Tropical cyclones in 1991

Tropical cyclones in 1991
Tropical cyclones in 1991
Year boundaries
First system	Alison
Formed	January 8, 1991
Last system	Bryna
Dissipated	January 10, 1992
Strongest system
Name	Yuri
Lowest pressure	895 mbar (hPa); 26.43 inHg
Longest lasting system
Name	Nat
Duration	19 days
Year statistics
Total systems	90
Named systems	68
Total fatalities	144,609 total
Total damage	$13.71 billion (1991 USD)
Related articles
	1991 Atlantic hurricane season ; 1991 Pacific hurricane season ; 1991 Pacific typhoon season ; 1991 North Indian Ocean cyclone season ; 1990–91 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season ; 1991–92 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season ; 1990–91 Australian region cyclone season ; 1991–92 Australian region cyclone season ; 1990–91 South Pacific cyclone season ; 1991–92 South Pacific cyclone season ;
	Other years ; 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993

Last updated November 23, 2025

During 1991, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 90 systems formed with 68 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Typhoon Yuri, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of 895 hPa (26.43 inHg ). The deadliest tropical cyclone was Cyclone BOB 01, which caused 138,866 fatalities in Bangladesh, Northeastern India, Myanmar, Yunnan, while the costliest was Typhoon Mireille, which caused an estimated $10 billion USD in damage after striking Japan. Four Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in 1991.

Tropical cyclone activity in each basin is under the authority of an RSMC. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic and East Pacific. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the Central Pacific. Both the NHC and CPHC are subdivisions of the National Weather Service. Activity in the West Pacific is monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Systems in the North Indian Ocean are monitored by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). The Météo-France located in Réunion (MFR) monitors tropical activity in the South-West Indian Ocean. The Australian region is monitored by five TCWCs that are under the coordination of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM). Similarly, the South Pacific is monitored by both the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) and the Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited. Other, unofficial agencies that provide additional guidance in tropical cyclone monitoring include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC).

Summary

Systems

January

January was the least active in terms of tropical cyclogenesis and named storms, with only three cyclones forming, two being named. Tropical Cyclone Bella caused flooding in Rodrigues.

Tropical cyclones formed in January 1991
Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
Alison	8–18 Janruary	110 (70)	966	None	None	None
Bella	18 Janruary–4 February	155 (100)	936	Rodrigues	None	None

February

Tropical cyclones formed in February 1991
Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
Chris	15–21 February	110 (70)	976	Western Australia	None	None
Cynthia	16–19 February	125 (75)	970	Madagascar	Unknown	36	^[1]
Daphne	21–28 February	110 (70)	976	Northern Australia	Unknown	Unknown	^[2]
Kelvin	21 February–5 March	110 (70)	980	None	None	None
Debra	22 February–4 March	115 (70)	966	Mozambique	None	None
Elma	26 February–5 March	105 (65)	965	None	None	None

March

Tropical cyclones formed in March 1991
Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
15P	3–7 March	55 (35)	1000	Solomon Islands	None	None
Sharon (Auring)	5–16 March	95 (60)	985	Caroline Islands, Philippines	None	None
16P	15–21 March	55 (35)	1000	None	None	None
Tim	20–27 March	120 (75)	970	Philippines, Japan	None	None
Fatima	21 March–1 April	135 (85)	954	None	None	None
Errol	23–31 April	175 (110)	950	None	None	21	^[3]
G1	30 March–3 April	55 (35)	998	Madagascar	Unknown	16	^[4]

April

Tropical cyclones formed in April 1991
Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
Marian	9–19 April	185 (115)	930	None	None	None
Unnamed	10–14 April	65 (40)	Unknown	None	None	None
Fifi	14–21 April	110 (70)	975	Western Australia	Unknown	29	^[5]
BOB 01	22–30 April	240 (150)	920	India, Bangladesh	$1.5 billion	138,866^[a]	^[6]
Vanessa (Bebeng)	23–28 April	85 (50)	994	Philippines, Vietnam, China	None	None

May

Tropical cyclones formed in May 1991
Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
Walt (Karing)	5–16 May	185 (115)	915	Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands	None	None
Lisa	7–11 May	110 (70)	975	Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu	None	None	^[7]
Andres	16–20 May	100 (65)	994	None	None	None
TD	20 May	Unknown	1010	None	None	None
BOB 02	30 May–5 June	85 (55)	990	India, Bangladesh	None	None

June

Tropical cyclones formed in June 1991
Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths
Yunya	12–17 June	150 (90)	950	Philippines, Taiwan	Unknown	326
Blanca	14–22 June	100 (65)	994	None	None	None
Carlos	16–27 June	195 (120)	955	None	None	None
Delores	22–28 June	140 (85)	979	None	None	None
Five-E	28–30 June	55 (35)	1006	Mexico	None	None

July

Tropical cyclones formed in July 1991
Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths
Ana	2–5 July	85 (50)	1000	Florida, Bahamas, South Carolina	Minimal	None
Two	5–7 July	55 (35)	1007	Mexico	Minimal	None
Zeke	9–15 July	120 (75)	970	Philippines, Hong Kong, southern China	$960 million	33
Amy	14–20 July	230 (145)	930	Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China	$4.87 billion	136
Enrique	15 July–1 August	120 (75)	987	None	None	None
Brendan	19–25 July	140 (85)	980	Philippines, Taiwan, Macau, Hong Kong, China	$253 million	34
Caitlin	21–30 July	175 (110)	940	Philippines, Japan, South Korea	$81.3 million	26
BOB 03	27–31 July	55 (35)	984	India	Unknown	Unknown
Fefa	29 July–8 August	195 (120)	959	Hawaiian Islands	Minimal	None

August

Tropical cyclones formed in August 1991
Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths
Bob	August 16–20	185 (115)	950	North Carolina, Mid-Atlantic, New England, Atlantic Canada, Iberian Peninsula	$1.47 billion	17
Four	August 24–26	55 (35)	1007	None	None	None
Five	August 28–31	55 (35)	1007	None	None	None

September

Tropical cyclones formed in September 1991
Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs

October

Tropical cyclones formed in October 1991
Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs

November

Tropical cyclones formed in November 1991
Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs

December

Tropical cyclones formed in December 1991
Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs

Global effects

Season name	Areas affected	Systems formed	Named storms	Damage (USD)	Deaths
1991 Atlantic hurricane season	Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic States, New England, Atlantic Canada, Iberian Peninsula, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada, Northeastern United States, Eastern Canada	12	8	$1.67 billion	30
1991 Pacific hurricane season	Southwestern Mexico, Hawaiian Islands, Clarion Island, Guadalupe Island, Southwestern United States	16	14	Unknown	11
1991 Pacific typhoon season ^[b]	Caroline Islands, Philippines, Japan, Vietnam, China, Mariana Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, South China, South Korea, Laos, Thailand, Marshall Islands, Russia Far East, Guam	37	28	$10.1 billion	5,505
1991 North Indian Ocean cyclone season	Bangladesh, Northeastern India, Myanmar, Yunnan	8	3	$1.5 billion	138,906
1990–91 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season ^[c]	Madagascar, Juan de Nova Island, Mozambique, Europa Island, Rodrigues	7	7	Unknown	88
1991–92 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season ^[b]	Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Réunion	6	4	Unknown	Unknown
1990–91 Australian region cyclone season ^[c]	Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu	9	7	$1.03 million	50
1991–92 Australian region cyclone season ^[b]	None	1	1	None	None
1990–91 South Pacific cyclone season ^[c]	New Caledonia	1	0	None	None
1991–92 South Pacific cyclone season ^[b]	Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Cook Islands, Wallis and Futuna, Tonga, Samoa, American Samoa, French Polynesia	3	3	$441 million	19
Worldwide	(See above)	100^[d]	75	$13.71 billion	144,609

Notes

↑ Fourth deadliest tropical cyclone on record.
1 2 3 4 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
1 2 3 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 1991 are counted in the seasonal totals.
↑ The sum of the number of systems and fatalities in each basin will not equal the number shown as the total. This is because when systems move between basins, it creates a discrepancy in the actual number of systems and fatalities.

References

↑ Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (August 1993). "Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide 1900-present" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2011. Retrieved 2014-06-10.
↑ "1991 Tropical Cyclone Daphne (1991046S18150)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
↑ "Indian Ocean, off WA: Cyclone". www.ema.gov.au. Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
↑ Patrick Donguy (November 1992). Cyclonic Phenomena in Indian Ocean Watched by Meteosat (Season 1990-1991) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. p. 80.
↑ "South-Western WA: Cyclone". www.ema.gov.au. Archived from the original on 27 October 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
↑ Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). United States Navy, United States Airforce. 1992. p. 155. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
↑ Pandaram, Sudha (3 July 1992). Tropical Cyclone Lisa, 7 - 13 May, 1991 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report 91/1). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.

External links

Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers

US National Hurricane Center – North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
Central Pacific Hurricane Center – Central Pacific
Japan Meteorological Agency – NW Pacific
India Meteorological Department – Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea
Météo-France – La Reunion – South Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
Fiji Meteorological Service – South Pacific west of 160°E, north of 25° S

Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers

Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia – South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 141°E, generally north of 10°S
Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane) – South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, generally south of 10°S
Papua New Guinea National Weather Service – South Pacific Ocean from 141°E to 160°E, generally north of 10°S
Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited – South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S

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[6] Fourth deadliest tropical cyclone on record.

[IMDscale-9] 1 2 3 4 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.

[onorbefore-10] 1 2 3 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 1991 are counted in the seasonal totals.

[System/Fatality_Counting-11] The sum of the number of systems and fatalities in each basin will not equal the number shown as the total. This is because when systems move between basins, it creates a discrepancy in the actual number of systems and fatalities.

[usaid-1] Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (August 1993). "Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide 1900-present" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2011. Retrieved 2014-06-10.

[2] "1991 Tropical Cyclone Daphne (1991046S18150)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 28 May 2022.

[3] "Indian Ocean, off WA: Cyclone". www.ema.gov.au. Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2022.

[hor-4] Patrick Donguy (November 1992). Cyclonic Phenomena in Indian Ocean Watched by Meteosat (Season 1990-1991) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. p. 80.

[5] "South-Western WA: Cyclone". www.ema.gov.au. Archived from the original on 27 October 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2022.

[atcr-7] Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). United States Navy, United States Airforce. 1992. p. 155. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.

[Lisa_TCR-8] Pandaram, Sudha (3 July 1992). Tropical Cyclone Lisa, 7 - 13 May, 1991 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report 91/1). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.

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v t e Tropical cyclones in 1991
Cyclones	Australian region (1990–91 1991–92) North Indian Ocean South-West Indian Ocean (1990–91 1991–92) South Pacific (1990–91 1991–92)
Hurricanes	Atlantic Pacific
Typhoons	Pacific
Non-seasonal lists	Mediterranean South Atlantic