,906
1990–91 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 2 Madagascar, Juan de Nova Island, Mozambique, Europa Island, Rodrigues 77Un­known88
1991–92 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 3 Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Réunion 64Un­knownUn­known
1990–91 Australian region cyclone season 2 Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu 97$1.03 million50
1991–92 Australian region cyclone season 3 None11NoneNone
1990–91 South Pacific cyclone season 2 New Caledonia 10NoneNone
1991–92 South Pacific cyclone season 3 Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Cook Islands, Wallis and Futuna, Tonga, Samoa, American Samoa, French Polynesia 33$441 million19
Worldwide(See above)100 [lower-alpha 1] 75$13.71 billion144,609
  1. The sum of the number of systems and fatalities in each basin will not equal the number shown as the total. This is because when systems move between basins, it creates a discrepancy in the actual number of systems and fatalities.

See also

Notes

    1 Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 1991 are counted in the seasonal totals.
    2 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 1991 are counted in the seasonal totals.
    3 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
    4 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
    5The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on Météo-France which uses gust winds.

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical cyclones in 2010</span>

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical cyclones in 2006</span>

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical cyclones in 2004</span>

    During 2004, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 132 systems formed with 82 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Cyclone Gafilo, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of 895 hPa (26.43 inHg). The most active basin in the year was the Western Pacific, which documented 29 named systems, while the North Atlantic 15 named systems formed. Conversely, both the Eastern Pacific hurricane and North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons experienced a below average number of named systems, numbering 12 and 4, respectively. Activity across the southern hemisphere's three basins—South-West Indian, Australian, and South Pacific—was spread evenly, with each region recording seven named storms apiece. Throughout the year, 28 Category 3 tropical cyclones formed, including seven Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in the year. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2004, as calculated by Colorado State University was 1024.4 units.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical cyclones in 2012</span>

    During 2012, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 128 tropical cyclones had formed this year to date. 85 tropical cyclones had been named by either a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) or a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC).

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical cyclones in 2013</span>

    Throughout 2013, 139 tropical cyclones formed in seven different areas called basins. Of these, 67 have been named by various weather agencies when they attained maximum sustained winds of 35 knots. The strongest and deadliest tropical cyclone of the year was Typhoon Haiyan, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) and caused at least 6,300 deaths in the Philippines. The costliest tropical cyclone of the year was Hurricane Manuel, which was responsible for at least $4.2 billion worth of damages in Mexico. 21 major tropical cyclones formed in 2013, including five Category 5 tropical cyclones. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2013, as calculated by Colorado State University was 618.5 units.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical cyclones in 2011</span>

    During 2011, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 131 tropical cyclones had formed this year to date. 71 tropical cyclones had been named by either a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) or a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC). Thirty-nine of these named systems eventually intensified into hurricane-equivalent tropical cyclones. The most active basin in the year was the Western Pacific, which documented 21 named storms. North Atlantic basin documented 19 named storms, continuing the consecutive third-most active season trends from the previous year, due to the 2010–12 La Niña event. Conversely, the Eastern Pacific basin featured slightly more activity than the previous season, with 11 named storms. The least active basin in the year was the North Indian Ocean basin which documented only 2 named storms, the lowest since the 1993 season. Activity across the Southern Hemisphere were almost evenly spread, with the South-West Indian Ocean basin recording 10 tropical cyclones, the Australian region recording 17 tropical cyclones, and the South Pacific basin also recording 10 tropical cyclones, respectively. Twenty-one Category 3 tropical cyclones formed in the year, including three Category 5 tropical cyclones. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2011, as calculated by Colorado State University was 573.8 units.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical cyclones in 2009</span>

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical cyclones in 2001</span>

    During 2001, tropical cyclones formed in seven different areas called basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. A total of 128 tropical cyclones formed within bodies of water known as tropical cyclone basins, with 83 of them were further named by the responsible weather agencies when they attained maximum sustained winds of 35 knots. Typhoon Faxai is the strongest tropical cyclone throughout the year, peaking with a pressure of 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) and attaining 10-minute sustained winds of 195 km/h (120 mph). The deadliest tropical cyclone of the year was Lingling in the West Pacific which caused 379 fatalities in total as it struck the Philippines and Vietnam, while the costliest storm of the year was Michelle, with a damage cost of around $2.43 billion as it catastrophically affected the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas in late October. So far, 23 Category 3 tropical cyclones formed, including two Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in the year. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2001, as calculated by Colorado State University was 672.4 units.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical cyclones in 2003</span>

    During 2003, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 129 systems formed with 85 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Cyclone Inigo, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) and was tied with Cyclone Gwenda for being the most intense recorded cyclone in the Australian region in terms of pressure, with the possible exception of Cyclone Mahina. So far, 26 Category 3 tropical cyclones formed, including six Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in 2003, tying 2021. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2003, as calculated by Colorado State University was 833 units.

    The year 1997 was regarded as one of the most intense tropical cyclone years on record, featuring a record 12 category 5-equivalent tropical cyclones, according to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. The year also featured the second-highest amount of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) on record, just behind 1992 and 2018. Throughout the year, 108 tropical cyclones have developed in bodies of water, commonly known as tropical cyclone basins. However, only 89 tropical cyclones were of those attaining 39 mph or greater, falling just below the long term average of 102 named systems. The most active basin was the Western Pacific, attaining an ACE amount of 571, the highest ever recorded in any season in any basin on record. The deadliest tropical cyclone was Severe Tropical Storm Linda (Openg). The costliest tropical cyclone was Super Typhoon Winnie (Ibiang), which set a record for having the largest eye on record. The most intense tropical cyclone was Hurricane Linda, peaking at 902 hPa/mbar. Typhoon Paka (Rubing), the longest-lived system, produced the fourth-highest ACE for a single tropical cyclone, just behind Typhoon Nancy (1961), Hurricane/Typhoon Ioke (2006), and Cyclone Freddy (2023). The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 1997, as calculated by Colorado State University was 1,099.2 units.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical cyclones in 1996</span>

    During 1996, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 139 tropical cyclones formed in bodies of water known as tropical cyclone basins. 90 of them were named by various weather agencies when they attained maximum sustained windS of 35 knots. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Cyclone Daniella, peaking with a pressure of 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) in the open waters of the Indian Ocean. Hurricane Fran and Typhoon Herb tie for the costliest storm of the year, both with a damage cost of $5 billion. The deadliest tropical cyclone of the year was the 1996 Andhra Pradesh cyclone, which was blamed for over 1,000 fatalities as it directly affected the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Five Category 5 tropical cyclones were formed in 1996. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 1996, as calculated by Colorado State University was 960 units.

    During 1994, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 124 systems formed with 91 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Cyclone Geralda, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of 905 hPa (26.72 inHg). The deadliest tropical cyclone was Typhoon Fred, which caused 1,248 fatalities in China, while the costliest was Tropical Storm Sharon, which caused an estimated $5.27 billion USD in damage after striking Hong Kong, China and the Philippines. Five Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in 1994. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 1994, as calculated by Colorado State University was 1019 units.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical cyclones in 1993</span>

    During 1993, tropical cyclones formed within seven different bodies of water called basins. To date, 110 tropical cyclones formed, of which 78 were given names by various weather agencies. Only one Category 5 tropical cyclone was formed in 1993. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 1993, as calculated by Colorado State University was 710.4 units.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical cyclones in 1992</span>

    The year 1992 featured the highest amount of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) on record, with an ACE rating of 1,163.1 units. It would be regarded as one of the most intense tropical cyclone years on record. Throughout the year, 111 tropical cyclones formed, of which 101 were given names by various weather agencies. Five Category 5 tropical cyclones would form in 1992.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical cyclones in 2008</span>

    Throughout 2008, 124 tropical cyclones have formed in bodies of water known as tropical cyclone basins. Of these, 83 have been named, by various weather agencies when they attained maximum sustained winds of 35 knots. The strongest storm of the year was Typhoon Jangmi in the Western Pacific Ocean. The deadliest storm of the year was Cyclone Nargis, which caused devastating and castatrophic destruction in Myanmar with 138,373 fatalities. The costliest storm of the year was Hurricane Ike, which wreaked havoc thorough Cuba and Texas, with $38 billion in damage. Throughout the year, 24 Category 3 tropical cyclones formed, including one Category 5 tropical cyclone in the year. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2008, as calculated by Colorado State University was 613.9 units.

    In 2024, tropical cyclones will form in seven major bodies of water, commonly known as tropical cyclone basins. Tropical cyclones will be named by various weather agencies when they attain maximum sustained winds of 35 knots. So far, twenty-eight systems have formed, with seventeen of them being named. The most intense storm of the year so far is Djoungou, with a minimum pressure of 922 hPa (27.23 inHg). Among this year's systems, so far, five have intensified into major tropical cyclones, with no tropical cyclones intensifying into Category 5 tropical cyclones on the Saffir–Simpson scale (SSHWS). The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2024 so far, as calculated by Colorado State University (CSU), is 113.3 units overall.

    References

      Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers

      Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers

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