List of vaccine excipients

Last updated

This is a list of excipients per vaccine, as published by the United States Centers for Disease Control. Vaccine ingredients and production in other nations are substantially the same. Also listed are substances used in the manufacturing process. [1]

VaccineExcipients
Adenovirus vaccine This list refers to the type 4 and type 7 adenovirus vaccine tablets licensed in the US: Acetone, alcohol, anhydrous lactose, castor oil, cellulose acetate phthalate, dextrose, D-fructose, D-mannose, FD&C Yellow #6 aluminium lake dye, fetal bovine serum, human serum albumin, magnesium stearate, micro crystalline cellulose, plasdone C, Polacrilin potassium, potassium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, sucrose
Anthrax vaccine (BioThrax) Aluminium hydroxide, amino acids, benzethonium chloride, formaldehyde, inorganic salts and sugars, vitamins
BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) (Tice BCG) Asparagine, citric acid, lactose, glycerin, iron ammonium citrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium phosphate
COVID-19 vaccines, mRNA-based (Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine ) (Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine)Lipids, salts, sucrose, plus in the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: tromethamine, acids and acid stabilizers [2] [3]
DTaP (Daptacel) Aluminium phosphate, formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde, 2-phenoxyethanol
DTaP (Infanrix) Aluminium hydroxide, bovine extract, formaldehyde, glutaraldhyde, polysorbate 80
DTaP (Tripedia) aluminium potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, bovine extract, formaldehyde, gelatin, peptone, polysorbate 80, sodium phosphate, thimerosal [4]
DTaP-Hib (TriHIBit) Aluminium potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, bovine extract, formaldehyde or formalin, gelatin, polysorbate 80, sucrose, thimerosal [4]
DTaP-IPV (Kinrix) Aluminium hydroxide, calf serum, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, lactalbumin hydrolysate, neomycin sulfate, polymyxin B, polysorbate 80
DTaP-HepB-IPV (Pediarix) aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate, calf serum, lactalbumin hydrolysate, formaldehyde, glutaraldhyde, neomycin sulfate, polymyxin B, polysorbate 80, yeast protein
DTaP-IPV-Hib (Pentacel) aluminium phosphate, bovine serum albumin, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, MRC-5 cellular protein, neomycin, polymyxin B sulfate, polysorbate 80, 2-phenoxyethanol
DT vaccine (diphtheria vaccine plus tetanus vaccine) (Sanofi) aluminium potassium sulfate, bovine extract, formaldehyde, thimerosal
DT vaccine (Massachusetts) aluminium hydroxide, formaldehyde or formalin
Hib vaccine (ActHIB) Ammonium sulfate, formaldehyde, sucrose [5]
Hib vaccine (PedvaxHib)aluminium hydroxyphosphate sulfate [6]
Hib vaccine (Hiberix) Formaldehyde, lactose [7]
Hib-HepB (Comvax) Amorphous aluminium hydroxyphosphate sulfate, amino acids, dextrose, formaldehyde, hemin chloride, mineral salts, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, potassium aluminium sulfate, sodium borate, soy peptone, yeast protein
Hepatitis A vaccine (Havrix) aluminium hydroxide, amino acid supplement, formalin, MRC-5 cellular protein, neomycin sulfate, phosphate buffers, polysorbate 20
Hepatitis A vaccine (Vaqta)Amorphous aluminium hydroxyphosphate sulfate, bovine albumin or serum, formaldehyde, MRC-5 cellular protein, sodium borate
Hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix-B) aluminium hydroxide, phosphate buffers, yeast protein
Hepatitis B vaccine (Recombivax HB)Amorphous aluminium hydroxyphosphate sulfate, amino acids, dextrose, formaldehyde, mineral salts, potassium aluminium sulfate, soy peptone, yeast protein
HepA-HepB vaccine (Twinrix)aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate, amino acids, formalin, MRC-5 cells, neomycin sulfate, phosphate buffers, polysorbate 20, yeast protein
Human papillomavirus (HPV) (Cervarix) aluminium hydroxide, amino acids, lipids, mineral salts, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate, type 16 viral protein L1, type 18 viral protein L1, vitamins
Human papillomavirus (HPV) (Gardasil) Amino acids, amorphous aluminium hydroxyphosphate sulfate, carbohydrates, L-histidine, mineral salts, polysorbate 80, sodium borate, vitamins, yeast protein
Influenza vaccine (Afluria) Beta-propiolactone, calcium chloride, dibasic sodium phosphate, egg protein, monobasic potassium phosphate, monobasic sodium phosphate, neomycin sulfate, polymyxin B, potassium chloride, sodium taurodeoxychoalate, thimerosal (multi-dose vials only)
Influenza vaccine (Agriflu)Egg proteins, formaldehyde, polysorbate 80, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, neomycin sulfate, kanamycin
Influenza vaccine (Fluad)Squalene, polysorbate 80, sorbitan trioleate, sodium citrate dehydrate, citric acid monohydrate, neomycin, kanamycin, barium, egg proteins, CTAB(cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), formaldehyde
Influenza vaccine (Fluarix) Formaldehyde, octoxynol-10 (Triton X-100), α-tocopheryl hydrogen succinate, polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), hydrocortisone, gentamicin sulfate, ovalbumin, sodium deoxycholate, sucrose, phosphate buffer
Influenza vaccine (Flublok)Monobasic sodium phosphate, dibasic sodium phosphate, polysorbate 20, baculovirus and host cell proteins, baculovirus and cellular DNA, Triton X-100, lipids, vitamins, amino acids, mineral salts
Influenza vaccine (Flucelvax)Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell protein, MDCK cell DNA, polysorbate 80, cetyltrimethlyammonium bromide, β-propiolactone, phosphate buffer
Influenza vaccine (Flulaval) Formaldehyde, á-tocopheryl hydrogen succinate, polysorbate 80, sodium deoxycholate, thimerosal, ovalbumin
Influenza vaccine (Fluvirin) Beta-propiolactone, egg protein, neomycin, nonylphenol ethoxylate, polymyxin, thimerosal (multi-dose containers), thimerosal [4] (single-dose syringes)
Influenza vaccine (Fluzone)Egg protein, formaldehyde, gelatin (standard formulation only), octylphenol ethoxylate (Triton X-100), sodium phosphate, thimerosal (multi-dose containers only)
Influenza vaccine (FluMist) Arginine, dibasic potassium phosphate, egg protein, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, gentamicin sulfate, hydrolyzed porcine gelatin, monobasic potassium phosphate, monosodium glutamate, sucrose
Japanese encephalitis vaccine (JE-Vax) Formaldehyde or formalin, gelatin, mouse serum protein, polysorbate 80, thimerosal
Japanese encephalitis vaccine (Ixiaro) aluminium hydroxide, bovine serum albumin, formaldehyde, protamine sulfate, sodium metabisulphite
Meningococcal vaccine (Menactra) Formaldehyde (Each 0.5 mL dose may contain residual amounts of formaldehyde of less than 2.66 μg (0.000532%), by calculation), phosphate buffers [8]
Meningococcal vaccine (Menomune) Lactose, thimerosal (multi-dose vial only)
Meningococcal vaccine (Menveo) Amino acids, formaldehyde, yeast extract
MMR vaccine (MMR-II) Amino acids, fetal bovine serum, glutamate, hydrolyzed gelatin, neomycin, recombinant human serum albumin, sodium phosphate, sorbitol, sucrose, vitamins
MMRV vaccine (ProQuad)Bovine calf serum, dibasic potassium phosphate, dibasic sodium phosphate, human albumin, human serum albumin, hydrolyzed gelatin, monobasic potassium phosphate, monosodium L-glutamate, MRC-5 cellular protein, neomycin, sodium bicarbonate, sorbitol, sucrose, potassium chloride
Pneumococcal vaccine (Pneumovax) Phenol
Pneumococcal vaccine (Prevnar) aluminium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, casamino acid, polysorbate 80, succinate buffer, yeast
Polio vaccine (IPV – Ipol)Calf serum protein, formaldehyde, neomycin, 2-phenoxyethanol, polymyxin B, streptomycin
Polio vaccine (IPV – Poliovax) sodium chloride
Rabies vaccine (Imovax) Albumin, MRC-5 cells, neomycin sulfate, phenol
Rabies vaccine (RabAvert, Greedo) Amphotericin B, beta-propiolactone, chicken protein, chlortetracycline, human serum albumin, neomycin, ovalbumin, polygeline (processed bovine 14 gelatin), potassium glutamate
Rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq) fetal bovine serum, sodium citrate, sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, sodium hydroxide, sucrose, polysorbate 80
Rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) Amino acids, calcium carbonate, dextran, sorbitol, sucrose, vitamins, xanthan
Td vaccine (Decavac) aluminium potassium sulfate, bovine muscle tissue, formaldehyde, peptone, thimerosal [4]
Td vaccine (Massachusetts) aluminium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, bovine extracts, formaldehyde, thimerosal (some multi-dose vials)
Tdap vaccine (Adacel) aluminium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, 2-phenoxyethanol
Tdap vaccine (Boostrix) aluminium hydroxide, bovine extract, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, polysorbate 80
Typhoid vaccine (inactivated – Typhim VI) Disodium phosphate, monosodium phosphate, phenol, polydimethylsiloxane, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide
Typhoid vaccine (oral – Ty21a/Vivotif) Amino acids, ascorbic acid, casein, dextrose, galactose, lactose, sucrose, yeast extract
Vaccinia (ACAM2000) Glycerin, human serum albumin, mannitol, neomycin, phenol, polymyxin B
Varicella vaccine (Varivax) Dibasic sodium phosphate, ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid[ sodium (EDTA), fetal bovine serum, gelatin, glutamate, monobasic potassium phosphate, monobasic sodium phosphate, monosodium L-glutamate, MRC-5 DNA and cellular protein, neomycin, phosphate, potassium chloride, sucrose
Yellow fever vaccine (YF-Vax)Egg protein, gelatin, sorbitol
Zoster vaccine (Zostavax)Bovine calf serum, dibasic sodium phosphate, hydrolyzed porcine gelatin, monosodium L-glutamate, MRC-5 DNA and cellular protein, monobasic potassium phosphate, neomycin, potassium chloride, sucrose

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Food and Drug Administration</span> United States federal agency

The United States Food and Drug Administration is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the control and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, caffeine products, dietary supplements, prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs (medications), vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, blood transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic radiation emitting devices (ERED), cosmetics, animal foods & feed and veterinary products.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DPT vaccine</span> Combination vaccine

The DPT vaccine or DTP vaccine is a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (lockjaw). The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and either killed whole cells of the bacterium that causes pertussis or pertussis antigens. The term toxoid refers to vaccines which use an inactivated toxin produced by the pathogen which they are targeted against to generate an immune response. In this way, the toxoid vaccine generates an immune response which is targeted against the toxin which is produced by the pathogen and causes disease, rather than a vaccine which is targeted against the pathogen itself. The whole cells or antigens will be depicted as either "DTwP" or "DTaP", where the lower-case "w" indicates whole-cell inactivated pertussis and the lower-case "a" stands for "acellular". In comparison to alternative vaccine types, such as live attenuated vaccines, the DTP vaccine does not contain any live pathogen, but rather uses inactivated toxoid to generate an immune response; therefore, there is not a risk of use in populations that are immune compromised since there is not any known risk of causing the disease itself. As a result, the DTP vaccine is considered a safe vaccine to use in anyone and it generates a much more targeted immune response specific for the pathogen of interest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Live attenuated influenza vaccine</span> Nasal influenza vaccine

Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is a type of influenza vaccine in the form of a nasal spray that is recommended for the prevention of influenza. It was developed by the Syrian-American epidemiologist Hunein Maassab.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polysorbate 80</span> Nonionic surfactant and emulsifier used in food and cosmetics

Polysorbate 80 is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier often used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics. This synthetic compound is a viscous, water-soluble yellow liquid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph Mercola</span> American alternative medicine proponent and purveyor of anti-vaccination misinformation

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gardasil</span> Human papillomavirus vaccine

Gardasil is an HPV vaccine for use in the prevention of certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). It was developed by Merck & Co. High-risk human papilloma virus (hr-HPV) genital infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection among women. The HPV strains that Gardasil protects against are sexually transmitted, specifically HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18. HPV types 16 and 18 cause an estimated 70% of cervical cancers, and are responsible for most HPV-induced anal, vulvar, vaginal, and penile cancer cases. HPV types 6 and 11 cause an estimated 90% of genital warts cases. HPV type 16 is responsible for almost 90% of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers, and the prevalence is higher in males than females. Though Gardasil does not treat existing infection, vaccination is still recommended for HPV-positive individuals, as it may protect against one or more different strains of the disease.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zoster vaccine</span> Vaccine to prevent shingles

A zoster vaccine is a vaccine that reduces the incidence of herpes zoster (shingles), a disease caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, which is also responsible for chickenpox. Shingles provokes a painful rash with blisters, and can be followed by chronic pain, as well as other complications. Older people are more often affected, as are people with weakened immune systems (immunosuppression). Both shingles and postherpetic neuralgia can be prevented by vaccination.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to clinical research:

Meningococcal vaccine refers to any vaccine used to prevent infection by Neisseria meningitidis. Different versions are effective against some or all of the following types of meningococcus: A, B, C, W-135, and Y. The vaccines are between 85 and 100% effective for at least two years. They result in a decrease in meningitis and sepsis among populations where they are widely used. They are given either by injection into a muscle or just under the skin.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moderna COVID-19 vaccine</span> RNA COVID-19 vaccine

The Moderna COVID‑19 vaccine, sold under the brand name Spikevax, is a COVID-19 vaccine developed by the American company Moderna, the United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA). Depending on the jurisdiction, it is authorized for use in humans aged six months, twelve years, or eighteen years and older. It provides protection against COVID-19, which is caused by infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 drug development</span> Preventative and therapeutic medications for COVID-19 infection

COVID-19 drug development is the research process to develop preventative therapeutic prescription drugs that would alleviate the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). From early 2020 through 2021, several hundred drug companies, biotechnology firms, university research groups, and health organizations were developing therapeutic candidates for COVID-19 disease in various stages of preclinical or clinical research, with 419 potential COVID-19 drugs in clinical trials, as of April 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine</span> Type of vaccine for humans

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Novavax COVID-19 vaccine</span> Vaccine against COVID-19

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Janssen COVID-19 vaccine</span> Vaccine against COVID-19

The Janssen COVID‑19 vaccine, sold under the brand name Jcovden, is a COVID‑19 vaccine that was developed by Janssen Vaccines in Leiden, Netherlands, and its Belgian parent company Janssen Pharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of American company Johnson & Johnson.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of COVID-19 vaccine development</span> Scientific work to develop a vaccine for COVID-19

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References

The initial list is based on information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and thus limited to US-approved vaccines.

  1. "Vaccine Excipient & Media Summary" (PDF).
  2. Juan C. Ravell (January 11, 2021). "A Simple Breakdown of the Ingredients in the COVID Vaccines". Hackensack Meridian Health. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
  3. Moderna Covid-19 Vaccine Factsheet
  4. 1 2 3 4 Note: Thimerosal content less than 0.3 μg.
  5. "ActHIB". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 24 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  6. "Haemophilus B Conjugate Vaccine". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 22 July 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  7. "Hiberix". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 30 April 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  8. Menactra package insert. Sanofi Pasteur. 26 August 2014 v0.12.