Tropical Storm Son-Tinh

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Map key
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

An area of low pressure strengthened into a tropical depression on July 15, to the northwest of Manila, Philippines. Accordingly, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) designated it as 11W while the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) gave it the local name Henry. [8] [9] As the system moved westward at high speed, it gradually intensified as its convective structure improved, and strengthened a tropical storm by July 17, with the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) assigning the system the international name Son-Tinh. [10] [11]

Thereafter, however, Son-Tinh weakened slightly as it neared Hainan island due to moderate vertical wind shear. [12] Continuing to struggle to maintain intensity amid increasing wind shear, Son-Tinh crossed over Hainan island at around 03:00 UTC on July 18; despite land interaction the system continued to maintain its overall convective organization. [13] Later that day, as Son-Tinh emerged from land into the Gulf of Tonkin, Son-Tinh managed to intensify over the warm waters, with sea surface temperatures of over 28 °C (82 °F) contributing to offset otherwise unfavorable upper atmospheric conditions. [14] Before making landfall in Northern Vietnam, the JMA reported that Son-Tinh reached peak intensity with 10-minute sustained winds of 75 km/h (45 mph) and a central pressure of 994 hPa (29.4 inHg). [15] Once inland over Northern Vietnam, Son-Tinh began to weaken quickly. Both the JMA and the JTWC issued their final warnings on Son-Tinh on July 19 as the system degenerated into an area of low pressure embedded in the monsoon. [16] [17] The JTWC, however, continued to track Son-Tinh's remnants for the next two days. [18]

Through July 19 and 20, Son-Tinh's remnants curved northwards and then eastwards over Northern Vietnam, before moving southeastward back into the Gulf of Tonkin on July 21. [18] Persistent convection developed over the system, aided by a tropical upper tropospheric trough to the northeast, prompting the JTWC to begin issuing advisories on Son-Tinh once again on July 21. [19] Simultaneously the JMA reported that Son-Tinh had regenerated into a tropical depression. [20] With vertical wind shear now low and sea surface temperatures remaining high near 29 °C (84 °F), the JTWC stated that Son-Tinh intensified back into a tropical storm on July 22, [21] while the JMA continued to maintain Son-Tinh as a tropical depression. [22]

Preparations and impact

China

Total economic loss nationwide were at ¥240 million (US$35.7 million). [23]

Vietnam

On July 18, the Vietnamese government ordered all vessels to return to port. [24]

In Vietnam, the Thanh Hóa and Nghệ An provinces suffered the most damage, especially with the wake of the storm continuing to generate significant rainfall. [25] It caused major flooding in Northern Vietnam and the capital city of Hanoi. [3] 35 people were killed, more than 5,000 houses, 82,000 hectares (200,000 acres) of crops, and 17,000 farm animals were either swept away, submerged, or otherwise destroyed. [3] The storm has cut off access to several areas in the country and flood water covers several streets in the capital city. [25] Economic losses were estimated to be 6.615 trillion (US$287 million). [26]

Laos

On July 23, a hydroelectric dam under construction in Attapeu Province, south-east Laos, collapsed. As of September 25, 40 people were confirmed dead, [5] at least 98 more were missing (and probably as much as 1,100 more people are missing [1] ) and 6,600 others were displaced. [6] [7]

See also

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Tropical Storm Son-Tinh (Henry)
Son-tinh 2018-07-18 0540Z.jpg
Tropical Storm Son-Tinh nearing Vietnam on July 18