UTI vaccine

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A UTI vaccine is a vaccine used for prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs). [1] [2] A number of UTI vaccines have been developed and/or marketed, including Uromune (MV-140), UroVaxom (OM-89), Solco-Urovac, and ExPEC4 V [1] [2] , Strovac. [3]

Contents

Background

Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in women, causing significant physical and emotional distress. While antibiotics are widely used to treat them, the recurrence of UTIs poses a significant challenge. Long-term antibiotic use not only poses health risks but also contributes to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, making effective treatment more challenging.

MV140

MV140, also known as Uromune, is a vaccine developed to treat recurrent UTIs that is made from heat-inactivated bacteria mixed with in glycerol, sodium chloride, artificial pineapple flavoring, and water. [4] It contains specific strains of four types of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Proteus vulgaris.

This vaccine is taken by spraying it under the tongue twice a day for three months. It is currently being tested in clinical trials. Studies suggest that MV140 works by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies and activate certain immune cells, which help protect against UTIs.

In a conducted study involving 89 individuals with a history of urinary tract infections (UTIs), participants were instructed to use two sprays of the vaccine daily for three months. Preliminary results presented at the European Association of Urology Congress in Paris revealed that nine years later, 54 percent of the participants remained free from UTIs. Women in the study remained UTI-free for approximately 4.5 years on average, while men experienced around 3.5 years without UTIs. [5] Dr. Bob Yang, who co-led the study and serves as a consultant urologist at the Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust in the United Kingdom, noted that before receiving the vaccine, all participants had struggled with recurrent UTIs, which can be challenging to treat.

Current limitation

Currently, the vaccine remains in the experimental stage and waits approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urinary tract infection</span> Infection that affects part of the urinary tract

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects a part of the urinary tract. Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder (cystitis) or urethra (urethritis) while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney (pyelonephritis). Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include suprapubic pain, painful urination (dysuria), frequency and urgency of urination despite having an empty bladder. Symptoms of a kidney infection, on the other hand, are more systemic and include fever or flank pain usually in addition to the symptoms of a lower UTI. Rarely, the urine may appear bloody. Symptoms may be vague or non-specific at the extremities of age.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mannose</span> Chemical compound

Mannose is a sugar monomer of the aldohexose series of carbohydrates. It is a C-2 epimer of glucose. Mannose is important in human metabolism, especially in the glycosylation of certain proteins. Several congenital disorders of glycosylation are associated with mutations in enzymes involved in mannose metabolism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hexamethylenetetramine</span> Chemical compound

Hexamethylenetetramine, also known as methenamine, hexamine, or its trade name Urotropin, is a heterocyclic organic compound with the formula (CH2)6N4. This white crystalline compound is highly soluble in water and polar organic solvents. It has a cage-like structure similar to adamantane. It is useful in the synthesis of other organic compounds, including plastics, pharmaceuticals, and rubber additives. It sublimes in vacuum at 280 °C.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyelonephritis</span> Medical condition

Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. Symptoms most often include fever and flank tenderness. Other symptoms may include nausea, burning with urination, and frequent urination. Complications may include pus around the kidney, sepsis, or kidney failure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cranberry juice</span> Liquid juice of the cranberry

Cranberry juice is the liquid juice of the cranberry – a fruit recognized for its bright red color, tart taste, and versatility for product manufacturing. Major cranberry products include cranberry juice, dried cranberry, cranberry sauce, frozen cranberry, cranberry powder, and dietary supplements containing cranberry extracts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vesicoureteral reflux</span> Medical condition

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), also known as vesicoureteric reflux, is a condition in which urine flows retrograde, or backward, from the bladder into one or both ureters and then to the renal calyx or kidneys. Urine normally travels in one direction from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters, with a one-way valve at the vesicoureteral (ureteral-bladder) junction preventing backflow. The valve is formed by oblique tunneling of the distal ureter through the wall of the bladder, creating a short length of ureter (1–2 cm) that can be compressed as the bladder fills. Reflux occurs if the ureter enters the bladder without sufficient tunneling, i.e., too "end-on".

Gerald Domingue is an American medical researcher and academic who served as Professor of Urology, Microbiology and Immunology in the Tulane University School of Medicine and Graduate School for thirty years and also as Director of Research in Urology. He is currently retired and resides in Zürich, Switzerland, where he is engaged in painting and creative writing. At retirement he was honored with the title of Professor Emeritus at Tulane (1967–1997). Prior to Tulane, he was faculty of Saint Louis University School of Medicine); was a lecturer at Washington University School of Dentistry and director of clinical microbiology in St. Louis City Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bacteriuria</span> Medical condition

Bacteriuria is the presence of bacteria in urine. Bacteriuria accompanied by symptoms is a urinary tract infection while that without is known as asymptomatic bacteriuria. Diagnosis is by urinalysis or urine culture. Escherichia coli is the most common bacterium found. People without symptoms should generally not be tested for the condition. Differential diagnosis include contamination.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chronic bacterial prostatitis</span> Bacterial infection of the prostate gland

Chronic bacterial prostatitis is a bacterial infection of the prostate gland. It should be distinguished from other forms of prostatitis such as acute bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome</span> Medical condition

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), previously known as chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, is long-term pelvic pain and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) without evidence of a bacterial infection. It affects about 2–6% of men. Together with IC/BPS, it makes up urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mecillinam</span> Pharmaceutical drug

Mecillinam (INN) or amdinocillin (USAN) is an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic of the amidinopenicillin class that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria. It is used primarily in the treatment of urinary tract infections, and has also been used to treat typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Because mecillinam has very low oral bioavailability, an orally active prodrug was developed: pivmecillinam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pivmecillinam</span> Chemical compound

Pivmecillinam (INN), or amdinocillin pivoxil (USAN), sold under the brand name Selexid and Pivya among others, is an orally active prodrug of mecillinam, an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic. Pivmecillinam is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of mecillinam.

Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains of E. coli that can cause disease

Escherichia coli is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). Most E. coli strains are harmless, but pathogenic varieties cause serious food poisoning, septic shock, meningitis, or urinary tract infections in humans. Unlike normal flora E. coli, the pathogenic varieties produce toxins and other virulence factors that enable them to reside in parts of the body normally not inhabited by E. coli, and to damage host cells. These pathogenic traits are encoded by virulence genes carried only by the pathogens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cystitis cystica</span> Medical condition

Cystitis cystica is an uncommon chronic reactive inflammatory disease that is believed to be brought on by a tumor, calculi, infection, or obstruction of the urothelium. Cystitis glandularis is a proliferative progression of cystitis cystica that is distinguished by urothelial glandular metaplasia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neonatal infection</span> Human disease

Neonatal infections are infections of the neonate (newborn) acquired during prenatal development or within the first four weeks of life. Neonatal infections may be contracted by mother to child transmission, in the birth canal during childbirth, or after birth. Neonatal infections may present soon after delivery, or take several weeks to show symptoms. Some neonatal infections such as HIV, hepatitis B, and malaria do not become apparent until much later. Signs and symptoms of infection may include respiratory distress, temperature instability, irritability, poor feeding, failure to thrive, persistent crying and skin rashes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cefiderocol</span> Antibiotic

Cefiderocol, sold under the brand name Fetroja among others, is an antibiotic used to treat complicated urinary tract infections when no other options are available. It is indicated for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is given by injection into a vein.

Autogenous vaccines, also called autologous vaccines, autovaccines, “self” or custom vaccines, are vaccines that are prepared by isolation and destruction of microorganisms in infected individuals and used to provide immunity to the same individual.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lactobacillus vaccine</span> Vaccine using an inactivated strain of Lactobacillus

Lactobacillus vaccines are used in the therapy and prophylaxis of non-specific bacterial vaginitis and trichomoniasis. The vaccines consist of specific inactivated strains of Lactobacilli, called "aberrant" strains in the relevant literature dating from the 1980s. These strains were isolated from the vaginal secretions of patients with acute colpitis. The lactobacilli in question are polymorphic, often shortened or coccoid in shape and do not produce an acidic, anti-pathogenic vaginal environment. A colonization with aberrant lactobacilli has been associated with an increased susceptibility to vaginal infections and a high rate of relapse following antimicrobial treatment. Intramuscular administration of inactivated aberrant lactobacilli provokes a humoral immune response. The production of specific antibodies both in serum and in the vaginal secretion has been demonstrated. As a result of the immune stimulation, the abnormal lactobacilli are inhibited, the population of normal, rod-shaped lactobacilli can grow and exert its defense functions against pathogenic microorganisms.

Uromune, also known by its developmental code name MV-140, is a polyvalent bacterial vaccine which is used in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). In clinical studies, it has been found to reduce total number of UTIs, to increase UTI-free rates, and to increase time to next UTI, as well as to reduce UTI symptoms, reduce antibiotic use, and improve quality of life, over a period of 9 months following treatment. The effectiveness of the vaccine appears to wane with time, which may necessitate readministration. Uromune is used as a sublingual spray once daily for 3 months.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urinary anti-infective agent</span>

Urinary anti-infective agent, also known as urinary antiseptic, is medication that can eliminate microorganisms causing urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI can be categorized into two primary types: cystitis, which refers to lower urinary tract or bladder infection, and pyelonephritis, which indicates upper urinary tract or kidney infection. Escherichia coli is the predominant microbial trigger of UTIs, accounting for 75% to 95% of reported cases. Other pathogens such as Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus can also cause UTIs.

References

  1. 1 2 Nickel JC, Saz-Leal P, Doiron RC (August 2020). "Could sublingual vaccination be a viable option for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in Canada? A systematic review of the current literature and plans for the future". Can Urol Assoc J. 14 (8): 281–287. doi:10.5489/cuaj.6690. PMC   7402698 . PMID   33626320.
  2. 1 2 Prattley S, Geraghty R, Moore M, Somani BK (May 2020). "Role of Vaccines for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review". Eur Urol Focus. 6 (3): 593–604. doi:10.1016/j.euf.2019.11.002. PMID   31806578.
  3. Nestler, Sebastian; Grüne, Britta; Schilchegger, Lydia; Suna, Adriana; Perez, Anita; Neisius, Andreas (November 2021). "Efficacy of vaccination with StroVac for recurrent urinary tract infections in women: a comparative single-centre study". International Urology and Nephrology. 53 (11): 2267–2272. doi:10.1007/s11255-021-02987-4. ISSN   1573-2584. PMID   34499326.
  4. Nickel, J. Curtis; Doiron, R. Christopher (21 February 2023). "An Effective Sublingual Vaccine, MV140, Safely Reduces Risk of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Women". Pathogens. 12 (3): 359. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12030359 . PMC   10052183 . PMID   36986281.
  5. Rapaport, Lisa (April 11, 2024). "Experimental Uti Vaccine Offers Potential Alternative to Antibiotics". Everyday Health. Retrieved 6 May 2024.