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As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Saurashtra only once. [1] [2]
| Part of a series on |
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As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Saurashtra only once. [1] [2]
An Indo-Aryan language belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family, Saurashtra, once spoken in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat, is spoken today chiefly by a small population of Saurashtrians settled in parts of Tamil Nadu. With the Saurashtrian language being the only Indo-Aryan language employing a Dravidian script, the population's familiarity with the language resulted in the translation of the Tirukkural in this language spoken by a small number of people.
Tirukkural Payiram—Pitika Pragaranam by S. Sankhu Ram remains the only known translation of the Kural text into the Saurashtra language. It was posthumously published in 1980 in Madurai. [3] The work was published again in 1993. [3]
| Translation | Chapter 26, பல க2னிக் ஆக்ஷேபண | |
|---|---|---|
| Kural 254 (Couplet 26:4) | Kural 258 (Couplet 26:8) | |
| S. S. Ram, 1980 | த3க்ஷன்ஹரன் காய்மெனதி ஹிம்ஸஹரன் ஹிம்ஸகரன் அர்த்ஹரனு தேஆங்க்3 க2னி | சூக்து4வெ சொக்உசித ஸூரின்ஹாத் தெ4ர்னானு ஜீவ்ஜியெ ஆங்கு3 சக்னோ |
Saurashtra is an Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily by the Saurashtrians of Southern India who migrated from the Lata region of present-day Gujarat to south of Vindhyas in the Middle Ages.
The Saurashtra script is an abugida script that is used by Saurashtrians of Tamil Nadu to write the Saurashtra language. The script is of Brahmic origin, although its exact derivation is not known; it was later reformed and standardized by T. M. Rama Rai. Its usage has declined, and the Tamil and Latin scripts are now used more commonly.
The Tirukkuṟaḷ, or shortly theKural, is a classic Tamil language text consisting of 1,330 short couplets, or kurals, of seven words each. The text is divided into three books with aphoristic teachings on virtue (aram), wealth (porul) and love (inbam), respectively. It is widely acknowledged for its universality and secular nature. Its authorship is traditionally attributed to Valluvar, also known in full as Thiruvalluvar. The text has been dated variously from 300 BCE to 5th century CE. The traditional accounts describe it as the last work of the third Sangam, but linguistic analysis suggests a later date of 450 to 500 CE and that it was composed after the Sangam period.
Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the States of Puducherry, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. It is the tenth-largest state in India and the seventh most populous state.
The Saurashtra people, or Saurashtrians, are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic Hindu Brahmin community of South India who speak the Saurashtra language, an Indo-Aryan Gujarati language, and predominantly reside in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
Tirukkural, also known as the Kural, an ancient Indian treatise on the ethics and morality of the commoner, is one of the most widely translated non-religious works in the world. Authored by the ancient Tamil poet-philosopher Thiruvalluvar, the work has been translated into 57 languages, with a total of 350 individual translations, including 143 different renderings in the English language alone.
Tirukkural remains one of the most widely translated non-religious works in the world. As of 2014, there were at least 57 versions available in the English language alone. English, thus, continues to remain the language with most number of translations available of the Kural text.
Kannada has at least eight translations of the Tirukkural available as of 2014. Both prose and verse translations have been made in Kannada.
As of 2015, there are at least two translations of the Tirukkural available in the Polish language.
Among the European languages, German has the third highest number of translations of the Tirukkural, after English and French. As of 2015, there were at least eight translations of the Kural text available in German.
As of 2015, the Japanese language has two translations available of the Tirukkural.
Malayalam has seen the most number of Tirukkural translations than that of any other language in India. As of 2007, there are at least 21 translations of the Kural text available in Malayalam. Malayalam also has the distinction of producing the first ever translation of the Kural text among the languages in India and the world at large. The Annual Report of the Cochin Archeological Department for the year 1933–34 reported an unpublished manuscript of a Malayalam translation of the Tirukkural made in 1595.
As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Rajasthani only once.
As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Punjabi at least twice.
As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Sinhalese at least twice.
As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Czech only once.
As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Dutch only once.
As of 2015, Fijian had at least two translations available of the Tirukkural.
Sankhu Ram, also known as S. S. Ram, was an Indian poet of Sourashtra language. He is best known for translating the Tirukkural into Sourashtra.
Soibam Rebika Devi is an Indian translator who is best known for translating the Tirukkural into Meitei.
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