Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2013)

Last updated

The following is a timeline of the Syrian Civil War from January to April 2013. Information about aggregated casualty counts is found at Casualties of the Syrian Civil War.

Contents

January 2013

1 January

According to Lakhdar Brahimi, a United Nations-Arab League envoy, he told news reporters in Cairo, Egypt that the number of people killed could reach to 100,000, which would mean that 2013 would be the deadliest year of the war thus far. [1]

On New Year's Day, Aleppo International Airport shut down due to rebel attacks. [2]

An anonymous Syrian student at the West Virginia University College of Law in Morgantown, West Virginia and his mother gained asylum in the United States, with assistance from the university. They had both originally hoped to return to Syria. [3]

The LCC reported 136 people killed, including 44 in Hama and 42 in the Damascus suburbs. [4]

Approximately forty individuals, including a Syrian Army General, three colonels, several officers and their families defected to Turkey via Reyhanlı, Hatay province, where they were taken to the Apaydin refugee camp. [5] [6] [7]

It had been reported by the United Nations that the death toll was 60,000 instead of 45,000, though it is unclear how many people have been killed in the war. [8]

The LCC reported 207 people killed, including 141 in the Damascus suburbs, among which 47 were killed when a warplane struck a petrol station in Mleiha. [9] Activist Abu Fouad described at least 30 "burnt or dismembered" bodies. [10] [11] The explosion was triggered by a missile from a MiG fighter. [12]

2 January

The United Nations says the estimated death toll from the conflict has surpassed 60,000 people. [13]

3 January

According to an activist group in Syria, a car bomb exploded late Thursday in a Damascus gas station in the middle-class Masakin Barzeh neighborhood, killing at least nine people. [14] [15] The pro-government Ikhbariyeh TV claimed "terrorists" had killed at least 30 civilians, though there was no immediate claim of responsibility. [16] [17]

The LCC reported 170 people killed, including 74 in the Damascus suburbs. [18]

The SOHR reported the deaths of over 210 people, including 101 civilians. 52 rebels were killed, including a defected officer. SOHR also reported that 5 "foreign jihadists" were killed in fighting; 2 Libyans, a Palestinian, a Turk and a Saudi. [19]

The Damascus Suburbs witnessed continued clashes, with 45 civilians and 15 rebels killed. [19]

4 January - Friday of "Homs calls upon the Revolutionaries"

NATO began deployment of Patriot missiles as air defence in Turkey. The US European Command batteries were the first to be shipped to Southern Turkey. [20]

The LCC reported 129 people killed, including 70 in the Damascus suburbs. [21]

5 January

Clashes were reported in the eastern Deir Ezzor city around the technical services building that was recently seized by rebels after they killed and injured government soldiers and took several others hostage. More fighting was reported near the Air Force intelligence building in Aleppo, while shelling was reported in the town of Hritan in the city's suburbs. Meanwhile, in the central province of Homs, activists said government forces shelled the rebel-held town of Rastan and the farms surrounding the neighbourhood of Bab Amr in Homs city. [22] − − The LCC reported 79 people killed, including 35 in the Damascus suburbs. CNN has reported that the Free Syrian Army have taken control of 70% of the Taftanaz heliport [23]

6 January

Israel announced it would be building a five-meter-high fence on the Israel-Syria border. [24]

The LCC reported 101 people killed, including 28 in the Damascus suburbs. [25]

7 January

The LCC reported 72 people killed, including 29 in Aleppo and 26 in the Damascus suburbs. [26]

8 January

A riot broke out at a Syrian refugee camp in Zaatari, Jordan. [27]

The LCC reported that 118 civilians were killed by the end of the day, including 35 in the Damascus suburbs. [28] The LCC reported that over 70 civilians were executed by the Syrian army in the town of al-Mastumah, south of Idlib city. [29]

9 January

Forty-eight Iranians who were kidnapped by Free Syrian Army rebels in the capital Damascus in August 2012 are released in exchange for 2,130 prisoners held by the Syrian government. [30]

Rebels, led by the Al-Nusra Front and Ahrar al-Sham, claimed to capture the Taftanaz airbase and has penetrated the facility, destroying or damaging at least nine helicopters [31] [32]

The LCC reported 92 people killed, including 29 in the Damascus suburbs. [33]

10 January

The LCC reported 46 people killed, including 22 in the Damascus suburbs. [34]

11 January – "Friday of the Death Camps" [35]

Amid reports that his country was turning away Palestinian refugees, Jordanian prime minister Abdullah Ensour stated that accepting refugees would only encourage Israel to deport more people. [36]

The LCC reported 101 people killed, including 40 in the town of al-houl, Hasakah, and 17 in Aleppo. [18]

13 January

Syrian fighter jets bombed areas held by rebels in the suburbs of Damascus. [37] At least 36 people were killed, including 14 children. [38]

The LCC reported 141 people killed, including 51 in the Damascus suburbs. [39]

14 January

At least 57 countries submit a petition to the UN Security Council, calling on it to refer the conflict to the International Criminal Court for a pending war crimes investigation. [40]

The LCC reported 151 people killed, including 74 in the Damascus suburbs. [41]

15 January

Two explosions ripped in front of the campus of Aleppo University killing 52 and injuring 150. The dead included university students and civilians staying in the university dormitories after being displaced by fighting. Opposition fighters and the Syrian Government are blaming each other for the incident. [42] The death toll later rose to 87. [43]

The LCC reported 237 people killed, including about 100 in Aleppo and 65 in Homs and Houla. [44]

16 January

Massacre in the village of Haswiya in central Syria. [45] SOHR held pro-Assad forces responsible, [46] while an ITV News reporter said that some locals had blamed jihadist, particularly Jabhat al-Nusra fighters, but that it was impossible for him to attribute any definite responsibility from what he had seen and heard. [47] Bill Neely: "I didn't see any rebel gunmen. I saw dozens of Syrian troops. They were reluctant to let us go very far into the village because they said there were snipers. Exactly what happened I can't prove."

Three simultaneous car bombs have killed at least 24 people from Idlib province. [48] A leaked US State Department cable indicates that on 23 December 2012 the Syrian government used a form of nerve gas in an attack on Homs city, which lead to 5 deaths. Tear Gas has been ruled out as the cause. Agent 15 is believed to have been used. [49]

The LCC reported 183 people killed, including 50 in the Damascus suburbs. [50]

17 January

Basatin al-Hasawiya massacre: According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, 106 people were massacred by pro-government forces in the Basatin al-Hasawiya district of Homs, including children. [51]

Head of the Federation of Syrian Chambers of Industry, Fares Shihabi, accused Turkish government of involvement in stealing of equipment from numerous factories in the area of Aleppo. The allegations were reported in letters to the Chairman of the UN Security Council and the UN Secretary General, stating that the robberies had been done with full knowledge of Turkish government. [52] The LCC reported 159 people killed, including 96 in the Damascus suburbs. [53]

18 January - Friday of "Aleppo University; Martyrdom Engineering" [54]

Fierce clashes raged between Kurds and Islamists in the city of Ras al-Ain and SOHR confirmed the killing of Yves Debay, a Belgian-French journalist in Aleppo, allegedly by a government sniper. [55] A second journalist, Mohammed Hourani, has been killed by a government sniper in Daraa province while working for Al Jazeera, he was shot three times. [56]

The LCC reported people killed, including 75 in the Damascus suburbs. [57]

19 January

A defected Syrian pilot carried out airstrikes on positions of the Syrian government forces in an area outside Damascus, the opposition military command in the Damascus claimed. [58] The LCC reported 136 people killed, including 47 in the Damascus suburbs. [59]

20 January

The LCC reported 132 people killed, including 50 in the Damascus suburbs. [60]

21 January

The LCC reported 110 people killed, including 31 in Aleppo and 26 in the Damascus suburbs. [61]

22 January

The Russian government has announced that it is sending two planes to evacuate approximately 100 Russian citizens from Syria. Russia is also carrying out its largest naval exercises since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 off the Syrian coast and in the surrounding Mediterranean and Black Seas. [62]

The LCC reported 164 people killed, including 71 in the Damascus suburbs. [63]

23 January

77 Russian citizens have left Syria, however Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov denied that Russia has any plans for a mass evacuation of its citizens from Syria. Only approximately 1000 Russians in Syria have contacted the embassy to ask about leaving Syria. [64]

The LCC reported 146 people killed, including 74 in Aleppo and 23 in the Damascus suburbs. [65]

24 January

Jordan says 20,000 refugees have fled from Syria to Jordan in the past 7 days. [66]

The LCC reported 116 people killed, including 42 in the Damascus suburbs. [67]

25 January

The LCC reported 117 people killed, including 31 in the Damascus suburbs. [68]

26 January

The LCC reported 129 people killed, including 44 in Aleppo and 40 in the Damascus suburbs. [69]

27 January

Israeli Defense Force has deployed its Iron Dome system to its northern border with Syria. This follows an announcement in early January that the IDF would build a security fence along its border with Syria. Israel is also considering the possibility of pre-emptive strike to prevent Syrian chemical weapon stockpiles falling into the hands of Hezbollah. [70] Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev is quoted as saying "I think that with every day, every week and every month the chances of his (Assad's) preservation are getting smaller and smaller,". [71] The LCC reported 106 people killed, including 41 in the Damascus suburbs. [72]

28 January

The LCC reported 129 people killed, including 33 in the Damascus suburbs. [73]

29 January

At least 80 bodies of young men and boys were found in Quweiq River in Aleppo area. The victims had been executed by a single shot to the head or neck. Their identity remains unknown, and both sides of the conflict accuse each other of the massacre, as the river flows through areas controlled by different opposing groups. [74]

The LCC reported 229 people killed by the Syrian army including 118 in Aleppo among which 80 of them from Bustan al Qusr. [75]

The SOHR reported the deaths of around 230 people; 72 civilians, 73 summarily executed men, 39 rebels and 41 soldiers. [76]

30 January

[77] US government sources have told Associated Press that they believe a battery of SA-17 were being sent to Hezbollah in the convoy. [78]

The LCC reported 144 people killed, including 42 in the Damascus suburbs. [79]

31 January

The LCC reported 105 people killed, including 58 in the Damascus suburbs. [80]

February 2013

Acting on intelligence Syrian army units launched heavy assaults on the outskirts of Damascus. The government claims that it had intelligence that the rebels were about to launch a large scale attack on government institutions in the capital. [81]

The LCC reported 94 people killed, including 34 in the Damascus suburbs. [82]

2 February

Rebels captured the area of Sheik Said, near Aleppo city, after several days of fighting. The area captured contains a major road between Aleppo city and the Aleppo Airport. The road is used by government forces to transit supplies from the Airport to its soldiers in Aleppo City. [83]

The LCC reported 120 people killed, including 58 in the Damascus suburbs. [84]

3 February

The LCC reported 140 people killed, including 41 in Aleppo and 36 in the Damascus suburbs. [85]

4 February

Syrian bombing has killed 16 citizens in a residential apartment block in Aleppo. Among the dead are 10 people under the age of 18. [86]

The LCC reported 111 people killed, including 41 in the Damascus suburbs. [87]

5 February

The LCC reported 113 people killed, including 41 in Aleppo, and 41 in the Damascus suburbs. [18]

6 February

Two car bombs struck government buildings in Palmyra, in Homs governorate, killing 12 security personnel and injuring 20, according to SOHR. The bombings were followed by gun battles in the city, between rebels and government forces, that left at least 8 more dead. [88]

The LCC reported 162 people killed, including 77 in the Damascus suburbs. [89]

7 February

Israeli Television showed photos of the Jamraya military research complex, which the Syrian government claims was destroyed in an air raid by the Israeli Air Force on 30 January. The TV station showed a satellite picture of the site from 8 months before the air raid and another taken after the air raid which appears to show the complex unharmed. This appears to support the view that the air raid struck a convoy of arms to Hezbollah however Israel has refused to officially confirm or deny the raid, despite a broad reference to it from the Israeli Defence Minister Ehud Barak. [90] The LCC reported 161 people killed, including 68 from the Hama province, and 33 in the Damascus suburbs. [91]

8 February

Rebels expanded their control in Damascus by overrunning major Syrian army checkpoints on the primary highway in Damascus. [92]

The LCC reported 121 people killed, including 42 in the Damascus suburbs. [93]

9 February

Information Minister Omran al-Zoubi makes an official statement, extending an invitation to the opposition for dialogue aimed at achieving a political solution to the conflict. [94]

The LCC reported 169 people killed, including 60 in Aleppo and 57 in the Damascus suburbs. [95]

10 February

The LCC reported 124 people killed, including 38 in the Damascus suburbs. [96]

11 February

Rebels captured the city of Al-Thawrah, Raqqa, and captured the Euphrates dam nearby. [97]

The LCC reported 109 people killed, including 41 in Aleppo and 33 in the Damascus suburbs. [98]

12 February

Syrian rebels captured the Al-Jarrah airbase in the Aleppo province. [99]

The LCC reported 136 people killed, including 47 in the Damascus suburbs. [100]

13 February

The LCC reported 190 people killed, including 55 in Aleppo and 37 in the Damascus suburbs. [101]

14 February

Rebels captured the town of al Shadidi in the Hasakah province. [102]

The LCC reported 154 people killed, including 46 in Aleppo and 33 in the Damascus suburbs. [103]

15 February - Friday of "God is Sufficient Help" [104]

After intense fighting an estimated 40,000 people become displaced in the city of Shadadah, Hasakah, adding to the estimated 2.5 million people already internally displaced in Syria. [105]

The LCC reported 89 people killed, including 29 in the Damascus suburbs. [106]

16 February

The LCC reported 100 people killed, including 27 in Aleppo and 23 in the Damascus suburbs. [107]

On 16 February a number of wounded Syrians reached the Israeli-held Golan Heights where they received medical treatment for their wounds with a number being transported to Israeli hospitals. It is the first time that Syrian citizens have tried to seek refuge in Israel. [108]

18 February

The LCC reported 99 people killed, including 30 in the Damascus suburbs, and 23 in Aleppo from a scud missile fired onto the Jabal Badro neighborhood. [109]

19 February

The LCC reported 159 people killed, including 60 in the Damascus suburbs, and 55 in Aleppo, most of whom were removed from the debris after a scud missile hit the Jabal Badro neighborhood the previous day. [110]

20 February

The LCC reported 162 people killed, including 96 in the Damascus suburbs, of which 48 were from a massacre in the Hamouryieh neighborhood. [111]

21 February

The LCC reported 210 people killed, including 103 from Damascus and its suburbs. [112]

22 February - Friday of "Raqqa on the Road to Freedom"

The LCC reported 213 people killed, including 90 from Aleppo and 53 in the Damascus suburbs. [113]

On 22 February rebels again claim that they were the target of another rocket attack. Rebels say that three Scud type missiles landed in the Hamra, Tariq al Bab and Hanano neighbourhoods of Aleppo with 29 confirmed dead and 150 wounded. [114] [115]

23 February

The LCC reported 148 people killed, including 74 in Aleppo and 40 in the Damascus suburbs. [116]

24 February

French freelance photographer Olivier Voisin, who was wounded near Idlib in January 2013, dies in Antakya, Turkey, after surgery, becoming the 23rd journalist to be killed in the conflict. [117]

The LCC reported 140 people killed, including 40 in the Damascus suburbs. [118]

25 February

Syria's foreign minister said the Assad government was willing to meet with rebels, the first time that a high-ranking official has indicated a desire for such talks. The opposition calls the offer disingenuous. [119]

The Syrian opposition agrees to attend an international summit in Rome, Italy, after foreign aid pledge. [119]

The LCC reported 135 people killed, including 40 in the Damascus suburbs. [120] 10303

26 February

The LCC reported 111 people killed, including 51 in the Damascus suburbs and 50 in Aleppo. [121]

27 February

The LCC reported 210 people killed, including 106 in Aleppo, among 72 of them field executed in a town near Safira. 61 were killed in the Damascus suburbs. [122]

28 February

The United States announces that it will provide $60 million of food and medical aid, but not weapons, to rebel fighters. [123]

The LCC reported 98 people killed, including 35 in the Damascus suburbs, and 33 in Aleppo. [124]

March 2013

1 March

The LCC reported 125 people killed, including 55 in Aleppo, and 45 in the Damascus suburbs. [125]

2 March

The LCC reported 133 people killed, including 36 in the Damascus suburbs. [126] According to the rebels, one of the most ancient synagogues in the world, and the oldest one in Syria, was damaged by the Syrian Army. The synagogue which is named "Synagogue of Eliahu the Prophet" is located at Jubr neighbourhood in north-east Damascus. [127]

3 March

The LCC reported 154 people killed, including 44 in the Damascus suburbs. [128] Anti-Assad fighters stormed Raqqa city's central prison, and after rebels swept government forces from much of the provincial capital on Monday, euphoric residents poured into the main square and tore down a bronze statue of Assad's late father, Hafez. [129]

4 March

The rebels captured the city of Raqqa, the capital of the Raqqa province with a population of over 200,000. [130] [131]

The LCC reported 149 people killed, including 40 in the Damascus suburbs. [132]

5 March

The LCC reported 134 people killed, including 34 in the Damascus suburbs. [133]

6 March

Syrian rebels capture Ar-Raqqah, the first major city to be under rebel control in the Syrian civil war. [134]

British Foreign Secretary William Hague announces the UK will send armoured vehicles and body armour to opposition forces in Syria to help save lives. [135]

The Syrian Opposition claims that the government of President Bashar al-Assad used chemical weapons in an attack on their forces in Aleppo (See Khan al-Assal chemical attack). [136]

Rebels kidnapped [137] [138] [139] [140] 21 Filipino UNDOF peacekeepers on the disputed Golan Heights between Syria and Israel. [141] On a video uploaded to YouTube, a group that identified itself as "The Martyrs of Yarmouk" claimed responsibility and said the peacekeepers would be held until Syrian government forces withdrew from the area around Al Jamlah. [142] However, the leader of the political opposition later said that the peacekeepers of their own safety.[ clarification needed ] He said the UN convoy was at risk in the area, which is under Syrian government bombardment, and that the peacekeepers would be released to the Red Cross. Video footage showed the peacekeepers, one of whom said, "We are here safe in this place. We are here because while we are passing through position (unintelligible) to Jamlah, there were bombing and artillery fires. This is why we stopped and, civilian people tell us, for our safety, and distributed us in different places to keep us safe. And they give us good accommodation and give us food to eat and water to drink." [143]

The LCC reported 141 people killed, including 34 in the Damascus suburbs. [144]

7 March

The LCC reported 111 people killed, including 23 in the Damascus suburbs and 23 in Aleppo. [145]

8 March - Friday of "Revolutionary Women"

The UN has organized the release of its 21 kidnapped peacekeepers however the operation was abandoned due to safety concerns by the UN. [146]

The LCC reported 81 people killed, including 29 in the Damascus suburbs. [147]

9 March

The LCC reported 111 people killed, including 44 in the Damascus suburbs. [148]

The UN Peacekeepers were released by Syrian rebels to Jordanian authorities, all peacekeepers were unharmed. [149]

10 March

The LCC reported 125 people killed, including 46 in the Damascus suburbs. [150]

11 March

The LCC reported 121 people killed, including 36 in the Damascus suburbs. [151]

Ukrainian journalist Anhar Kochneva escaped rebel custody after five months of imprisonment. [152]

12 March

The LCC reported 103 people killed, including 50 in the Damascus suburbs. [153]

13 March

The LCC reported 103 people killed, including 38 in the Damascus suburbs. [154]

14 March

The LCC reported 137 people killed, including 37 in the Damascus suburbs. [155]

15 March - Two year mark [156]

The LCC reported 144 people killed, including 59 in the Damascus suburbs. [157] News Line Institute later reported that largely Christian pro-government militias carried out a massacre of pro-opposition civilians in the township of Kfar Hod. [158]

16 March

The LCC reported 144 people killed, including 41 in the Damascus suburbs. [159]

17 March

Rebels claimed that General Mohammed Khalluf, the chief of the Syrian army's logistics, and his son, a captain of a reconnaissance unit, had both defected. [160]

The LCC reported 119 people killed, including 52 in the Damascus suburbs. [161]

18 March

Syrian Air Force planes bombed suspected rebel stronghold in Lebanon for the first time. It was the first time that the Syrian Air Force had bombed Lebanon. [162]

The LCC reported 128 people killed, including 46 in the Damascus suburbs. [163]

19 March

On 19 March chemical weapons, specifically Sarin, was used for the first time in the Syrian Civil War (previous incidents have been alleged), in the Khan al-Assal chemical attack. [164] SANA reported 25 dead in an attack in Khan al-Assal, Aleppo province, [165] while some reports placed the number of deaths at 40. The gas used was described as having a "chlorine-like smell". Rebels alleged that a SCUD missile was used to deliver the agent. The Syrian Information Minister blamed the rebels for the attack. [166] [167] The attacks occurred in a village held at the time by the Syrian Army. [168] It was, however, noted by an Obama administration official at the White House that they had "no information suggesting opposition groups have chemical weapons capability". [169] Senior US intelligence officials said there is a "high probability" that Syria deployed chemical weapons in the ongoing civil war, but final verification is needed. [170] On a video distributed on YouTube it was alleged that chemical weapons had also been deployed in an attack in Ateibeh, near Damascus. [171]

The LCC reported 131 people killed, including 46 in the Damascus suburbs. [172]

20 March

The LCC reported 140 people killed, including 57 in the Damascus suburbs. [173]

21 March

The Syrian government says a bomb attack in Damascus killed 42, including a senior pro-Assad Sunni cleric Sheikh Mohamed Said Ramadan Al-Bouti, and wounded 84. [174] According to the BBC's Jim Muir a video circulating on the internet purporting to show the explosion of 21 March in the mosque "raises many questions about the death of a man who was more familiar to Syrian TV viewers than anybody other than President Bashar al-Assad". [175]

The LCC reported 181 people killed, including 90 in Damascus and its suburbs. [18]

22 March

The LCC reported 100 people killed, including 28 in the Damascus suburbs. [176]

23 March

An IDF jeep was hit by stray gunfire from the Syrian-controlled side of the Golan Heights, no casualties. [177]

The LCC reported 76 people killed, including 25 in the Damascus suburbs. [178]

24 March

The LCC reported 139 people killed, including 75 in the Damascus suburbs. [179]

25 March

Rebel leader Riad al-Asaad was injured by a bomb that was directed at a car he was in. [180]

The LCC reported 102 people killed, including 33 in the Damascus suburbs. [181]

26 March

The Arab League summit begins in Qatar, Doha. The Syrian opposition (the National Coalition) takes Syria's official seat summit in Doha, Qatar. The National Coalition delegation is led by Moaz al-Khatib, who has offered to resign as the head of the Coalition. The Syria conflict is a key issue of the summit. [182]

The LCC reported 154 people killed, including 48 in the Damascus suburbs. [183]

27 March

The Syrian opposition opens its first embassy, in Qatar. [184]

The LCC reported 104 people killed, including 43 in the Damascus suburbs. [185]

28 March

Syrian rebels have claimed, in a statement, that they shot down an Iranian cargo plane landing at Damascus Airport. [186] [187]

The LCC reported 141 people were killed, including 51 in Damascus and its suburbs. [188]

29 March

The LCC reported 150 people killed, including 52 in the Damascus suburbs. [189]

30 March

The LCC reported 114 people killed, including 48 in the Damascus suburbs. [190]

31 March

In Deir al-Zour three oil wells were destroyed leading to the destruction of 52 cubic meters of natural gas and 4,670 barrels of oil according to state media. [191]

The LCC reported 146 people killed, including 97 in the Damascus suburbs. [192]

April 2013

1 April

The LCC reported 146 people killed, including 55 in the Damascus suburbs. [193]

March has been the bloodiest month of the Syrian civil war with 6,000 deaths according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. [194]

2 April

The LCC reported 113 people killed, including 58 in the Damascus suburbs. [195]

3 April

The LCC reported 130 people killed, including 48 in Aleppo and 40 in the Damascus suburbs. [196]

4 April

The LCC reported 79 people killed, including 31 in Aleppo and 21 in the Damascus suburbs. [197]

5 April - Friday of refugees

The LCC reported 83 people killed, including 48 in the Damascus suburbs. [198]

6 April

The LCC said that Syrian troops shelled the Damascus neighborhood of Baraza with Toshka surface-to-surface missiles. The attack comes a few days after same missiles were used on Yarmuk camp. [199]

The LCC reported 116 people killed, including 37 in Aleppo and 34 in the Damascus suburbs. [200]

7 April

The LCC reported 151 people killed, including 48 in the Damascus suburbs. [201]

8 April

The LCC reported 79 people killed, including 34 in the Damascus suburbs. [202]

9 April

The LCC reported 113 people killed, including 23 in the Damascus suburbs. [203]

10 April

Activists including the LCC reported that the Syrian army committed a massacre of at least 42 people in the Daraa town of Sanamayn. [204]

By the end of the day the LCC reported 154 people killed, including 63 in the Daraa province and 44 in the Damascus suburbs. [205]

11 April

The LCC reported 149 people killed, including 41 in Homs. [206]

12 April - Friday of "Syria is stronger than those who divide it" [207]

The LCC reported 119 people killed, including 47 in the Damascus suburbs. [208]

13 April

The Times reports that evidence smuggled out of Syria indicates the use of chemical weapons in the ongoing conflict. [209]

Nerve gas was reported as being used in the majority Kurdish Sheikh Maqsood area of Aleppo. An anonymous doctor reported that the attack had the signs of nerve gas leaving three dead and a dozen wounded. 1,500 doses of atropine were used with a further 2,000 being sent in by aid agencies. Atropine is a recognised antidote to nerve gases. [210]

The LCC reported 115 people killed, including 32 in the Idlib province. [211]

14 April

The LCC reported 124 people killed, including 34 in the Damascus suburbs. [212]

15 April

The LCC reported 75 people killed, including 47 in the Damascus suburbs. [213]

16 April

The LCC reported 119 people killed, including 49 in Aleppo. [214]

For the first time in months, a truce in Aleppo came into effect, allowing Red Crescent workers to collect bodies from the front line. Remains of 31 people were retrieved from the rubble. [215]

17 April

The LCC reported 157 civilians and rebels were killed, including 75 in the Damascus suburbs, most due to Syrian army artillery shelling on civilian houses. The Committees have documented 296 points of bombing in various Syrian cities and towns. Aviation bombardments by warplanes counted in 16 points in various regions. 112 pro-government troops were also killed. [216]

18 April

The FSA took control of Al-Dab'a Air Base near the city of Al Qusayr. [217] Meanwhile, the Syrian army took control over the town of Abel in Homs governorate. The SOHR director described the Army takeover of the town by saying that it will hamper rebel movements between Al Qusayr and Homs city. According to him, the capture of the airport would have relieved the pressure on the rebels in the area, but their loss of Abel made the situation more complicated. [218] [219]

Saleh Muslim, head of the Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD), said a recent wave of Syrian army attacks on Kurdish towns may have been prompted by non-aggression pacts reached between Kurds and some moderate factions in the rebel forces. [220]

Israel's prime minister Netanyahu declined to rule out the possibility of providing arms to Syrian rebel groups, saying that the decision of whether to intervene in the neighboring civil war is a "complicated question." [221]

The LCC reported 111 civilians and rebel fighters were killed by government forces, including 53 in the Damascus suburbs. [222]

19 April

The LCC reported 138 civilians and rebel fighters were killed, including 26 children. Most of the dead were reported killed by the Syrian army's artillery shelling. 56 of the 138 were killed in the Damascus suburbs. [223]

20 April

Government troops captured the village of Radwaniyeh, near Al Qusayr, tightening the siege of the city. Meanwhile, the Syrian army was pressing to take full control of the town of Jdaidet al-Fadl, southwest of Damascus, where rebels entered the town four days prior. 69 people were killed in a four-day battle, most of them rebels. [224]

The LCC reported 82 civilians and rebel fighters killed, including 28 in the Damascus suburbs. [225]

21 April

The Syrian Army captured Jdaidet al-Fadl, amid opposition claims of a massacre being committed. SOHR stated 250 people were killed since the start of the battle for Jdaidet al-Fadl, five days prior, with them being able to document, by name, 80 of the dead, including 19 rebels. Another opposition claim put the death toll at 450. [226] [227] The LCC reported 450 people were killed in the battle for the town, 300 of them civilians and 150 rebels. [228]

Locals and activists in Damascus report that the Syrian Army killed at least 100 people in the suburb of Jdeit al-Fadel. [229]

By the end of the day the LCC reported 566 people killed in total throughout Syria. [230]

22 April

The European Union eases an oil trade embargo it imposed on Syria during the early stages of the civil war to help the finances of the opposition; European companies will now be able to import crude oil and petroleum products from opposition-held areas, where approved by the opposition National Coalition. [231]

The LCC reported 106 people killed, including 47 in the Damascus suburbs. [232]

23 April

The LCC reported 136 people killed, including 53 in the Damascus suburbs. [233]

24 April

The LCC reported 124 people killed, including 27 in the Damascus suburbs and 27 in Aleppo. [234]

25 April

The United States Secretary of Defence Chuck Hagel claims that US intelligence has concluded "with some degree of varying confidence" that the Government of Syria has used sarin gas during the past two years in the civil war, echoing previous statements from Britain, France, and Israel. [235]

The LCC reported 124 people killed, including 51 in the Damascus suburbs. [236]

26 April

The LCC reported 139 people killed, including 29 in the Damascus suburbs. [237]

27 April

The LCC reported 152 people killed, including 60 in the Damascus suburbs. [238]

28 April

The LCC reported 120 people killed, including 32 in Aleppo and 21 in the Damascus suburbs. [239]

29 April

Two surface to air missiles were fired at a Russian charter jet belonging to Nordwind Airlines. The plane was carrying 159 people, the pilots took evasive action and the plane continued onto Kazan undamaged. [240]

The LCC reported 119 people killed, including 36 in the Damascus suburbs and 34 in Aleppo. [241]

30 April

A bomb explodes in Damascus, killing 13 and wounding 70. SOHR accounted for 9 civilian and 3 security forces casualties. [242]

The LCC reported 173 people killed, including 53 in the Hama governorate and 49 in Damascus and its suburbs. Among the dead were 6 women, 9 children, and 14 killed under torture. The LCC documented 347 points of artillery shelling. [243]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Free Syrian Army</span> Opposition faction in the Syrian Civil War

The Free Syrian Army is a big-tent coalition of decentralized Syrian opposition rebel groups in the Syrian civil war founded on 29 July 2011 by Colonel Riad al-Asaad and six officers who defected from the Syrian Armed Forces. The officers announced that the immediate priority of the Free Syrian Army was to safeguard the lives of protestors and civilians from the deadly crackdown by Bashar al-Assad's security apparatus; with the ultimate goal of accomplishing the objectives of the Syrian revolution, namely, the end to the decades-long reign of the ruling al-Assad family. In late 2011, the FSA was the main Syrian military defectors group. Initially a formal military organization at its founding, its original command structure dissipated by 2016, and the FSA identity has since been used by various Syrian opposition groups.

The Rif Dimashq clashes were a series of unrests and armed clashes in and around Damascus, the capital of Syria, from November 2011 until a stalemate in March 2012. The violence was part of the wider early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war. Large pro-government and anti-government protests took place in the suburbs and center of Damascus, with the situation escalating when members of the Free Syrian Army (FSA) started attacking military targets in November.

The following is a timeline of the Syrian Civil War from January to April 2012, during which time the spate of protests that began in January 2011 lasted into another calendar year. An Arab League monitoring mission ended in failure as Syrian troops and anti-government militants continued to do battle across the country and the Syrian government prevented foreign observers from touring active battlefields, including besieged opposition strongholds. A United Nations-backed ceasefire brokered by special envoy Kofi Annan met a similar fate, with unarmed UN peacekeepers' movements tightly controlled by the government and fighting.

The Local Coordination Committees of Syria are a network of local groups that organise and report on protests as part of the Syrian uprising. In June 2011, the network was described by The New York Times as beginning to "emerge as a pivotal force" in Syria. As of August 2011, the network supported civil disobedience and opposed local armed resistance and international military intervention as methods of opposing the Syrian government.

The Battle of Zabadani took place in January through February 2012, during the Syrian civil war. During the initial stages of the battle, the rebel FSA took control of the town. However, less than a month later, the Army retook control of Zabadani, forcing rebel fighters to withdraw towards the Lebanese border.

The Battle of Douma was a military engagement during the Syrian civil war. The battle began on 21 January 2012, after Free Syrian Army fighters changed their tactics from attack and retreat guerrilla warfare in the suburbs of Damascus to all-out assault on army units. Earlier in January, the FSA had taken the town of Zabadani, and consequently gained control over large portions of Douma. After a general offensive in the suburbs, Douma was retaken by the Syrian army at the same time as the other rebelling suburbs.

The following is a timeline of the Syrian Civil War from May to August 2012. The majority of death tolls reported for each day comes from the Local Coordination Committees, an opposition activist group based in Syria, and the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, another opposition group based in London.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Damascus (2012)</span> During the Syrian civil war

The Battle of Damascus, also known as Operation Damascus Volcano, started on 15 July 2012 during the Syrian civil war. It is unclear who started the battle. Thousands of rebels infiltrated Damascus from the surrounding countryside. Following this, according to some reports, the opposition forces launched an operation to capture the capital, while according to other reports, the military learned of the large-scale rebel operation beforehand and made a preemptive strike. Some reports even suggested the rebels launched the operation prematurely due to their plans being discovered by the security forces.

This page provides maps and a list of cities and towns during the Syrian civil war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rif Dimashq offensive (August–October 2012)</span> Syrian army campaign

The Rif Dimashq offensive was a Syrian Army offensive in the Rif Dimashq Governorate during August–October 2012, as part of the Syrian Civil War.

The following is a timeline of the Syrian Civil War from September to December 2012. Information about aggregated casualty counts is found at Casualties of the Syrian Civil War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 Hama offensive</span> Military operation during the Syrian Civil War

The 2012 Hama offensive was a military operation during the Syrian Civil War launched by the Syrian opposition on 16 December 2012, with the intent of taking control of the Hama Province. The offensive was stopped after the Syrian Army launched a counter-offensive, leaving the rebels in control of only half a dozen towns and villages in the north of the province.

The Battle of Darayya was fought from the end of 2012 to the beginning of 2013 between the Syrian Army and the Syrian rebels in the Damascus suburb of Darayya.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Damascus offensive (2013)</span> Part of the Syrian Civil War

The Damascus offensive (2013) refers to a series of rebel operations that began in early February 2013 in and around the city of Damascus.

The following is a timeline of the Syrian civil war from May to December 2013. Information about aggregated casualty counts is found at Casualties of the Syrian Civil War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)</span> 2013 campaign during the Syrian civil war

The October–December 2013 Aleppo offensive or Operation Northern Storm was a campaign during the Syrian civil war launched by the Syrian army in the Aleppo Governorate to reopen a key supply route linking central Syria to the largest city, Aleppo. The offensive began when the Syrian Army attacked the strategic town of Khanasir.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)</span> Military offensive

The Rif Dimashq offensive was a Syrian government forces and allies offensive in the Rif Dimashq Governorate, that was launched in mid-September 2013, as part of the Syrian Civil War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war</span> Part of the Syrian Civil War

The 2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian Civil War refers to the third phase of the Syrian Civil War, which gradually escalated from a UN-mediated cease fire attempt during April–May 2012 and deteriorated into radical violence, escalating the conflict level to a full-fledged civil war.

References

  1. ↑ "Syria's grim toll continues into 2013 - CNN.com". Edition.cnn.com. 2 January 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  2. ↑ "Violence Escalates in Syrian Civil War on New Year's Day - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency". Novinite.com. 1 January 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  3. ↑ "WVU College of Law gains asylum for Syrian mother, son". West Virginia Record. 1 January 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  4. ↑ "Syria Today 1-1-2013 | Local coordination committees of Syria". Lccsyria.org. Archived from the original on 8 July 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  5. ↑ "At least 20 soldiers, including a general, defected from the army and fled to Turkey, Turkish diplomat says - Al Jazeera Blogs". Blogs.aljazeera.com. 1 January 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  6. ↑ Agence France-Presse (1 January 2013). "Syrian Troops, General Defect to Turkey". Naharnet.
  7. ↑ "Syrian soldiers, general defect to Turkey amid fighting". Al Arabiya. 2 January 2013. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  8. ↑ Ackerman, Spencer (28 March 2013). "Data Dive Reveals 15,000 New Victims of Syria War | Danger Room". Wired. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  9. ↑ "Syria Today 2-1-2013 | Local coordination committees of Syria". Lccsyria.org. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  10. ↑ "At least 30 killed as Syria warplanes bomb gas station near Damascus". Haaretz . 2 January 2013.
  11. ↑ "Syrian warplanes bomb Damascus gas station". CBS News. 2 January 2013.
  12. ↑ Mroue, Bassem (2 January 2013). "Dozens die in Damascus as Syrian warplane strikes gas station". Postmedia News. Archived from the original on 15 February 2013.
  13. ↑ "U.N.'s Syria death toll jumps dramatically to 60,000-plus". CNN. 3 January 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  14. ↑ "Deadly car bomb strikes northern Damascus". Trend.az. 4 January 2013.
  15. ↑ "Archived" . Retrieved 19 May 2023.[ dead link ]
  16. ↑ "Syrian activists say at least 9 killed by Damascus car bomb". Vancouver Sun . Associated Press. 3 January 2013. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013.
  17. ↑ Associated Press Television News (4 January 2013). "Aftermath of car bomb attack at a petrol station in Damascus". Nile TV. Archived from the original on 24 October 2014.
  18. 1 2 3 4 "Local coordination committees of Syria". Lccsyria.org. 16 April 2013. Archived from the original on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  19. 1 2 3 January 2012. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
  20. ↑ "BBC News - Nato deploying Patriot missiles to Turkey-Syria border". Bbc.co.uk. 4 January 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  21. ↑ "Syria Today 4-1-2013 | Local coordination committees of Syria". Lccsyria.org. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  22. ↑ "Syria fights off rebel advance on Damascus" . Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  23. ↑ "Syrian rebel leader talks victory and squalor". CNN.com. 6 January 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  24. ↑ Robert Berger (6 January 2013). "Israel to Build Syrian Border Fence". Voanews.com. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  25. ↑ "Syria Today 6-1-2013 | Local coordination committees of Syria". Lccsyria.org. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  26. ↑ "Syria Today 7-1-2013 | Local coordination committees of Syria". Lccsyria.org. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  27. ↑ Gavlak, Dale (8 January 2013). "Riot breaks out in Syrian refugee camp in Jordan". National Post. Associated Press. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  28. ↑ "Syria Today 8-1-2013 | Local coordination committees of Syria". Lccsyria.org. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  29. ↑ "Syrian regime commits new massacre in Idlib: opposition group". English.alarabiya.net. 8 January 2013. Archived from the original on 8 January 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  30. ↑ Barnard, Anne; Arsu, Sebnem (9 January 2013). "Iranian Captives Freed in Major Prisoner Exchange in Syria". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  31. ↑ "Rights group: Rebels claim to take control over Taftanaz military base in Idlib province - Al Jazeera Blogs". Blogs.aljazeera.com. 9 January 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  32. ↑ (in Vietnamese) Quân nổi dậy Syria bao vây căn cứ không quân chế độ Assad Archived 25 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved 2013-06-28.
  33. ↑ "Syria Today 9-1-2013 | Local coordination committees of Syria". Lccsyria.org. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  34. ↑ "Syria Today 10-1-2013 | Local coordination committees of Syria". Lccsyria.org. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  35. ↑ Linux Beach (11 January 2013). "#Syria: Friday of the Death Camps". Daily Kos. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  36. ↑ "Jordan Pulls Israel Card to Deny Syrian Palestinians Help". Tablet Magazine. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  37. ↑ "Syrian Warplanes Bomb Damascus Suburbs". Huffingtonpost.com. 13 January 2013. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  38. ↑ "Syrian forces kill dozens in bombardments: Opposition". NDTV.com. 14 January 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  39. ↑ "Syria Today 13-1-2013 | Local coordination committees of Syria". Lccsyria.org. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  40. ↑ Barnard, Anne (19 January 2013). "Syria Reacts With Outrage to War-Crimes Petition". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  41. ↑ "Syria Today 14-1-2013 | Local coordination committees of Syria". Lccsyria.org. Archived from the original on 20 June 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  42. ↑ "Dozens die in Syrian university bomb blasts". Stuff.co.nz. 16 January 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  43. ↑ "Massacre of over 100 reported in Syria's Homs". NDTV.com. 18 January 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  44. ↑ "Syria Today 15-1-2013 | Local coordination committees of Syria". Lccsyria.org. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  45. ↑ "BBC News, 11 March 2013". BBC News. 11 March 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  46. ↑ . 17 January 2012. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  47. ↑ Bill Neely(International Editor) (17 January 2013). "Claim and counter-claim surrounds latest Syria 'massacre' - ITV News". Itv.com. Retrieved 22 April 2013.{{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  48. ↑ Coordinated car bombs kill 24 in northwest Syria 16 January 2013 Archived 22 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  49. ↑ "Syria Homs attack 'may have included use of chemical weapons' 16 Jan 2013". Telegraph.co.uk. 16 January 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  50. ↑ "Syria Today 16-1-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  51. ↑ "Syria crisis: BBC sees evidence of Homs massacre - BBC News". BBC News. 18 January 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  52. ↑ "Foreign Ministry: Brahimi Statements Deviate from the Essence of his Mission". Syrian Arab News Agency . 10 January 2013. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  53. ↑ "Syria Today 17-1-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  54. ↑ "Syria Protests January 18, 2013 : A Video Roundup :: www.uruknet.info :: informazione dal medio oriente :: information from middle east :: [vs-1]" . Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  55. ↑ "Kurd-jihadist firefights rage in Syria". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  56. ↑ "Snipers kill two foreign reporters in Syria 19 January 2013". ABC News. 18 January 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  57. ↑ "Syria Today 18-1-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  58. ↑ "Defected Syrian pilot launches air strikes on regime army positions". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  59. ↑ "Syria Today 19-1-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  60. ↑ "Syria Today 20-1-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  61. ↑ "Syria Today 21-1-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  62. ↑ "Planes sent to evacuate Russians from Syria 22 January 2013" . Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  63. ↑ "Syria Today 22-1-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  64. ↑ "Russia says no large-scale evacuation of its citizens from Syria planned for now 23 January 2013". The Washington Post . Retrieved 16 September 2017.[ dead link ]
  65. ↑ "Archived". Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  66. ↑ "Jordan reels over Syrian refugee crisis" . Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  67. ↑ "Syria Today 24-1-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  68. ↑ "Syria Today 25-1-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  69. ↑ "Syria Today 26-1-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  70. ↑ "Israel Girds for Attacks as Syria Falls Apart (Published 2013)". The New York Times . Archived from the original on 18 December 2021.
  71. ↑ "Medvedev: Assad's chances of retaining power in Syria are shrinking 27 January 2013". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  72. ↑ "Syria Today 27-1-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  73. ↑ "Syria Today 28-1-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  74. ↑ "Dozens of bodies found 'executed' in Syria". 29 January 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  75. ↑ "Syria Today 29-1-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  76. ↑ . 29 January 2013. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. Retrieved 31 January 2013
  77. ↑ "Syria confirms Israeli airstrike" . Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  78. ↑ Russia concern at Israeli 'air strike' on Syria 31 January 2013
  79. ↑ "Syria Today 30-1-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  80. ↑ "Syria Today 31-1-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  81. ↑ "Syria troops launch wide-scale attacks on rebels near Damascus 1 February 2013". Haaretz.com. 1 February 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  82. ↑ "Syria Today 1-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  83. ↑ "Syrian rebels capture key area near Aleppo airport 2 February 2013". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  84. ↑ "Syria Today 2-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  85. ↑ "Syria Today3-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  86. ↑ "Syrian Government Bombs Aleppo District, Killing 16". VOA. 3 February 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  87. ↑ "Syria Today 4-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  88. ↑ Mourtada, Hania; Gladstone, Rick (6 February 2013). "Clashes Erupt in Damascus; Prospects for Talks Dim". The New York Times.
  89. ↑ "Syria Today 6-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  90. ↑ "Satellite shows Syria lab unscathed by Israel 7 February 2013". The Sydney Morning Herald. 6 February 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  91. ↑ "Syria Today 7-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  92. ↑ "Syrian troops battle rebels around Damascus" . Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  93. ↑ "Syria Today 8-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  94. ↑ Staff, CNN (11 February 2013). "Syrian army in Homs is showing strains of war". CNN. Retrieved 8 June 2016.{{cite news}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
  95. ↑ "Syria Today 9-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  96. ↑ "Syria Today 10-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  97. ↑ "Syrian rebels claim capture of Euphrates dam" . Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  98. ↑ "Syria Today 11-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  99. ↑ "Syrian rebels 'capture' air base in Aleppo" . Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  100. ↑ "Syria Today 12-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  101. ↑ "Syria Today 13-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  102. ↑ "Syrian rebels shoot down military warplanes" . Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  103. ↑ "Syria Today 14-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  104. ↑ "EA WorldView - Home - Syria Live Coverage: Insurgents Advance in South and East, Down Regime Jets" . Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  105. ↑ "Around 40,000 flee heavy fighting in east Syria: U.N." Reuters. 15 February 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  106. ↑ "Syria Today 15-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  107. ↑ "Syria Today 16-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  108. ↑ ABC News. "Israel Treats Wounded Syrians Along Frontier 16 February 2013". ABC News. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  109. ↑ "Syria Today 18-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  110. ↑ "Syria Today 19-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  111. ↑ "Syria Today 20-2-213 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  112. ↑ "Syria Today 21-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  113. ↑ "Syria Today 22-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  114. ↑ Scud Missile Attack Reported in Aleppo February 22, 2013
  115. ↑ "Rockets hit Aleppo, killing at least 29: monitor 22 Feb 2013". Reuters. 22 February 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  116. ↑ "Syria Today 23-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  117. ↑ "French photographer mortally wounded in Syria described adrenaline in war | Fox News". Fox News. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  118. ↑ "Syria Today 24-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  119. 1 2 "Kerry promises fresh ideas to stop Syrian war". The Washington Post. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  120. ↑ "Syria Today 25-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  121. ↑ "Syria Today 26-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  122. ↑ "Syria Today 27-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  123. ↑ "Syria rebels to get direct non-lethal support from U.S. for 1st time, Secretary Kerry announces". cbsnews.com. 28 February 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  124. ↑ "Syria Today 28-2-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  125. ↑ "Syria Today 1-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  126. ↑ "Syria Today 2-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  127. ↑ "דמשק: נהרס אחד מבתי הכנסת העתיקים בעולם". הארץ. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  128. ↑ "Syria Today 3-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  129. ↑ Lucas, Ryan (5 March 2013). "Syrian Rebels Battle Regime Holdouts in Raqqa". Archived from the original on 10 March 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  130. ↑ Adnan, Duraid; Gladstone, Rick (4 March 2013). "Massacre of Syrian Soldiers in Iraq Raises Risk of Widening Conflict". The New York Times.
  131. ↑ Weaver, Matthew (5 March 2013). "The Guardian, 5 March 2013". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  132. ↑ "Syria Today 4-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  133. ↑ "Syria Today5-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  134. ↑ "Syrian activists say rebels seize security buildings in Raqqa, declare it 1st 'liberated' city | Fox News". Fox News. 6 March 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  135. ↑ "William Hague offers Syrian rebels armoured vehicles and body armour". Telegraph.co.uk. 6 March 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  136. ↑ Barnard, Anne (19 March 2013). "Syria and Activists Trade Accusations on Chemical Weapons". The New York Times.
  137. ↑ "Kidnapped UN peacekeepers say they are 'safe'" . Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  138. ↑ "Syria (News)". The Guardian. London. 7 March 2013.
  139. ↑ "Belfast article".
  140. ↑ "Kidnapping of UN peacekeepers raises doubts about Syria's opposition – Toronto Star". The Star. Toronto.
  141. ↑ "UN demands Syria rebels free peacekeepers March 07, 2013". NewsComAu. 7 March 2013. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  142. ↑ Gladstone, Rick; Cowell, Alan (7 March 2013). "U.N. Starts Talks to Free Peacekeepers Held by Syria Rebels". The New York Times . Retrieved 7 March 2013.
  143. ↑ "Rebel leader: Red Cross can pick up 21 U.N. peacekeepers". CNN. 7 March 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  144. ↑ "Syria Today 6-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  145. ↑ "Syria Today 7-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  146. ↑ "Unsafe conditions scuttle release of U.N. peacekeepers in Syria: U.N. 8 March 2013". Reuters. 8 March 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  147. ↑ "Syria Today 8-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  148. ↑ "Syria Today 9-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  149. ↑ Rebels in Syria Release U.N. Peacekeepers to Jordan, Easing Crisis in Border Zone 9 March 2013
  150. ↑ "Syria Today 10-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  151. ↑ "Syria Today 11-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  152. ↑ "Ukrainian Blogger Escapes Her Syrian Captors (Published 2013)". The New York Times . 11 March 2013. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017.
  153. ↑ "Syria Today 12-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  154. ↑ "Syria Today 13-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  155. ↑ "Syria Today 14-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  156. ↑ "2 years into Syrian uprising, revolutionaries reflect on dreams, cost". CNN.com. 15 March 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  157. ↑ "Syria Today 15-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  158. ↑ Baiou, Sabrine (29 November 2021). "Under the Guise of Aid: The Far-Right French NGO Allegedly Supporting War Crimes in Syria". New Lines Institute. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  159. ↑ "Syria Today 16-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  160. ↑ "Syria general defects to Jordan: activists 17 March 2013" . Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  161. ↑ "Syria Today 17-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  162. ↑ "Syrian planes 'bomb' Lebanon border area 18 March 2013" . Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  163. ↑ "Syria Today 18-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 16 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  164. ↑ "Human rights situations that require the Council's attention". United Nations. 12 February 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  165. ↑ Barnard, Anne (19 March 2013). "Syria and Activists Trade Charges on Chemical Weapons". The New York Times . Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  166. ↑ "Syria rebels and government blame each other for 1st alleged chemical weapons attack 19 March 2013". CBS News . 19 March 2013. Archived from the original on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  167. ↑ "Dueling Claims In Syria After Unconfirmed Reports About Chemical Weapons March 19, 2013". NPR.org. 19 March 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  168. ↑ "United Nations Mission on Investigate Allegations of the Use of Chemical Weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic" (PDF). United Nations. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
  169. ↑ Barnard, Anne (19 March 2013). "Syria and Activists Trade Charges on Chemical Weapons". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
  170. ↑ "'High probability' Syria used chemical weapon - CNN.com". Edition.cnn.com. 20 March 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  171. ↑ Stack, Liam (19 March 2013). "Video Said to Show Victims of Chemical Attack Near Damascus". NYTimes.com: Watching Syria's War. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  172. ↑ "Syria Today 19-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  173. ↑ "Syria Today 20-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  174. ↑ 42 die in bomb attack on Damascus mosque 22 Mar 2013
  175. ↑ "BBC News 10 April 2013". BBC News. 9 April 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  176. ↑ "Syria Today 22-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  177. ↑ "IDF jeep hit by stray gunfire from Syria 23 March 2013" . Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  178. ↑ "Syria Today 23-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  179. ↑ "Syria Today 24-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  180. ↑ "U.N. withdraws some staffers as violence rages in Syria - CNN.com". Edition.cnn.com. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  181. ↑ "Syria Today 25-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  182. ↑ "Opposition takes Syria seat at Arab League summit - BBC News". BBC News. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  183. ↑ "Syria Today 26-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  184. ↑ Staff, CNN (27 March 2013). "Syrian opposition opens embassy in Qatar - CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved 7 June 2016.{{cite news}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
  185. ↑ "Syria Today 27-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  186. ↑ "Syrian rebels claim to shoot down Iranian plane at airport 28 March 2013". Los Angeles Times. 28 March 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  187. ↑ "Syrian rebels claim Iranian plane shot down 28 March 2013". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  188. ↑ "Syria Today 28-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  189. ↑ "Syria Today 29-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  190. ↑ "Syria Today 30-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  191. ↑ "Syria blames rebels for setting oil wells on fire 31 March 2013". CBS News . 31 March 2013. Archived from the original on 1 April 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  192. ↑ "Syria Today 31-3-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  193. ↑ "Syria Today 1-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  194. ↑ "March 'deadliest month' in Syria's war 2 April 2013" . Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  195. ↑ "Syria Today 2-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  196. ↑ "Syria Today 3-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  197. ↑ "Syria Today 4-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  198. ↑ "Syria Today 5-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  199. ↑ "Syrian troops shell Damascus neighborhood with Toshka missiles - Alarabiya.net English - Front Page". 7 April 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  200. ↑ "Syria Today 6-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  201. ↑ "Syria Today 7-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  202. ↑ "Syria Today 8-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  203. ↑ "Syria Today 9-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  204. ↑ "EA WorldView - Home - Syria Live: Islamist Insurgents "Merging" with Al Qa'eda in Iraq?" . Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  205. ↑ "Syria Today 10-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  206. ↑ "Syria Today 11-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  207. ↑ "Message from the Local Coordination Committees in Syria to the World - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  208. ↑ "Syria Today 12-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  209. ↑ "Chemical weapons used in Syria: the first evidence | The Times". The Times (UK). 13 April 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  210. ↑ "Evidence of Nerve Gas in Aleppo Deaths April 17, 2013". ABC News. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  211. ↑ "Syria Today 13-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  212. ↑ "Syria Today 14-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  213. ↑ "Syria Today 15-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  214. ↑ "Syria Today 16-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 29 December 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  215. ↑ "Syrian guns fall silent to allow Aleppo's dead to be collected". Reuters. 16 April 2013. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
  216. ↑ "Syria Today 17-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 29 October 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  217. ↑ "Syria rebels claim strategic airbase". NewsComAu. 18 April 2013. Archived from the original on 31 July 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  218. ↑ "Syria troops seize strategic Homs village". GlobalPost. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  219. ↑ "Homs province". Facebook . Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  220. ↑ "Thursday 18 April 2013". 19 April 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  221. ↑ NewsDaily: Israeli PM doesn't rule out helping Syrian rebels
  222. ↑ "Syria Today 18-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 17 September 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  223. ↑ "Syria Today 19-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  224. ↑ Dozens killed in battle near Damascus: Watchdog Archived 20 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  225. ↑ "Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  226. ↑ "Syria army seizes Jdaidet al-Fadl 'killing dozens'". BBC News. 22 April 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  227. ↑ "Regime forces take full control of Jdeidat al-Fadl. Reports of 250 dead". Facebook . Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  228. ↑ "Syrian activist group: Record number of dead found". CNN. 21 April 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  229. ↑ "At least 100 dead after 6 days of clashes in Syria, activists say | Fox News". Fox News. 22 April 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  230. ↑ "Syria Today 21-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  231. ↑ "EU eases Syria oil embargo to help opposition". BBC News. 22 April 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  232. ↑ "Syria Today 22-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  233. ↑ "Syria Today 23-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 29 December 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  234. ↑ "Syria Today 24-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 29 October 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  235. ↑ "U.S. intelligence believes Syria's Assad used chemical weapons 'on a small scale'". The Washington Post. 25 April 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  236. ↑ "Syria Today 25-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 17 September 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  237. ↑ "Syria Today 26-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 17 September 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  238. ↑ "Syria Today 27-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  239. ↑ "Syria Today 28-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  240. ↑ "Missiles Fired At Passenger Jet Over Syria 29 April 2013". Sky News. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
  241. ↑ "Syria Today 29-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  242. ↑ "Bomb in Damascus kills 13-day after attack on prime minister". Reuters. 30 April 2013. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  243. ↑ "Syria Today 30-4-2013 - Local coordination committees of Syria". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.