This article needs additional citations for verification .(August 2013) |
52°12′27″N0°07′03″E / 52.2074°N 0.1175°E | |
Location | Trinity College, Cambridge |
---|---|
Country | United Kingdom |
Denomination | Anglican |
Tradition | Anglo-Catholic |
History | |
Founded | 1567 |
Founder(s) | Mary I of England, Elizabeth I |
Architecture | |
Functional status | Active |
Heritage designation | Grade I listed |
Designated | 25 April 1950 [1] |
Architectural type | Tudor Gothic |
Style | Perpendicular |
Years built | 1554–1555 |
Completed | 1567 |
Specifications | |
Length | 205 feet (62 m) |
Width | 33 feet (10 m) |
Laity | |
Director of music | Steven Grahl (from January 2024) |
Music group(s) | Choir of Trinity College, Cambridge |
Trinity College Chapel is the chapel of Trinity College, Cambridge, a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Part of a complex of Grade I listed buildings at Trinity, it dates from the mid 16th century. [2] [3] It is an Anglican church in the Anglo-Catholic tradition.
The chapel was begun in 1554–55 by order of Queen Mary and was completed in 1567 by her half-sister, Elizabeth I. [4] The architectural style is Tudor-Gothic, with Perpendicular tracery and pinnacles. The roof is of an earlier style than the rest of the building, and may have been re-used from the chapel of King's Hall, the college which preceded Trinity on this site. Only the walls and roof are of Tudor date, but the walls were re-faced in ashlar in the 19th-century and present slate roof-covering is modern. [5] The whole chapel was restored by Edward Blore in 1832 and further work took place between 1868 and 1873 when Arthur Blomfield added the vestry, Choir-room and porch, and the Chapel re-roofed, painted and glazed. [2]
The original white-glass windows with religious inscriptions were replaced as part of the redecoration of the chapel that took place between 1871 and 1875. The cost of the redecoration works was £20,000 (equivalent to £2.4 million in 2023) of which £11,000 (equivalent to £1.3 million in 2023) was raised by subscriptions. [6] [7] This late Victorian pictorial stained glass was designed by Pre-Raphaelite artist Henry Holiday to a scheme devised by Trinity theologians, B.F. Westcott and F.J.A. Hort. [8] They comprise eight windows on the north side and seven on the south side of the quire, each depicting eight figures representing features or movements of the related period, in roughly historical sequence and arranged in an upper and lower row of four. The cost of the windows was supported by donors who were Trinity alumni themselves or given in dedication to the memory of alumni. [9]
The table below contains details of each window, with Latin inscription and related article link.
Window | Theme | (West) People (East) | Donor(s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
North 1 | Disciples of Christ | S. MARIA MAGD. Mary Magdalene | S. THOMAS Thomas the Apostle | S. MARTHA Martha | S. MARIA MARTHÆ SOROR Mary, sister of Martha | T. J. Phillips Jodrell |
NICODEMUS Nicodemus | S. NATHANIEL Saint Nathaniel | S. PHILIPPUS Philip the Apostle | S. ANDREAS Andrew the Apostle | |||
South 1 | Evangelists and Teachers | S. IACOBUS MI. James the Less | S. PETRUS Saint Peter | S. PAULUS Paul the Apostle | APOLLOS Apollos | Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro |
S. MATTHAEUS Matthew the Apostle | S. MARCUS Mark the Evangelist | S. LUCAS Luke the Evangelist | S. JOHANNES St John the Evangelist | |||
North 2 | The Ante-Nicene Church | S. CYPRIANUS Cyprian | ORIGENES Origen | TERTULLIANUS Tertullian | S. PERPETUA Perpetua | William George Clark |
S. PANTÆNUS Pantænus | S. JUSTINUS MAR. Justin Martyr | S. IGNATIUS Ignatius of Antioch | S. CLEMENS ROM. Pope Clement I | |||
South 2 | The Church of the First Days | CORNELIVS Cornelius the Centurion | S. DIONYSIVS Dionysius the Areopagite | LYDIA Lydia of Thyatira | ONESIMVS Onesimus | Revd Henry John Hotham [note 1] |
S. BARNABAS Barnabas | S. STEPHANVS Saint Stephen | S. TIMOTHEVS Saint Timothy | PHŒBE Phoebe | |||
North 3 | The Western Church | S. GREGORIUS M. Pope Gregory I | S. BENEDICTUS Benedict of Nursia | S. LEO MAGNUS Pope Leo I | S. MARTIN TUR. Martin of Tours | Revd Spencer Mansel, in memory of William Lort Mansel |
S. AUGUSTINUS HIP. Augustine of Hippo | S. MONNICA Saint Monica | S. HIERONYMUS Jerome | S. AMBROSIUS Ambrose | |||
South 3 | The Eastern Church | EUSEBIUS PAMPH. Eusebius | IMP. CONSTANTINUS M. Constantine the Great | HELENA AUG. Helena, mother of Constantine I | IMP. JUSTINIANUS Justinian I | Mrs Thrupp in memory of Joseph Francis Thrupp |
S. ATHANASIUS Athanasius of Alexandria | S. BASILIUS M. Basil of Caesarea | S. EPHRAEM SYRUS Ephrem the Syrian | S. JO. CHRYSOSTOMUS John Chrysostom | |||
North 4 | Latin Christianity | GIOTTUS Giotto | FRANCISCUS ASSIS Francis of Assisi | GREGORIUS VII Pope Gregory VII | COLUMBANUS Columbanus | Coutts Trotter |
DANTES ALLIGH Dante Alighieri | LUDOVICUS IX Louis IX of France | THOMAS AQUINAS Thomas Aquinas | IMP. CAROLUS M. Charlemagne | |||
South 4 | The Anglo-Saxon Church | BONAFACIUS AP. GER. Saint Boniface | BEDA VENERABILIS Bede | ALCUINUS Alcuin | ALFREDUS REX Alfred the Great | Mrs Mathison, in memory of the Revd William Collings Mathison [note 2] |
ALBANUS MARTYR Saint Alban | AUGUSTINUS ARCH. CANT. Augustine of Canterbury | BERTHA REG. CANT. Bertha of Kent | THEODORUS ARCH. CANT. Theodore of Tarsus | |||
North 5 | English Ecclesiastical Life before the Reformation | WOLSEY CARDINALIS Thomas Wolsey | GULIELMUS EP. WINTON William of Wykeham | ROBERTUS EP. LINCOLN Robert Grosseteste | HUGO EP. LINCOLN Hugh of Avalon | Augustus Arthur VanSittart |
STEPHANUS ARCHIEP. CANT. Stephen Langton | THOMAS ARCHIEP. CANT. Thomas Becket | ANSELMUS ARCHIEP. CANT. Anselm of Canterbury | LANFRANCUS ARCHIEP. CANT Lanfranc | |||
South 5 | English National Life before the Reformation | EDWARDUS WALL PR. Edward the Black Prince | JO. DUNS SCOTUS Duns Scotus | GALFR. CHAUCER Geoffrey Chaucer | GULL. CAXTON William Caxton | Joseph Barber Lightfoot |
SIMON DE MONTFORT Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester | MATTHÆUS PARIS Matthew Paris | EDWARDUS PRIMUS Edward I of England | FR. ROGER BACON Roger Bacon | |||
North 6 | Founders and Benefactors of the University and College | MARIA REG. Mary I of England | HENRICUS VIII Henry VIII of England | EDWARDUS III Edward III of England | HERV. DE STANTON Hervey de Stanton | Benjamin Gray |
H. DE BALSHAM EP. EL. Hugh de Balsham | HENRICUS III Henry III of England | ETHELDREDA ABB. Æthelthryth | SIGEBERTUS ANGLOR. REX Sigeberht of East Anglia | |||
South 6 | The English Reformation | H. LATIMER EP. VIG. Hugh Latimer | EDWARDUS VI Edward VI | N. RIDLEY EP. LOND. Nicholas Ridley | ELIZABETH REG. Elizabeth I | Robert Burn |
IO. WYCLIFFE John Wycliffe | DES. ERASMUS Erasmus | W. TYNDALE William Tyndale | T. CRANMER ARCHIEP. Thomas Cranmer | |||
North 7 | University and College Worthies | T. NEVILE Thomas Nevile | IO. WHITGIFT ARCH. John Whitgift | M. BUCER Martin Bucer | IO. REDMAN John Redman | Edward William Blore |
C. TUNSTALL. EP. DUN. Cuthbert Tunstall | IO. FISHER EP. ROFF. John Fisher | IO. DE BAGGESHOTE John de Baggeshott [note 3] | GU. DE BUXTON Walter de Buxton [note 4] | |||
South 7 | Worthies of the College | H. SPELMAN Henry Spelman | IO. DOM. CRAVEN John Craven, 1st Baron Craven of Ryton | A. MARVEL Andrew Marvell | IO. HACKET EP. LICH. John Hacket | M.R. Cope, Esq., in memory of his brother, the Revd Edward Meredith Cope |
FR. BACON Francis Bacon | IO. DONNE John Donne | G. HERBERT George Herbert | E. COKE. Edward Coke | |||
North 8 | Worthies of Trinity College | R. BENTLEY Richard Bentley | IS. NEWTON Isaac Newton | R. COTES Roger Cotes | IO. RAY John Ray | Joseph Prior, [note 5] Mrs Thompson in memory of George Peacock and Charles de la Pryme in memory of George Pryme |
IO. DRYDEN John Dryden | A. COWLEY Abraham Cowley | IS. BARROW Isaac Barrow | IO. PEARSON John Pearson | |||
There are many memorials to former fellows of Trinity within the chapel, [13] some statues, some brasses, including two memorials to graduates and fellows who died during both World Wars. There are also several graves dating from earlier periods. [5]
The chapel has a fine organ, originally built by "Father" Smith in 1694. Many alterations were made over the years until, in 1913, an almost totally new organ was built. Some of the pipes were so large that they would not fit in the organ loft and instead had to stand in a corner of the ante-chapel. In 1976 the present mechanical-action instrument, based on the surviving pipework and within the original cases, was completed by the Swiss firm Metzler Söhne. There are regular recitals on Sundays during term time. [14]
The Choir of Trinity College, Cambridge is composed of around thirty male and female Choral Scholars and two Organ Scholars, all of whom are undergraduates of the College. Besides singing the liturgy in the chapel, the choir has an extensive programme of performances and recordings. The current Director of Music is Stephen Layton. [15]
The Ascension Parish Burial Ground contains the graves or interred cremations of twenty-seven fellows of Trinity College, including three Vice-Masters.
The Dean of Chapel holds responsibility for the Chapel and the Clergy at Trinity.
Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1546 by King Henry VIII, Trinity is one of the largest Cambridge colleges, with the largest financial endowment of any Oxbridge college. Trinity performs exceptionally as measured by the Tompkins Table, coming top from 2011 to 2017. Trinity was the top-performing college for the 2020–21 undergraduate exams, obtaining the highest percentage of good honours.
St John's College, formally the College of St John the Evangelist in the University of Cambridge, is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, founded by the Tudor matriarch Lady Margaret Beaufort. In constitutional terms, the college is a charitable corporation established by a charter dated 9 April 1511. The aims of the college, as specified by its statutes, are the promotion of education, religion, learning and research. It is one of the largest Oxbridge colleges in terms of student numbers. For 2022, St John's was ranked 6th of 29 colleges in the Tompkins Table with over 35 per cent of its students earning first-class honours. It is the second wealthiest college in Oxford and Cambridge, after its neighbour Trinity College, Cambridge.
Llandaff Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral and parish church in Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales. It is the seat of the Bishop of Llandaff, head of the Church in Wales Diocese of Llandaff. It is dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Paul, and three Welsh saints: Dubricius, Teilo and Oudoceus. It is one of two cathedrals in Cardiff, the other being the Roman Catholic Cardiff Metropolitan Cathedral in the city centre.
King's College, formally The King's College of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas in Cambridge, is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. This college lies beside the River Cam and faces out onto King's Parade in the centre of the city.
Southwark Cathedral or The Cathedral and Collegiate Church of St Saviour and St Mary Overie, Southwark, London, lies near the south bank of the River Thames close to London Bridge. It is the mother church of the Diocese of Southwark. It has been a place of Christian worship for more than 1,000 years, but the church was not raised to cathedral status until the creation of the diocese of Southwark in 1905.
The Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a Church of England cathedral in the city of Truro, Cornwall. It was built between 1880 and 1910 to a Gothic Revival design by John Loughborough Pearson on the site of the parish church of St Mary. It is one of three cathedrals in the United Kingdom featuring three spires.
King's Hall was once one of the constituent colleges of Cambridge, founded in 1317, the second after Peterhouse. King's Hall was established by King Edward II to provide chancery clerks for his administration, and was very rich compared to Michaelhouse, which occupied the southern area of what is now Trinity Great Court.
Michaelhouse is a former college of the University of Cambridge, that existed between 1323 and 1546, when it was merged with King's Hall to form Trinity College. Michaelhouse was the second residential college to be founded, after Peterhouse (1284). Though King's Hall was established earlier in 1317, it did not acquire actual premises until its re-foundation by Edward III in 1336. The name Michaelhouse is now used for St Michael's Church.
Great Court is the main court of Trinity College, Cambridge, and reputed to be the largest enclosed courtyard in Europe.
George Frederick Bodley was an English Gothic Revival architect. He was a pupil of Sir George Gilbert Scott, and worked in partnership with Thomas Garner for much of his career. He was one of the founders of Watts & Co.
King's College Chapel is the chapel of King's College in the University of Cambridge. It is considered one of the finest examples of late Perpendicular Gothic English architecture and features the world's largest fan vault. The Chapel was built in phases by a succession of kings of England from 1446 to 1515, a period which spanned the Wars of the Roses and three subsequent decades. The Chapel's large stained glass windows were completed by 1531, and its early Renaissance rood screen was erected in 1532–36. The Chapel is an active house of worship, and home of the King's College Choir. It is a landmark and a commonly used symbol of the city of Cambridge.
St Peter's Church is a church in Brighton in the English city of Brighton and Hove. It is near the centre of the city, on an island between two major roads, the A23 London Road and A270 Lewes Road. Built from 1824–28 to a design by Sir Charles Barry, it is arguably the finest example of the pre-Victorian Gothic Revival style. It is a Grade II* listed building. It was the parish church of Brighton from 1873 to 2007 and is sometimes unofficially referred to as "Brighton's cathedral".
English Gothic is an architectural style that flourished from the late 12th until the mid-17th century. The style was most prominently used in the construction of cathedrals and churches. Gothic architecture's defining features are pointed arches, rib vaults, buttresses, and extensive use of stained glass. Combined, these features allowed the creation of buildings of unprecedented height and grandeur, filled with light from large stained glass windows. Important examples include Westminster Abbey, Canterbury Cathedral and Salisbury Cathedral. The Gothic style endured in England much longer than in Continental Europe.
Gonville and Caius College, often referred to simply as Caius, is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1348 by Edmund Gonville, it is the fourth-oldest of the University of Cambridge's 31 colleges and one of the wealthiest. In 1557, it was refounded by John Caius, an alumnus and English physician.
Holy Trinity Church, Trowbridge is a Grade II* listed 19th-century Church of England church in Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England, which had parish church status until 2011. It is commonly known in Trowbridge as 'The Church on the Roundabout', as it is encircled by a one-way traffic system.
Jesus College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The college's full name is The College of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Saint John the Evangelist and the glorious Virgin Saint Radegund, near Cambridge. Its common name comes from the name of its chapel, Jesus Chapel.
James Essex (1722–1784) was an English builder and architect who mostly worked in Cambridge, where he was born. He designed portions of many colleges of the University of Cambridge, and carried out major restorations of the cathedrals at Ely and Lincoln. He was an admirer of Gothic architecture, and assembled materials for a history of the style, though the book remained unpublished.
St Cuthbert's, Philbeach Gardens , is a Grade I listed Anglican church at 50 Philbeach Gardens, Earls Court, London SW5.
Holy Trinity Church in Southport, Merseyside, England, is an Anglican parish church in the diocese of Liverpool and a Grade II* listed building. It was built in the early 20th century, and designed by Huon Matear in free Decorated style. It is constructed mainly in red brick, and has a tower, the upper parts of which are in elaborately decorated stone. Many of the internal furnishings are by the Bromsgrove Guild.