Vaccination schedule

Last updated October 21, 2024

Global vaccination coverage 1980 to 2019 among one year olds Global-vaccination-coverage.png — Global vaccination coverage 1980 to 2019 among one year olds

A vaccination schedule is a series of vaccinations, including the timing of all doses, which may be either recommended or compulsory, depending on the country of residence. A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity to a disease, in order to prevent or reduce the effects of infection by any natural or "wild" pathogen.^[2] Vaccines go through multiple phases of trials to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Many vaccines require multiple doses for maximum effectiveness, either to produce sufficient initial immune response or to boost response that fades over time. For example, tetanus vaccine boosters are often recommended every 10 years.^[3] Vaccine schedules are developed by governmental agencies or physicians groups to achieve maximum effectiveness using required and recommended vaccines for a locality while minimizing the number of health care system interactions. Over the past two decades, the recommended vaccination schedule has grown rapidly and become more complicated as many new vaccines have been developed.^[4]

Some vaccines are recommended only in certain areas (countries, sub national areas, or at-risk populations) where a disease is common. For instance, yellow fever vaccination is on the routine vaccine schedule of French Guiana, is recommended in certain regions of Brazil but in the United States is only given to travelers heading to countries with a history of the disease.^[5] In developing countries, vaccine recommendations also take into account the level of health care access, the cost of vaccines and issues with vaccine availability and storage. Sample vaccination schedules discussed by the World Health Organization show a developed country using a schedule which extends over the first five years of a child's life and uses vaccines which cost over $700 including administration costs while a developing country uses a schedule providing vaccines in the first 9 months of life and costing only $25.^[6] This difference is due to the lower cost of health care, the lower cost of many vaccines provided to developing nations, and that more expensive vaccines, often for less common diseases, are not utilized.

Worldwide

The World Health Organization monitors vaccination schedules across the world, noting what vaccines are included in each country's program, the coverage rates achieved and various auditing measures.^[7] The table below shows the types of vaccines given in example countries. The WHO publishes on its website current vaccination schedules for all WHO member states.^[8] Additional vaccines are given to individuals more likely to come into contact with specific diseases through work or travel (e.g. military), or after potentially infectious exposure. Examples include rabies, anthrax, cholera and smallpox.^[9]^[10]

Vaccines used for each infection in each country

Country	Required for school	Required for welfare	Hepatitis A	Hepatitis B	Diphtheria	Pertussis	Tetanus	Haemophilus influenzae	Polio	Measles	Rubella	Chickenpox	Shingles	Meningococcal	Influenza	Pneumococcal	Encephalitis	Cholera	Human Papilloma Virus	Japanese Encephalitis	Rabies	Rotavirus	Tuberculosis	Typhoid Fever	Yellow fever	Sources
Afghanistan				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓						PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
Albania				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR					IIV	PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
Algeria				✓	DTwPHib				✓	MMR					IIV	PCV							BCG			^[9]
Andorra					✓		✓		✓	MMR		✓		✓	IIV	PCV			HPV							^[9]
Angola				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV						RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Antigua and Barbuda				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓			IIV	PCV			HPV						YF	^[9]
Argentina	Yes		HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓	✓		IIV	PCV			HPV		Rab	RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Armenia			HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR				✓	IIV	PCV			HPV		Rab	RV	BCG			^[9]
Australia	Preschool and daycare in NSW, Vic and WA	Yes	HepA	HepB	DTaP			Hib		MMRV			✓		IIV				HPV			RV				^[9]
Austria	No		HepA	HepB	Tdap				IPV	MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV			RV				^[11]^[9]
Azerbaijan				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR						PCV							BCG			^[9]
Bahamas			HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓			IIV	PCV			HPV			RV			YF	^[9]
Bahrain			HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓			IIV	PCV		Chol	HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Bangladesh				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV				BCG			^[9]
Barbados			HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓			IIV	PCV			HPV				BCG		YF	^[9]
Belarus				HepB	✓	✓	✓	Hib	✓	MMR					IIV	PCV							BCG			^[9]
Belgium	Nurseries and daycare		HepA	HepB	DTap			Hib	IPV	MMR				✓	IIV	PCV			HPV			RV				^[11]^[9]
Belize				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR					IIV				HPV		Rab		BCG		YF	^[9]
Benin				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV				BCG		YF	^[9]
Bhutan				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR									HPV				BCG			^[9]
Bolivia				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Bosnia and Herzegovina			HepA	HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR					IIV	PCV							BCG		YF	^[9]
Botswana				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Brazil	No	Yes	HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMRV				✓	IIV	PCV		Chol	HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Brunei				HepB	DTap			Hib	IPV	MR					IIV				HPV				BCG			^[9]
Bulgaria				HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV		Rab	RV	BCG			^[11]^[9]
Burkina Faso				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV						RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Burundi				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Cape Verde				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR									HPV				BCG		YF	^[9]
Cambodia				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR									HPV	JE			BCG			^[9]
Cameroon				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Canada	In New Brunswick and Ontario		HepA	HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMRV			✓	✓	IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Central African Republic				HepB	✓	✓	✓	Hib	✓	✓						PCV						RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Chad				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓													BCG		YF	^[9]
Chile			HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV				BCG		YF	^[9]
China			HepA	HepB	DTaP					✓	✓									JE			BCG			^[9]
Colombia			HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓			IIV	PCV			HPV		Rab	RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Comoros				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓						PCV							BCG			^[9]
Congo				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV						RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Cook Islands				DTaPHibHepB						MR									HPV				BCG			^[9]
Costa Rica				HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR		✓			IIV	PCV			HPV		Rab	RV	BCG			^[9]
Ivory Coast				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR					IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Croatia	Nurseries, preschools and kindergartens			HepB	DTaP					MMR					IIV				HPV				BCG			^[11]^[9]
Cuba				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR				✓	IIV								BCG			^[9]
Cyprus			HepA	HepB	DTap			Hib	IPV	MMR				✓	IIV	PCV			HPV				BCG		YF	^[11]^[9]
Czech Republic			HepA	HepB	DTap			Hib	IPV	MMR					IIV				HPV				BCG			^[11]^[9]
North Korea				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓													BCG			^[9]
DR Congo				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓						PCV						RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Denmark	No			HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV							^[11]^[9]
Djibouti				HepB	✓	✓	✓	Hib	✓	✓						PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
Dominica				HepB	✓	✓	✓	Hib	✓	MMR					IIV				HPV				BCG		YF	^[9]
Dominican Republic				HepB	✓	✓	✓	Hib	✓	MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV		Rab	RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Ecuador				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓			IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Egypt				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR				✓	IIV	PCV							BCG		YF	^[9]
El Salvador				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR					IIV	PCV						RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Equatorial Guinea				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓													BCG		YF	^[9]
Eritrea				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Estonia	No			HepB	DTap			Hib	IPV	MMR					IIV				HPV			RV	BCG			^[11]^[9]
Eswatini				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Ethiopia				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Fiji				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR									HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Finland	No			HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMRV					IIV	PCV	TBE		HPV			RV	BCG			^[11]^[9]
France	Yes			HepB	DTaP					MMR			✓	✓	IIV	PCV			HPV				BCG		YF	^[11]^[9]
Gabon				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓													BCG		YF	^[9]
Gambia				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Georgia				HepB	✓	✓	✓		✓	MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Germany	No			HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMRV			✓	✓	IIV	PCV			HPV			RV				^[11]^[9]
Ghana				HepB	✓	✓	✓	Hib	✓	MR						PCV						RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Greece			HepA	HepB	DTaP					MMRV				✓	IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Grenada				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓			IIV				HPV						YF	^[9]
Guatemala				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Guinea				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓													BCG		YF	^[9]
Guinea-Bissau				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓						PCV						RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Guyana				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓				PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Haiti				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
Honduras			HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Hong Kong				HepB	DTaP				IPV	MMR		✓				PCV			HPV				BCG			^[12]
Hungary	No			HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV				BCG			^[9]
Iceland	No			HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR				✓	IIV	PCV			HPV							^[9]
India				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR										JE		RV	BCG			^[9]
Indonesia				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR									HPV	JE			BCG			^[13]^[9]
Indonesia				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR									HPV	JE			BCG			^[13]^[9]
Iran				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓			IIV	PCV							BCG		YF	^[9]
Iraq			HepA	HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR					IIV	PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
Ireland	No			HepB	TDaP					MMR				✓	IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Israel			HepA	HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMRV			✓		IIV	PCV	TBE		HPV	JE		RV	BCG	TF	YF	^[9]
Italy	Yes		HepA	DTaPHepBIPVHib						MMRV			✓	✓	IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Jamaica				HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV				BCG		YF	^[9]
Japan	No			HepB	DTap			Hib	IPV	MR		✓			IIV ^{[lower-alpha 1]}				HPV	JE			BCG			^[9]^[14]^[15]
Jordan				HepB	✓	✓	✓	Hib	✓	MMR					IIV							RV	BCG			^[9]
Kazakhstan			HepA	HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR					IIV	PCV	TBE				Rab		BCG			^[9]
Kenya				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR					IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Kiribati				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR					IIV							RV	BCG			^[9]
Kuwait			HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMRV				✓	IIV	PCV						RV	BCG	TF	YF	^[9]
Kyrgyzstan				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR						PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
Laos				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR					IIV				HPV	JE		RV	BCG			^[9]
Latvia	No			HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR		✓			IIV	PCV	TBE		HPV		Rab	RV	BCG			^[9]
Lebanon				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR					IIV	PCV										^[9]
Lesotho				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV						RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Liberia				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Libya				HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Lithuania	No			HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV		Rab	RV	BCG			^[9]
Luxembourg					DTaPHibIPV					MMRV				✓	IIV	PCV			HPV			RV		TF	YF	^[9]
Madagascar				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓						PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
Malawi				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Malaysia				HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MR					IIV				HPV	JE			BCG		YF	^[9]
Maldives				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR									HPV				BCG		YF	^[9]
Mali				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Malta				HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV				BCG			^[9]
Marshall Islands				DTaPHepBIPV						MR		✓			IIV				HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Mauritania				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Mauritius			HepA	HepB	✓		✓		✓	MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Mexico			HepA	HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR		✓			IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Micronesia				DTaPHepBIPV						MR									HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Monaco				HepB	✓		✓	Hib	✓	MMR				✓	IIV	PCV			HPV							^[9]
Mongolia			HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR					IIV								BCG			^[9]
Montenegro				HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR					IIV								BCG			^[9]
Morocco				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR					IIV	PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
Mozambique				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
Myanmar				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR										JE			BCG			^[9]
Namibia				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
Nauru				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR													BCG			^[9]
Nepal				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR										JE			BCG			^[9]
Netherlands	No			HepB	DTap			Hib	IPV	MMR				✓	IIV	PCV			HPV							^[9]
New Zealand			HepA	HepB	DTap			Hib	IPV	MMR		✓	✓		IIV				HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Nicaragua				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR					IIV	PCV						RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Niger				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓						PCV						RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Nigeria				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Niue				DTwPHepBIPV						MR					IIV							RV	BCG			^[9]
North Macedonia				HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR					IIV				HPV				BCG			^[9]
Norway	No			HepB	DTap			Hib	IPV	MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Oman				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓			IIV	PCV							BCG	TF	YF	^[9]
Pakistan				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓						PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
Palau				DTaPHepBIPV						MR					IIV				HPV			RV				^[9]
Panama			HepA	HepB	DTwPHib					MMR		✓			IIV	PCV			HPV		Rab	RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Papua New Guinea				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR									HPV				BCG			^[9]
Paraguay			HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓	✓		IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Peru				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓			IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Philippines				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR					IIV				HPV				BCG			^[9]
Poland	No			HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR		✓			IIV	PCV					Rab		BCG			^[9]
Portugal	No			HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR				✓	IIV	PCV			HPV		Rab		BCG		YF	^[9]
Qatar			HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓			IIV	PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
South Korea			HepA	HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MR		✓			IIV				HPV	JE			BCG	TF		^[9]
Moldova				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Romania	No			HepB	DTap			Hib	IPV	MMR		✓			IIV	PCV						RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Russia	No		HepA	HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR		✓			IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Rwanda				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Saint Kitts and Nevis				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR					IIV				HPV				BCG		YF	^[9]
Saint Lucia				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓			IIV	PCV			HPV				BCG		YF	^[9]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR									HPV				BCG		YF	^[9]
Samoa				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR													BCG			^[9]
San Marino			HepA	HepB	DTap			Hib	IPV	MMR		✓	✓		IIV	PCV		Chol	HPV	JE	Rab				YF	^[9]
São Tomé and Príncipe				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Saudi Arabia			HepA	HepB	DTaPHib					MMR		✓			IIV	PCV						RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Senegal				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Serbia			HepA	HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR					IIV	PCV							BCG	TF	YF	^[9]
Seychelles				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Sierra Leone				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Singapore				HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MR					IIV				HPV				BCG			^[9]
Slovakia	No			HepB	DTap			Hib	IPV	MMR					IIV	PCV										^[9]
Slovenia	No			HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR		✓			IIV	PCV	TBE		HPV		Rab		BCG			^[9]
Solomon Islands				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR									HPV				BCG			^[9]
Somalia				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓													BCG			^[9]
South Africa	No			HepB	✓		✓		✓	✓					IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
South Sudan				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓													BCG			^[9]
Spain	No		HepA	HepB	TDaP					MMRV			✓	✓	IIV	PCV		Chol	HPV	JE					YF	^[9]
Sri Lanka				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR									HPV	JE			BCG		YF	^[9]
Sudan				DTwPHibHepB					✓	✓				✓		PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
Suriname				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR					IIV				HPV		Rab				YF	^[9]
Sweden	No			HepB	DTap			Hib	IPV	MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Switzerland	No			HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR		✓		✓	IIV	PCV			HPV							^[9]
Syria				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR				✓	IIV								BCG			^[9]
Tajikistan				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR					IIV							RV	BCG			^[9]
Tanzania				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Thailand				HepB	✓		✓			MR					IIV				HPV	JE		RV	BCG			^[9]
East Timor				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR												RV	BCG			^[9]
Togo				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Tonga				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR									HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Trinidad and Tobago				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓			IIV	PCV			HPV						YF	^[9]
Tunisia			HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR					IIV								BCG			^[9]
Turkey			HepA	HepB	DTaPHibIPV					MMR		✓			IIV	PCV							BCG			^[9]
Turkmenistan			HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR					IIV	PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Tuvalu				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR					IIV								BCG			^[9]
Uganda				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]
Ukraine	Yes			DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR					IIV								BCG			^[9]
United Arab Emirates			HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓	✓		IIV	PCV		Chol				RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
United Kingdom	No			HepB	DTap			Hib	IPV	MMR			✓	✓	IIV	PCV			HPV		Rab	RV	BCG			^[9]
United States	Yes		HepA	DTaPHepBIPV						MMRV			✓		IIV	PCV			HPV			RV				^[9]
Uruguay			HepA	DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR		✓			IIV	PCV			HPV				BCG		YF	^[9]
Uzbekistan				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR					IIV	PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
Vanuatu				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR									HPV				BCG			^[9]
Venezuela				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MMR				✓	IIV	PCV					Rab	RV	BCG		YF	^[9]
Vietnam				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR					IIV					JE			BCG			^[9]
Yemen				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
Zambia				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV						RV	BCG			^[9]
Zimbabwe				DTwPHibHepB					✓	MR						PCV			HPV			RV	BCG			^[9]

Mandatory to all

Mandatory to specific people

Recommended to all

Recommended to specific people

Neither mandatory nor recommended to anyone

↑ Category B (i.e. not even recommended but for a personal care only) for the elderly. The public insurance partially covers the vaccination cost.

By country

Australia

The Immunise Australia Program implements the National Immunization Program (NIP) Schedule. All vaccines available under the Australian immunization schedule are free of charge under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.^[16]

Vaccine Schedule for Australia: 1 April 2019^[17]
Infection	Birth	Months					Years							Preg Women
Infection	Birth	2	4	6	12	18	4	12–<13	14–<16	>15	>50	65+	70	Preg Women
Rotavirus		RV †	RV †
Hepatitis A					HepA§^{[lower-alpha 1]}	HepA§^{[lower-alpha 1]}
Hepatitis B	HepB †	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib †	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib †	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib †	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib ‡			DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib ‡	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib ‡^{[lower-alpha 2]}
Diphtheria								Tdap †						Tdap †
Pertussis
Tetanus
Polio								DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib ‡
Haemophilus influenzae								DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib ‡
Meningococcus					MenACWY †	MenACWY ‡			MenACWY †	MenACWY ‡^{[lower-alpha 2]}
Pneumococcus		PCV13 †	PCV13 †	PCV13 #	PCV13 †	PCV13 ‡^{[lower-alpha 2]}
		PCV13 †	PCV13 †	PCV13§^{[lower-alpha 1]}	PCV13 †	PCV13 ‡^{[lower-alpha 2]}
							PPSV23 #			PPSV23 #§	PPSV23§	PPSV23 †
Measles					MMR †	MMRV †	MMRV ‡^{[lower-alpha 2]}
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Human papillomavirus								HPV x2†	HPV x2‡^{[lower-alpha 2]}
Influenza				IIV (yearly)†								IIV (yearly)†
				IIV (yearly)#
				IIV (yearly)§
Herpes Zoster													ZVL
† Recommended ages for everyone. # Recommended ages for certain other high-risk groups. ‡ Recommended ages for catch-up immunization. § Recommended range of additional vaccinations for Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders. 1 2 3 Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, South Australia 1 2 3 4 5 All people aged less than 20 years are eligible for free catch up vaccines.

Austria

Austrian vaccine recommendations are developed by the National Vaccination Board (German : Nationales Impfgremium), which is part of the Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection.^[18]

Children aged 14 and older can be vaccinated without parental consent.^[19]

Brazil

All recommended vaccines are provide free of charge by the public health services.

Brazilian National Vaccination Schedule: 2019^[20]
Infection	Gestation	Birth	Months								Years
Infection	Gestation	Birth	2	3	4	5	6	9	12	15	4	5	9	11	10–59	60+
Tuberculosis		BCG
Leprosy		BCG
Hepatitis A										HepA
Hepatitis B		HepB	5V		5V		5V
Diphtheria	DTPa									DTP	DTP				dT
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae
Polio			IPV		IPV		IPV			OPV	OPV
Pneumococcus			10v		10v				10v
Meningococcus				MenC		MenC			MenC					MenC
Rotavirus			RV		RV
Measles									MMR	MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella											VV
Yellow fever								YF
Human papillomavirus													HPV x2 (girls)	HPV x2 (boys)
Flu	IIV						IIV (yearly)									IIV (yearly)

Canada

In Canada, publicly funded immunization schedules may vary from province or territory.

Alberta

Alberta Vaccine Schedule: 2015^[21]
Infection	Months					Years
Infection	2	4	6	12	18	4	10–13	15–17	65+
Hepatitis B						HepB
Diphtheria	DTaP	DTaP	DTaP		DTaP	DTaP		Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae	HIB	HIB	HIB		HIB
Pneumococcus	PneuC13	PneuC13		PneuC13
Polio	IPV	IPV	IPV		IPV	IPV
Measles				MMRV		MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Meningococcus		MenC		MenC				MenC-ACYW
Human papillomavirus							HPV	HPV (boys)
Flu			IIV (yearly)

British Columbia

British Columbia Vaccine Schedule: 2015^[21]
Infection	Months					Years
Infection	2	4	6	12	18	4	10–13	15–17	65+
Hepatitis B	HepB	HepB	HepB
Rotavirus	RV	RV
Diphtheria	DTaP	DTaP	DTaP			DTaP		Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae	HIB	HIB	HIB		HIB
Pneumococcus	PneuC13	PneuC13		PneuC13
Polio	IPV	IPV	IPV		IPV	IPV
Measles				MMR		MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella							VV
Meningococcus	MenCCV			MenCCV
Human papillomavirus							HPV (girls)
Flu			IIV (yearly)

New Brunswick

New Brunswick Vaccine Schedule: 2015^[21]
Infection	Birth	Months					Years
Infection	Birth	2	4	6	12	18	4	10–13	15–17	65+
Hepatitis B	HepB	HepB		HepB
Diphtheria		DTaP	DTaP	DTaP		DTaP	DTaP		Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae		HIB	HIB	HIB		HIB
Pneumococcus		PneuC13	PneuC13		PneuC13
Polio		IPV	IPV	IPV		IPV	IPV
Measles					MMRV	MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Meningococcus					MenCCV				MenC-ACYW
Human papillomavirus								HPV (girls)
Flu				IIV (yearly)

Ontario

Ontario Vaccine Schedule: 2017^[21]
Infection	Months						Years
Infection	2	4	6	12	15	18	4	10–13	15–17
Hepatitis B								HepB
Rotavirus	RV	RV
Diphtheria	DTaP	DTaP	DTaP			DTaP	DTaP		Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae	HIB	HIB	HIB			HIB
Pneumococcus	PCV13	PCV13		PCV13
Polio	IPV	IPV	IPV			IPV	IPV
Measles				MMRV			MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella					VV
Meningococcus				MenC				MenC-ACYW
Human papillomavirus								HPV (girls)

Quebec

Quebec Vaccine Schedule: 2019^[22]^[23]
Infection	Months					Years
Infection	2	4	6	12	18	4–6	9	14–16	Adult	50	65	75
Hepatitis A							HepA
Hepatitis B	HepB	HepB			HepB		HepB
Rotavirus	RV	RV
Diphtheria	DTaP	DTaP	DTaP		DTaP	Tdap		Tdap	Tdap	Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae	HIB	HIB	HIB		HIB
Pneumococcus	PCV10	PCV10		PCV10							PPV23
Polio	IPV	IPV	IPV		IPV	IPV
Measles				MMR	MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella						VV
Meningococcus				MenCC				MenCC
Human papillomavirus							HPV
Flu			IIV	IIV	IIV							IIV (yearly)

Finland

Vaccination Schedule for Finland^[24]^[25]
Infection	Birth	Months						Years
Infection	Birth	2	3	5	6	12	18	3	4	6	11–12	14–15	25	65+
Tuberculosis	BCG ^{[lower-alpha 1]}
Rotavirus		RV	RV	RV
Diphtheria			DTaP	DTaP		DTaP			DTaP			Tdap	Td (10‑yearly)^{[lower-alpha 2]}
Tetanus													Td (10‑yearly)^{[lower-alpha 2]}
Pertussis
Polio			IPV	IPV		IPV			IPV
Haemophilus influenzae			HIB	HIB		HIB
Hepatitis B	HepB
Pneumococcus			PCV10 ^[26]	PCV10 ^[26]		PCV10 ^[26]								PCV13 + PPSV23 ^[26]^{[lower-alpha 3]}
Measles						MMR ^{[lower-alpha 4]}				MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella ^{[lower-alpha 5]}							VV
Human papillomavirus											HPV ^[27]
Influenza					IIV3 ^{[lower-alpha 6]}									IIV3
Tick-borne encephalitis								TBE ^{[lower-alpha 7]}
↑ For specific at risk-groups only (to be given at the earliest age)) ↑ Thereafter Td booster every 10 years with or without vaccination against poliomyelitis (IPV) in case of travel to endemic areas and when previous IPV dose was given more than 5 years before ↑ Recommended but not free of charge for those over 65 years. ↑ Vaccination can be given from 6 months of age in case of travel abroad. If vaccination starts before 12 months of age, 2 doses are recommended (14–18 months and 6 years) The temporary recommendation of giving measles at 12 months of age was made a permanent recommendation; ie. now MMR should be given from 12–18 months except if travelling abroad to measles infected countries when it can be given from 6 months on. In case MMR is given at 6–11 months, the child needs a second and third dose to complete the series. ↑ Varicella vaccination implemented from 1 September 2017. Catch-up to all those born on 1 January 2006 or after and with no history of varicella. ↑ One or two doses administered depending on previous influenza vaccination history. Annual vaccination. IIV tri-or quadrivalent used as follows: IIV3 for all those 6–35 months. IIV4 with nonpreferential alternative to all those 24–35 months. IIV3 also recommended to medical risk group children from 36 months up. ↑ TBE vaccination for to those living permanently on the island of Åland

History: 1960: Mumps vaccinations for military recruits.; 1975: Measles vaccination for 1 year old children.; 1975: Rubella vaccination for 11–13 years old girls and seronegative mothers.; 1982: Two doses of MMR vaccination at 14–18 months and 6 years of age were introduced in the national childhood vaccination programme.; 2009: Rotavirus vaccine introduced at 2, 3 and 5 months to all children (September 2009); 2010: PCV introduced at 3, 5 and 12 months of age to all children (September 2010).; 2013: HPV vaccination of girls introduced; 2017: Varicella vaccination introduced (1 September 2017) at 18 months, 6 years + catch-up of all born from 1 January 2006 or after with no history of varicella.; 2020: HPV vaccination of boys introduced^[28]

France

Vaccination Schedule for France
Infection	Months											Years
Infection	0	1	2	4	6	11	12	13	15	16–18	23	2	5	6	11–13	25	45	65+
Tuberculosis	BCG †		BCG #
Diphtheria			D †	D †		D †								D †	D †	d †
Tetanus			TT †	TT †		TT †								TT †		TT †
Pertussis			acP †	acP †		acP †								acP †		acp †
Polio			IPV †	IPV †		IPV †								IPV †		IPV †
Haemophilus influenzae			Hib †	Hib †		Hib †
Hepatitis B	HepB †	HepB †	HepB †	HepB †	HepB †
Pneumococcus			PCV †	PCV †		PCV †
Meningococcus							MenC †
Measles					MEAS †					MEAS †
Mumps							MUMPS †			MUMPS †
Rubella							RUMBE †			RUMBE †
Human papillomavirus															HPV †
Influenza																		TIV †
Herpes Zoster																		HZ †
† General Recommendation # Recommended for specific groups only. ‡ Catch-up

Germany

In Germany, a vaccination schedule is developed by the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO), which operates as part of the Robert Koch Institute. The recommendations are generally adopted by the Federal Joint Committee.

Vaccination Schedule for Germany
Infection	Weeks	Months								Years
Infection	6	2	3	4	11	12	14	15	23	2	5–6	9	14	15	17	18–45	59	>60
Rotavirus	RV †	RV †	RV †
Diphtheria		D †	D †	D †	D †			D ‡		d ‡	d †	d †				d †
Tetanus		TT †	TT †	TT †	TT †			TT ‡		TT ‡	TT †	TT †				TT †
Pertussis		acP †	acP †	acP †	acP †			acP ‡		acP ‡	acp †	acp †				acp †
Polio		IPV †	IPV †	IPV †	IPV †			IPV ‡		IPV ‡		IPV †				IPV ‡
Haemophilus influenzae		Hib †	Hib †	Hib †	Hib †			Hib ‡		Hib ‡
Hepatitis B		HepB †	HepB †	HepB †	HepB †			HepB ‡		HepB ‡
Pneumococcus		PCV †	PCV †	PCV †	PCV †			PCV ‡			Pnc #							PPSV23 †
Meningococcus						MenC †				MenC ‡
Measles					MEAS †			MEAS †		MEAS ‡						MEAS #
Mumps					MUMPS †			MUMPS †		MUMPS ‡
Rubella					RUMBE †			RUMBE †		RUMBE ‡
Varicella					VAR †			VAR †		VAR ‡
Human papillomavirus												HPV †		HPV ‡
Influenza																		TIV †
Tick-borne Encephalitis						TBE #
† General Recommendation # Recommended for specific groups only. ‡ Catch-up

Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, Department of Health is responsible for providing free vaccinations from newborns up to primary school students.

India

In India, the standard vaccination schedule is recommended by the Indian Academy of Paediatrics(IAP).^[29] The latest schedule was the one given in 2016.^[30]

**IAP Immunization Timetable: 2016**^[30]
Infection	Birth	Months										Years
Infection	Birth	1.5	2.5	3.5	6	9	9-12	12	15	16-18	18	2	4–6	10–12
Tuberculosis	BCG
Polio	OPV				OPV	OPV							OPV
Hepatitis B	HepB	HepB			HepB
Rotavirus		RV	RV	RV
Diphtheria		DTwP	DTwP	DTwP						DTwP			DTwP	Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae		HIB	HIB	HIB						HIB
Pneumococcus		PCV	PCV	PCV					PCV
Polio		IPV	IPV	IPV						IPV
Measles						MMR			MMR				MMR
Mumps
Rubella
Typhoid							TCV					TCV
Hepatitis A								HepA			HepA
Varicella									VV				VV
Human papillomavirus														HPV (girls)

Italy

Vaccination Schedule for Italy
Infection	Birth	Months					Years
Infection	Birth	3	5–6	11	13	15	5–6	11–18	65+
Diphtheria		D †	D †	D †			D †	d †
Tetanus		TT †	TT †	TT †			TT †	TT †
Pertussis		acP †	acP †	acP †			acP †	acp †
Polio		IPV †	IPV †	IPV †			IPV †
Haemophilus influenzae		Hib †	Hib †	Hib †
Hepatitis B	HepB #	HepB †	HepB †	HepB †
Pneumococcus		PCV †	PCV †	PCV †
Meningococcus					MenC †			MenC ‡
Measles					MEAS †		MEAS †	MEAS ‡
Mumps					MUMPS †		MUMPS †	MUMPS ‡
Rubella					RUMBE †		RUMBE †	RUMBE ‡
Varicella								VAR †
Human papillomavirus								HPV †
Influenza									TIV †
† General Recommendation # Recommended for specific groups only. ‡ Catch-up

Japan

The vaccination schedule in Japan is defined and partially recommended by Immunization Act [ ja ] (Japanese : 予防接種法) and its related cabinet order [ ja ] (Japanese : 予防接種法施行令).^[14]^[15] By the combined laws, infections are categorized into two groups: Category A is recommended for vaccination to prevent pandemic whereas Category B is only for a personal care purpose.^[31] As of January 2020, fourteen infections are Category A diseases and two are Category B on the legal lists.^[14]^[15] The Act and the Order were enacted for mandatory vaccination in 1948 with punitive clauses, only the clauses were repealed in 1976 and eventually vaccination has become non-mandatory since 1994.^[32]

**Japan Vaccine Schedule: January 2020**^[14]^[15]
Infection	Act/ Order (Category)	Birth	Months							Years
Infection	Act/ Order (Category)	Birth	2	3	6	12	24	36	60	≧5^{[lower-alpha 1]}	7>^{[lower-alpha 1]}	7.5 (90 mo)	9	11	12^{[lower-alpha 2]}	13>	16^{[lower-alpha 2]}	60–64^{[lower-alpha 3]} & 65+
Diphtheria	Act (A)			DTaP-IPV										DT
Tetanus	Act (A)													DT
Pertussis	Act (A)
Polio	Act (A)
Measles	Act (A)					MR (1st)				MR (2nd)
Rubella	Act (A)					MR (1st)				MR (2nd)
Japanese encephalitis	Act (A)				Japanese encephalitis (1st)								Japanese encephalitis (2nd)
Tuberculosis	Act (A)	BCG
Haemophilus influenzae	Act (A)		Hib
Pneumococcus	Act (A)		Pneumococcal
Pneumococcus	Order (B)																	Pneumococcal
Human papillomavirus	Act (A)														HPV vaccine
Smallpox	Order (A)	Not specified by the act or the order
Varicella	Order (A)					Varicella
Hepatitis B	Order (A)	Hep B
Influenza	Order (B)																	Flu
1 2 Vaccines for measles and rubella (MR vaccine) can be received anytime from 5 y/o before 7 y/o, AND the time should be also between one year and one day before the first day of schooling (quote: "五歳以上七歳未満の者であって、小学校就学の始期に達する日の一年前の日から当該始期に達する日の前日までの間にあるもの". 1 2 HPV for female students only. Vaccination can be started from the first day of school year within she turns 12, and until the last day of school year within she turns 16 (quote: "十二歳となる日の属する年度の初日から十六歳となる日の属する年度の末日までの間にある女子"). ↑ Age 60–64 with certain diseases: heart, kidney or respitory failures, or with an immune-related disorder due to HIV infection.

Only in the legal term in Japan, citizens get old one day before their birthdays. If a person was born on January 1, 2020, and Immunization Act specifies vaccine against measles could be received from age 12 months to 24 months, vaccination shall be practiced between December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2021 (not between January 2021 and January 2022.)^[33]^[34] Some vaccinations are scheduled in line with the school year system, which starts from April 1 in Japan.^[35] As explained, those who born on April 1 and on April 2 get old legally on March 31 and April 1, respectively. Thus, these two people are in different school years and thereby they may take vaccines in different calendar years.

**Legal age counting system in Japan**^[33]^[34]^[35]
Recipients	Birth	Months							Years
Recipients	Birth	2	3	6	12	24	36	60	≧5^{[lower-alpha 1]}	7>^{[lower-alpha 1]}	7.5 (90 mo)	9	11	12^{[lower-alpha 2]}	13>	16^{[lower-alpha 2]}
Person A^{[lower-alpha 3]}	Dec 31, 2019	Feb 29, 2020^{[lower-alpha 4]}	Mar 30, 2020	Jun 30, 2020	Dec 30, 2020	Dec 30, 2021	Dec 30, 2022	Dec 30, 2024	Apr 1, 2025	Mar 31, 2026	Jun 30, 2027	Dec 30, 2028	Dec 30, 2030	Apr 1, 2031	Dec 29, 2032	Mar 31, 2036
Person B^{[lower-alpha 3]}	Jan 1, 2020	Feb 29, 2020^{[lower-alpha 4]}	Mar 31, 2020	Jun 30, 2020	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2024	Apr 1, 2025	Mar 31, 2026	Jun 30, 2027	Dec 31, 2028	Dec 31, 2030	Apr 1, 2031	Dec 30, 2032	Mar 31, 2036
Person C^{[lower-alpha 3]}	Apr 1, 2020	May 31, 2020	Jun 31, 2020	Sep 30, 2020	Mar 31, 2021	Mar 31, 2022	Mar 31, 2023	Mar 31, 2025	Apr 1, 2025	Mar 31, 2026	Sep 30, 2027	Mar 31, 2029	Mar 31, 2031	Apr 1, 2031	Mar 30, 2033	Mar 31, 2036
Person D^{[lower-alpha 5]}	Apr 2, 2020	Jun 1, 2020	Jul 1, 2020	Oct 1, 2020	Apr 1, 2021	Apr 1, 2022	Apr 1, 2023	Apr 1, 2025	Apr 1, 2026	Mar 31, 2027	Oct 1, 2027	Apr 1, 2029	Apr 1, 2031	Apr 1, 2032	Mar 31, 2033	Mar 31, 2037
1 2 Vaccines for measles and rubella (MR vaccine) can be received anytime from 5 y/o before 7 y/o, AND the time should be also between one year and one day before the first day of schooling (quote: "五歳以上七歳未満の者であって、小学校就学の始期に達する日の一年前の日から当該始期に達する日の前日までの間にあるもの". 1 2 HPV for female students only. Vaccination can be started from the first day of school year within she turns 12, and until the last day of school year within she turns 16 (quote: "十二歳となる日の属する年度の初日から十六歳となる日の属する年度の末日までの間にある女子"). 1 2 3 Starts elementary schooling from April 1, 2026 1 2 2020 is a leap year. Person B socially turns 2 months old on March 1, 2004. In the legal term, however, Person B's 2-month birthday is the day before March 1, 2004. Thus, It shall be February 29, 2004. There are no February 30 or 31 in 2020. As a result Person A and Person B have the same 2-month birthday. ↑ Starts elementary schooling from April 1, 2027

New Zealand

New Zealand Immunization Schedule: 1 October 2020^[36]
Infection	Gestation	Weeks	Months				Years
Infection	Gestation	6	3	5	12	15	4	11–12	45	65+
Rotavirus		RV	RV
Diphtheria	Tdap	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib			DTaP-IPV	Tdap	Tdap	Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio
Hepatitis B
Haemophilus influenzae						Hib
Pneumococcus		PCV10		PCV10	PCV10
Measles					MMR	MMR
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella						VV		VV ^{[lower-alpha 1]}
Human papillomavirus								HPV9
Herpes Zoster										HZ
Influenza	IIV									IIV (yearly)
↑ Only if the person has not previously received the varicella vaccine or had a varicella infection

History

Major additions, replacements and removals from the New Zealand Immunization Schedule include:^[37]

1958: First Schedule: DTwP and DT

1961: Polio (OPV) added

1971: Measles, rubella and tetanus toxoid added

1979: Rubella changed to girls only

1988: HepB added

1990: MMR replaced measles and rubella

1994: HIB added; Td replaced tetanus toxoid

1996: DT dropped

1997: Influenza added

2000: DTaP replaced DTwP

2002: IPV replaced OPV

2006: MeNZB and Tdap added

2008: MeNZB dropped, PCV7 added, HPV4 added for females only

2011: PCV10 replaced PCV7

2014: RV5 added, PCV13 replaced PCV10

2017: HPV9 replaced HPV4 and extended to males, RV1 replaced RV5, PCV10 replaced PCV13, VV added.

2018: HZ added.

2020: Td dropped.

Nigeria

All recommended vaccines are provide free of charge by the Federal Ministry of Health.

Nigerian National Vaccination Schedule:^[38]
Infection	Birth	Months						Years
Infection	Birth	2	3	4	6	9	18	4	5
Tuberculosis	BCG
Leprosy	BCG
Hepatitis B	HepB	5V		5V	5V
Diphtheria							DTP
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae
Polio	OPV	OPV	OPV	OPV			OPV	OPV
Pneumococcus		PCV	PCV	PCV		PCV
Meningococcus							MCV	MCV
Yellow fever						YF

Spain

Vaccination Schedule for Spain
Infection	Birth	Months					Years
Infection	Birth	2	4	6	12	18	3–4	6	12	14	65+
Diphtheria		D †	D †	D †		D †		d †		d †	d †
Tetanus		TT †	TT †	TT †		TT †		TT †		TT †	TT †
Pertussis		acP †	acP †	acP †		acP †		acp †
Polio		IPV †	IPV †	IPV †		IPV †
Haemophilus influenzae		Hib †	Hib †	Hib †		Hib †
Hepatitis B	HepB †	HepB †	HepB †
Pneumococcus		PCV †	PCV †		PCV †						PPSV23 †
Meningococcus		MenC †			MenC †				MenC †
Measles					MEAS †		MEAS †
Mumps					MUMPS †		MUMPS †
Rubella					RUMBE †		RUMBE †
Varicella									VAR †
Human papillomavirus									HPV †
Influenza											TIV †
† General Recommendation # Recommended for specific groups only. ‡ Catch-up

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom childhood vaccination schedule is recommended by the Department of Health and National Health Service, and uses combination immunisations where available.

United Kingdom Vaccine Schedule: 2020^[39]
Infection	Months				Years
Infection	2	3	4	12	2–10	3–4	12–13	13–15	16–18
Diphtheria	DTaP	DTaP	DTaP			DTaP		Td
Tetanus								Td
Pertussis
Polio	IPV	IPV	IPV			IPV		IPV
Haemophilus influenzae	HIB	HIB	HIB	HIB
Meningococcus	MenB		MenB	MenB/C				MenACWY
Rotavirus	RV	RV
Pneumococcus		PCV		PCV
Hepatitis B	HepB	HepB	HepB
Measles				MMR		MMR
Mumps
Rubella
Influenza					LAIV
HPV							HPV x2

Non-routine vaccinations

Some children may receive vaccines in addition to those listed in the table:

BCG vaccine is given at birth to "children born in areas of the country where there are high numbers of TB cases" and "children whose parents or grandparents were born in a country with many cases of TB."^[39]
Hepatitis B vaccine is given at birth to "babies born to mothers who have hepatitis B".^[39]
The injected flu vaccine is offered annually to "children 6 months to 17 years old with long-term health conditions".^[39]

Adult vaccinations

The five scheduled childhood tetanus vaccinations are thought to generally confer lifelong immunity; thus, no routine booster doses are given in adulthood. Those adults at risk of contaminated cuts (e.g., gardeners) may have booster tetanus vaccination every ten years.^[40] Pneumococcus vaccinations (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine/PPV) are recommended for those over 65 and for people without a functional spleen (asplenia), either because the spleen has been removed or does not work properly.^[41] Flu vaccine is recommended for anyone who is aged 65 years and over, people with certain long-term medical conditions, health and social care professionals, pregnant women, and poultry workers.^[42] The shingles vaccine is recommended for those over 70.^[39] Additionally, pregnant women are advised to have the pertussis vaccine.^[43]

United States

The most up-to-date schedules are available from CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. In the US, the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act requires all health-care providers to provide parents or patients with copies of Vaccine Information Statements before administering vaccines.^[44]

Vaccine Schedule for the United States: 2020^[45]^[46]
Infection	Birth	Months									Years
Infection	Birth	1	2	4	6	9	12	15	18	19–23	2–3	4–6	7–10	11–12	13–15	16	17–18	19–26	27–49	50–64	65+
Hepatitis B	HepB †	HepB †		HepB ‡	HepB †					HepB ‡								HepB x2–3#
Rotavirus			RV †	RV †	RV †
Diphtheria			DTaP †	DTaP †	DTaP †	DTaP ‡		DTaP †		DTaP ‡		DTaP †	Tdap ‡	Tdap †	Tdap ‡			Td or Tdap (every 10 years)†
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae			Hib †	Hib †	Hib †	Hib ‡	Hib †		Hib ‡				Hib #					Hib x1–3#
Polio			IPV †	IPV †	IPV †					IPV ‡		IPV †	IPV ‡
Pneumococcus			PCV13 †	PCV13 †	PCV13 †	PCV13 ‡	PCV13 †		PCV13 ‡				PCV13 #					PCV13 #			PCV13§
Pneumococcus											PPSV23 #							PPSV23 x1–2#			PPSV23 †
Influenza					IIV (yearly)†						IIV or LAIV (yearly)†
Measles					MMR #		MMR †		MMR ‡			MMR †	MMR ‡					MMR x1–2‡
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella							VAR †		VAR ‡			VAR †	VAR ‡					VAR x1–2‡		VAR 2x#
Hepatitis A					HepA #		HepA x2†				HepA ‡							HepA x2–3#
Meningococcus			MenACWY #											MenACWY †	MenACWY ‡	MenACWY †	MenACWY ‡	MenACWY x1–2#
														MenB x2–3#
																	MenB§
Human papillomavirus													HPV #	HPV x2–3†	HPV ‡			HPV ‡	HPV§
Herpes Zoster																				RZV or ZVL †
† Range of recommended ages for everyone. See references for more details. # Range of recommended ages for certain high-risk groups. See references for more details. ‡ Range of recommended ages for catch-up immunization or for people who lack evidence of immunity (e.g., lack documentation of vaccination or have no evidence of prior infection).^{[lower-alpha 1]} § Recommended vaccination based on shared clinical decision-making. ↑ CDC provides more detailed information in catch-up immunizations.

During pregnancy

The CDC recommends pregnant women receive some vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine a month or more before pregnancy. The Tdap vaccine (to help protect against whooping cough) is recommended during pregnancy. Other vaccines, like the flu shot, can be given before or during pregnancy, depending on whether or not it is flu season. Vaccination is safe right after giving birth, even while breastfeeding.^[47]^[48]^[49]^[50]

History

In 1900, the smallpox vaccine was the only one administered to children. By the early 1950s, children routinely received three vaccines, for protection against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and smallpox, and as many as five shots by two years of age.^[4] Since the mid-1980s, many vaccines have been added to the schedule. In 2009, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended vaccination against at least fourteen diseases. By two years of age, U.S. children receive as many as 24 vaccine injections, and might receive up to five shots during one visit to the doctor.^[4] The use of combination vaccine products means that, as of 2013^[update], the United Kingdom's immunization program consists of nine injections by the age of two, rather than 22 if vaccination for each disease was given as a separate injection.^[51]

Related Research Articles

Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop immunity from a disease. Vaccines contain a microorganism or virus in a weakened, live or killed state, or proteins or toxins from the organism. In stimulating the body's adaptive immunity, they help prevent sickness from an infectious disease. When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated, herd immunity results. Herd immunity protects those who may be immunocompromised and cannot get a vaccine because even a weakened version would harm them. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the elimination of diseases such as polio and tetanus from much of the world. However, some diseases, such as measles outbreaks in America, have seen rising cases due to relatively low vaccination rates in the 2010s – attributed, in part, to vaccine hesitancy. According to the World Health Organization, vaccination prevents 3.5–5 million deaths per year.

The MMR vaccine is a vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella, abbreviated as MMR. The first dose is generally given to children around 9 months to 15 months of age, with a second dose at 15 months to 6 years of age, with at least four weeks between the doses. After two doses, 97% of people are protected against measles, 88% against mumps, and at least 97% against rubella. The vaccine is also recommended for those who do not have evidence of immunity, those with well-controlled HIV/AIDS, and within 72 hours of exposure to measles among those who are incompletely immunized. It is given by injection.

Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infection caused by the rubella virus. This disease is often mild, with half of people not realizing that they are infected. A rash may start around two weeks after exposure and last for three days. It usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. The rash is sometimes itchy and is not as bright as that of measles. Swollen lymph nodes are common and may last a few weeks. A fever, sore throat, and fatigue may also occur. Joint pain is common in adults. Complications may include bleeding problems, testicular swelling, encephalitis, and inflammation of nerves. Infection during early pregnancy may result in a miscarriage or a child born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Symptoms of CRS manifest as problems with the eyes such as cataracts, deafness, as well as affecting the heart and brain. Problems are rare after the 20th week of pregnancy.

Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent.

The DPT vaccine or DTP vaccine is a class of combination vaccines to protect against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (lockjaw). The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and either killed whole cells of the bacterium that causes pertussis or pertussis antigens. The term toxoid refers to vaccines which use an inactivated toxin produced by the pathogen which they are targeted against to generate an immune response. In this way, the toxoid vaccine generates an immune response which is targeted against the toxin which is produced by the pathogen and causes disease, rather than a vaccine which is targeted against the pathogen itself. The whole cells or antigens will be depicted as either "DTwP" or "DTaP", where the lower-case "w" indicates whole-cell inactivated pertussis and the lower-case "a" stands for "acellular". In comparison to alternative vaccine types, such as live attenuated vaccines, the DTP vaccine does not contain any live pathogen, but rather uses inactivated toxoid to generate an immune response; therefore, there is not a risk of use in populations that are immune compromised since there is not any known risk of causing the disease itself. As a result, the DTP vaccine is considered a safe vaccine to use in anyone and it generates a much more targeted immune response specific for the pathogen of interest.

The MMRV vaccine is a combination vaccine which combines the attenuated virus measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox). The MMRV vaccine has similar immunogenicity and overall safety profiles to the MMR vaccine administered with or without the varicella vaccine. The MMRV vaccine is typically given to children between one and two years of age.

Mumps vaccines are vaccines which prevent mumps. When given to a majority of the population they decrease complications at the population level. Effectiveness when 90% of a population is vaccinated is estimated at 85%. Two doses are required for long term prevention. The initial dose is recommended between 12 and 18 months of age. The second dose is then typically given between two years and six years of age. Usage after exposure in those not already immune may be useful.

Immunization during pregnancy is the administration of a vaccine to a pregnant individual. This may be done either to protect the individual from disease or to induce an antibody response, such that the antibodies cross the placenta and provide passive immunity to the infant after birth. In many countries, including the US, Canada, UK, Australia and New Zealand, vaccination against influenza, COVID-19 and whooping cough is routinely offered during pregnancy.

The Expanded Program on Immunization(EPI) in the Philippines began in 1976 through Presidential Decree No. 996 signed by President Ferdinand Marcos. And, in 1986, made a response to the Universal Child Immunization goal. The four major strategies include:

sustaining high routine Full Immunized Child (FIC) coverage of at least 90% in all provinces and cities;
sustaining the polio-free country for global certification;
eliminating measles by 2008; and
eliminating neonatal tetanus by 2008.

Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine that prevents hepatitis B. The first dose is recommended within 24 hours of birth with either two or three more doses given after that. This includes those with poor immune function such as from HIV/AIDS and those born premature. It is also recommended that health-care workers be vaccinated. In healthy people, routine immunization results in more than 95% of people being protected.

A vaccination policy is a health policy adopted in order to prevent the spread of infectious disease. These policies are generally put into place by state or local governments, but may also be set by private facilities, such as workplaces or schools. Many policies have been developed and implemented since vaccines were first made widely available.

Pertussis vaccine is a vaccine that protects against whooping cough (pertussis). There are two main types: whole-cell vaccines and acellular vaccines. The whole-cell vaccine is about 78% effective while the acellular vaccine is 71–85% effective. The effectiveness of the vaccines appears to decrease by between 2 and 10% per year after vaccination with a more rapid decrease with the acellular vaccines. The vaccine is only available in combination with tetanus and diphtheria vaccines. Pertussis vaccine is estimated to have saved over 500,000 lives in 2002.

Measles vaccine protects against becoming infected with measles. Nearly all of those who do not develop immunity after a single dose develop it after a second dose. When the rate of vaccination within a population is greater than 92%, outbreaks of measles typically no longer occur; however, they may occur again if the rate of vaccination decreases. The vaccine's effectiveness lasts many years. It is unclear if it becomes less effective over time. The vaccine may also protect against measles if given within a couple of days after exposure to measles.

Rubella vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rubella. Effectiveness begins about two weeks after a single dose and around 95% of people become immune. Countries with high rates of immunization no longer see cases of rubella or congenital rubella syndrome. When there is a low level of childhood immunization in a population it is possible for rates of congenital rubella to increase as more women make it to child-bearing age without either vaccination or exposure to the disease. Therefore, it is important for more than 80% of people to be vaccinated. By introducing rubella containing vaccines, rubella has been eradicated in 81 nations, as of mid-2020.

A vaccine-preventable disease is an infectious disease for which an effective preventive vaccine exists. If a person acquires a vaccine-preventable disease and dies from it, the death is considered a vaccine-preventable death.

Tetanus vaccine, also known as tetanus toxoid (TT), is a toxoid vaccine used to prevent tetanus. During childhood, five doses are recommended, with a sixth given during adolescence.

Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) is a vaccination programme launched by the Government of India in 1985. It became a part of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme in 1992 and is currently one of the key areas under the National Health Mission since 2005. The programme now consists of vaccination for 12 diseases- tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, hepatitis B, rotaviral gastroenteritis, Japanese encephalitis, rubella, pneumonia and Pneumococcal diseases. Hepatitis B and Pneumococcal diseases were added to the UIP in 2007 and 2017 respectively. The cost of all the vaccines are borne entirely by the Government of India and is funded through taxes with a budget of ₹7,234 crore (US$870 million) in 2022 and the program covers all residents of India, including foreign residents.

Mission Indradhanush is a health mission of the Government of India. It was launched by Union Health Minister J. P. Nadda on 25 December 2014. The scheme this seeks to drive towards 90% full immunisation coverage of India and sustain the same by year 2022. Vaccination is being provided against eight vaccine-preventable diseases nationally, i.e. Diphtheria, Whooping Cough, Tetanus, Polio, Measles, severe form of Childhood Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B and meningitis & pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenza type B; and against Rotavirus Diarrhea and Japanese Encephalitis in selected states and districts respectively.

Vaccination policy of the United States is the subset of U.S. federal health policy that deals with immunization against infectious disease. It is decided at various levels of the government, including the individual states. This policy has been developed over the approximately two centuries since the invention of vaccination with the purpose of eradicating disease from the U.S. population, or creating a herd immunity. Policies intended to encourage vaccination impact numerous areas of law, including regulation of vaccine safety, funding of vaccination programs, vaccine mandates, adverse event reporting requirements, and compensation for injuries asserted to be associated with vaccination.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Immunisation Program Schedule</span>

The Australian National Immunisation Program Schedule sets out the immunisations Australians are given at different stages in their life. The program aims to reduce the number of preventable disease cases in Australia by increasing national immunisation coverage. The program starts for an Australian when they are born. Vaccinations are given at birth, then again when the baby is 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months. The immunisation schedule continues when the child is 4 years old, and then into adolescent years. The program is not compulsory and parents have the choice if they want their child vaccinated.

References

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↑ State of the World's Vaccines and Immunizations (pdf) from the World Health Organization (2003 edition)
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Vaccine Scheduler | ECDC". vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa.eu. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
↑ "Schedule of Hong Kong Childhood Immunisation Programme". Family Health Service, Department of Health, Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
↑ "Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 Tahun 2017 Tentang Penyelanggaraan Imunisasi" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Kemenkes. 6 February 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
1 2 3 4 "予防接種法 (法令番号：昭和二十三年法律第六十八号); Immunization Act (Law number: Act No. 68 of 1948)". Japanese Law Translation (日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム). Ministry of Justice (Japan). 2016-11-07. Retrieved 2020-02-24The translated law from Japanese to English is the latest version as of February 2020, followed by 平成二十五年法律第百三号改正 (Amendment of Act No. 103 of 2013).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)^{[ permanent dead link ]}
1 2 3 4 "予防接種法施行令（昭和二十三年政令第百九十七号）第1条: 政令で定めるＡ類疾病、第1条の2: 政令で定めるＢ類疾病、第1条の3: 市町村長が予防接種を行う疾病及びその対象者" [Immunization Act Implementation Order (Law number: Order No. 197 of 1948) | Article 1: Category A diseases under the Order; Article 1-2: Category B diseases under the Order; Article 1-3: vaccine recipients and vaccination schedule under city mayors' initiatives]. e-Gov Law Database (in Japanese). Administrative Management Bureau, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. 2018-03-30. Retrieved 2020-02-24. 平成三十年政令第百六号改正、2018年4月1日施行分 (version information: Amendment of Order No. 106 of 2018)
↑ "Immunise – About the Program". Archived from the original on 2015-05-04. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
↑ "National Immunisation Program Schedule". 1 April 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
↑ "Nationales Impfgremium". Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection (in German). Retrieved 1 August 2021.
↑ "Impfung: Kinder ab 14 können selbst entscheiden" [Vaccination: Children can decide for themselves at 14]. Kurier (in German). 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
↑ "CALENDÁRIO NACIONAL DE VACINAÇÃO - 2019" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-09-07.
1 2 3 4 "Immunization schedule tool". Public Health Agency of Canada. Retrieved 2015-02-01.
↑ "Protocole d'immunisation du Québec (PIQ) / Calendrier régulier de vaccination". Gouvernement du Québec, 2019. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
↑ "Les garçons désormais vaccinés contre le VPH au Québec". ICI Quebec / Radio-Canada, 1 Sept. 2016. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
↑ "Vaccine Scheduler| ECDC". vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa.eu. Retrieved 2019-11-07.
↑ "Rokotusohjelman historia – Rokottaminen – THL". Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (in Finnish). Retrieved 2019-11-07.
1 2 3 4 "Pneumokokkikonjugaattirokote eli PCV-rokote – Rokottaminen – THL". Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (in Finnish). Retrieved 2019-11-14.
↑ "THL – HPV, or human papillomavirus vaccine". thl.fi. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
↑ "Vaccinating boys against HPV (human papillomavirus) has started - Press release - THL". Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
↑ Vashishtha, Vipin M.; Choudhury, Panna; Kalra, Ajay; Bose, Anuradha; Thacker, Naveen; Yewale, Vijay N.; Bansal, C. P.; Mehta, Pravin J.; Indian Academy of Pediatrics (October 2014). "Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) recommended immunization schedule for children aged 0 through 18 years – India, 2014 and updates on immunization". Indian Pediatrics. 51 (10): 785–800. doi: 10.1007/s13312-014-0504-y . ISSN 0974-7559. PMID 25362009. S2CID 40329033.
1 2 "Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP)". www.iapindia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-21.
↑ "予防接種とは？" [What is vaccination?] (in Japanese). 公益社団法人東京医師会 (Tokyo Medical Association, a public interest incorporated association). Retrieved 2020-02-10.
↑ "日本のワクチン政策の変遷" [History of vaccination policy in Japan](PDF). The Value of VACCINE (in Japanese) (改訂版 (revised version)). Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA): 14–19. 2014.
1 2 "予防接種を受けるときの注意" [Legal notice for vaccination] (in Japanese). 東京都中野区 (Nakano City Hall, Tokyo). 2019-11-06. Retrieved 2020-02-27.
1 2 "定期の予防接種における対象者の解釈について（事務連絡）" [Legal age counting system for the routine vaccination (operational notice)](PDF) (in Japanese). 厚生労働省健康局結核感染症課 (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare). 2014-03-11. Retrieved 2020-02-27.
1 2 "Q 4月1日生まれの児童生徒の学年についてどうなるのでしょうか。" [Q: In which academic year is a schoolchild born on April 1?] (in Japanese). 文部科学省 (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology). Retrieved 2020-03-01.
↑ "New Zealand Immunisation Schedule". Ministry of Health (New Zealand). Retrieved 27 May 2020.
↑ "Appendix 1: The history of immunisation in New Zealand". Ministry of Health NZ. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
↑ "Immunization in Nigeria". Archived from the original on 2018-10-29. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
1 2 3 4 5 "NHS vaccinations and when to have them". nhs.uk. 2019-07-31. Retrieved 2020-12-19.
↑ "Immunisation – FAQs – Will I need more boosters in the future?". Archived from the original on January 14, 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
↑ "Immunisation – FAQs – How often will I need this vaccine?". Archived from the original on 2008-11-12. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
↑ "Immunisation – Having the vaccination – Who is the vaccine for?". Archived from the original on February 18, 2009. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
↑ "Whooping cough vaccination in pregnancy". nhs.uk. 2020-12-03. Retrieved 2020-12-19.
↑ "Vaccine Information Statements: Instructions" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-05-05.
↑ "Recommended Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule for ages 18 years or younger – United States, 2020" (PDF). CDC. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
↑ "Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule for ages 19 years or older – United States, 2020" (PDF). CDC. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
↑ "Pregnancy and Vaccination | Vaccines for Pregnant Women | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2017-07-20. Retrieved 2018-02-28. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
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↑ "Update on Immunization and Pregnancy Tetanus Diphtheria and Pertussis Vaccination – ACOG". www.acog.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
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External links

International
- UN World Health Organization. "Reported immunization schedule by regions/countries/antigens". World Health Organization. Archived from the original (CFM) on August 2, 2003. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
- UN World Health Organization: "Immunization schedules by antigens". apps.who.int.
Europe
- Vaccine schedules in all countries of the European Union, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
- United Kingdom
  - UK National Health Service. "The UK immunisation schedule". National Health Service . Retrieved 2006-11-03.
USA
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. "CDC National Immunization Program". (U.S.) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Retrieved 2008-06-14.
- CDC 2013 Recommended Immunizations for Children from Birth Through 6 Years Old

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[14] Category B (i.e. not even recommended but for a personal care only) for the elderly. The public insurance partially covers the vaccination cost.

[location-19] 1 2 3 Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, South Australia

[catch-up-20] 1 2 3 4 5 All people aged less than 20 years are eligible for free catch up vaccines.

[29] For specific at risk-groups only (to be given at the earliest age))

[30] Thereafter Td booster every 10 years with or without vaccination against poliomyelitis (IPV) in case of travel to endemic areas and when previous IPV dose was given more than 5 years before

[32] Recommended but not free of charge for those over 65 years.

[33] Vaccination can be given from 6 months of age in case of travel abroad. If vaccination starts before 12 months of age, 2 doses are recommended (14–18 months and 6 years) The temporary recommendation of giving measles at 12 months of age was made a permanent recommendation; ie. now MMR should be given from 12–18 months except if travelling abroad to measles infected countries when it can be given from 6 months on. In case MMR is given at 6–11 months, the child needs a second and third dose to complete the series.

[34] Varicella vaccination implemented from 1 September 2017. Catch-up to all those born on 1 January 2006 or after and with no history of varicella.

[36] One or two doses administered depending on previous influenza vaccination history. Annual vaccination. IIV tri-or quadrivalent used as follows: IIV3 for all those 6–35 months. IIV4 with nonpreferential alternative to all those 24–35 months. IIV3 also recommended to medical risk group children from 36 months up.

[37] TBE vaccination for to those living permanently on the island of Åland

[MRforPreSchool-43] 1 2 Vaccines for measles and rubella (MR vaccine) can be received anytime from 5 y/o before 7 y/o, AND the time should be also between one year and one day before the first day of schooling (quote: "五歳以上七歳未満の者であって、小学校就学の始期に達する日の一年前の日から当該始期に達する日の前日までの間にあるもの".

[HPV-44] 1 2 HPV for female students only. Vaccination can be started from the first day of school year within she turns 12, and until the last day of school year within she turns 16 (quote: "十二歳となる日の属する年度の初日から十六歳となる日の属する年度の末日までの間にある女子").

[wDiseases-45] Age 60–64 with certain diseases: heart, kidney or respitory failures, or with an immune-related disorder due to HIV infection.

[MRforPreSchool-49] 1 2 Vaccines for measles and rubella (MR vaccine) can be received anytime from 5 y/o before 7 y/o, AND the time should be also between one year and one day before the first day of schooling (quote: "五歳以上七歳未満の者であって、小学校就学の始期に達する日の一年前の日から当該始期に達する日の前日までの間にあるもの".

[HPV-50] 1 2 HPV for female students only. Vaccination can be started from the first day of school year within she turns 12, and until the last day of school year within she turns 16 (quote: "十二歳となる日の属する年度の初日から十六歳となる日の属する年度の末日までの間にある女子").

[SameSchoolAge-51] 1 2 3 Starts elementary schooling from April 1, 2026

[LeapYear-52] 1 2 2020 is a leap year. Person B socially turns 2 months old on March 1, 2004. In the legal term, however, Person B's 2-month birthday is the day before March 1, 2004. Thus, It shall be February 29, 2004. There are no February 30 or 31 in 2020. As a result Person A and Person B have the same 2-month birthday.

[DiffSchoolAge-53] Starts elementary schooling from April 1, 2027

[55] Only if the person has not previously received the varicella vaccine or had a varicella infection

[MoreInfoCDC-66] CDC provides more detailed information in catch-up immunizations.

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[5] Update on Yellow Fever in the Americas, http://www.paho.org/english/SHA/be_v21n2-yellowfever.htm, the Epidemiological Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 2, June 2000, Pan American Health Organization, accessed July 18, 2007

[WHO2-6] State of the World's Vaccines and Immunizations (pdf) from the World Health Organization (2003 edition)

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[12] "Schedule of Hong Kong Childhood Immunisation Programme". Family Health Service, Department of Health, Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Retrieved 2020-12-12.

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[JapanAct-Trans-15] 1 2 3 4 "予防接種法 (法令番号：昭和二十三年法律第六十八号); Immunization Act (Law number: Act No. 68 of 1948)". Japanese Law Translation (日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム). Ministry of Justice (Japan). 2016-11-07. Retrieved 2020-02-24The translated law from Japanese to English is the latest version as of February 2020, followed by 平成二十五年法律第百三号改正 (Amendment of Act No. 103 of 2013).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)^{[ permanent dead link ]}

[eGov-OrderArt1-16] 1 2 3 4 "予防接種法施行令（昭和二十三年政令第百九十七号）第1条: 政令で定めるＡ類疾病、第1条の2: 政令で定めるＢ類疾病、第1条の3: 市町村長が予防接種を行う疾病及びその対象者" [Immunization Act Implementation Order (Law number: Order No. 197 of 1948) | Article 1: Category A diseases under the Order; Article 1-2: Category B diseases under the Order; Article 1-3: vaccine recipients and vaccination schedule under city mayors' initiatives]. e-Gov Law Database (in Japanese). Administrative Management Bureau, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. 2018-03-30. Retrieved 2020-02-24. 平成三十年政令第百六号改正、2018年4月1日施行分 (version information: Amendment of Order No. 106 of 2018)

[17] "Immunise – About the Program". Archived from the original on 2015-05-04. Retrieved 2010-05-05.

[18] "National Immunisation Program Schedule". 1 April 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2020.

[21] "Nationales Impfgremium". Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection (in German). Retrieved 1 August 2021.

[22] "Impfung: Kinder ab 14 können selbst entscheiden" [Vaccination: Children can decide for themselves at 14]. Kurier (in German). 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.

[Brazil-23] "CALENDÁRIO NACIONAL DE VACINAÇÃO - 2019" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-09-07.

[Canada-24] 1 2 3 4 "Immunization schedule tool". Public Health Agency of Canada. Retrieved 2015-02-01.

[Quebec-25] "Protocole d'immunisation du Québec (PIQ) / Calendrier régulier de vaccination". Gouvernement du Québec, 2019. Retrieved 2019-03-12.

[RC-26] "Les garçons désormais vaccinés contre le VPH au Québec". ICI Quebec / Radio-Canada, 1 Sept. 2016. Retrieved 2019-03-12.

[27] "Vaccine Scheduler| ECDC". vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa.eu. Retrieved 2019-11-07.

[28] "Rokotusohjelman historia – Rokottaminen – THL". Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (in Finnish). Retrieved 2019-11-07.

[:1-31] 1 2 3 4 "Pneumokokkikonjugaattirokote eli PCV-rokote – Rokottaminen – THL". Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (in Finnish). Retrieved 2019-11-14.

[35] "THL – HPV, or human papillomavirus vaccine". thl.fi. Retrieved 2021-12-03.

[38] "Vaccinating boys against HPV (human papillomavirus) has started - Press release - THL". Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland. Retrieved 3 December 2021.

[39] Vashishtha, Vipin M.; Choudhury, Panna; Kalra, Ajay; Bose, Anuradha; Thacker, Naveen; Yewale, Vijay N.; Bansal, C. P.; Mehta, Pravin J.; Indian Academy of Pediatrics (October 2014). "Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) recommended immunization schedule for children aged 0 through 18 years – India, 2014 and updates on immunization". Indian Pediatrics. 51 (10): 785–800. doi: 10.1007/s13312-014-0504-y . ISSN 0974-7559. PMID 25362009. S2CID 40329033.

[:0-40] 1 2 "Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP)". www.iapindia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-21.

[TokyoMed-41] "予防接種とは？" [What is vaccination?] (in Japanese). 公益社団法人東京医師会 (Tokyo Medical Association, a public interest incorporated association). Retrieved 2020-02-10.

[PhRMA-42] "日本のワクチン政策の変遷" [History of vaccination policy in Japan](PDF). The Value of VACCINE (in Japanese) (改訂版 (revised version)). Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA): 14–19. 2014.

[Age-NakanoCity-46] 1 2 "予防接種を受けるときの注意" [Legal notice for vaccination] (in Japanese). 東京都中野区 (Nakano City Hall, Tokyo). 2019-11-06. Retrieved 2020-02-27.

[Age-MHLW-47] 1 2 "定期の予防接種における対象者の解釈について（事務連絡）" [Legal age counting system for the routine vaccination (operational notice)](PDF) (in Japanese). 厚生労働省健康局結核感染症課 (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare). 2014-03-11. Retrieved 2020-02-27.

[SchoolYear-MEXT-48] 1 2 "Q 4月1日生まれの児童生徒の学年についてどうなるのでしょうか。" [Q: In which academic year is a schoolchild born on April 1?] (in Japanese). 文部科学省 (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology). Retrieved 2020-03-01.

[54] "New Zealand Immunisation Schedule". Ministry of Health (New Zealand). Retrieved 27 May 2020.

[56] "Appendix 1: The history of immunisation in New Zealand". Ministry of Health NZ. Retrieved 2021-03-18.

[Nigerian_Immunization_Schedule-57] "Immunization in Nigeria". Archived from the original on 2018-10-29. Retrieved 2018-10-28.

[:2-58] 1 2 3 4 5 "NHS vaccinations and when to have them". nhs.uk. 2019-07-31. Retrieved 2020-12-19.

[59] "Immunisation – FAQs – Will I need more boosters in the future?". Archived from the original on January 14, 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-05.

[60] "Immunisation – FAQs – How often will I need this vaccine?". Archived from the original on 2008-11-12. Retrieved 2010-05-05.

[61] "Immunisation – Having the vaccination – Who is the vaccine for?". Archived from the original on February 18, 2009. Retrieved 2010-05-05.

[62] "Whooping cough vaccination in pregnancy". nhs.uk. 2020-12-03. Retrieved 2020-12-19.

[63] "Vaccine Information Statements: Instructions" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-05-05.

[child-64] "Recommended Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule for ages 18 years or younger – United States, 2020" (PDF). CDC. Retrieved 2014-02-08.

[adult-65] "Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule for ages 19 years or older – United States, 2020" (PDF). CDC. Retrieved 28 May 2020.

[67] "Pregnancy and Vaccination | Vaccines for Pregnant Women | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2017-07-20. Retrieved 2018-02-28. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .

[68] "Get the Whooping Cough Vaccine While You Are Pregnant". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2018-02-28.

[69] "Update on Immunization and Pregnancy Tetanus Diphtheria and Pertussis Vaccination – ACOG". www.acog.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.

[70] "Immunization in Pregnancy and Postpartum" (PDF). May 2014.

[UKvaccines-71] "Immunisation schedule". National Health Service. Retrieved 2013-03-22.

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