Vaccinium ovalifolium

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Vaccinium ovalifolium
Vaccinium ovalifolium 9618.JPG
Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest, Washington
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Ericaceae
Genus: Vaccinium
Section: Vaccinium sect. Myrtillus
Species:
V. ovalifolium
Binomial name
Vaccinium ovalifolium
Sm.
Varieties [2] [3] [4] [5]
Synonyms [2] [3] [4]
Synonymy
  • V. alaskaense Howell
  • V. axillare Nakai
  • V. chamissonis Bong.
  • V. c. var. alpinumTatew.[≡V. o. var. alpinum]
  • V. o. var. coriaceum Boiss. [≡V. o. var. ovalifolium]

Vaccinium ovalifolium (commonly known as Alaska blueberry, early blueberry, oval-leaf bilberry, oval-leaf blueberry, and oval-leaf huckleberry) [2] is a plant in the heath family with three varieties, all of which grow in northerly regions (e.g. the subarctic). [2]

Contents

Description

Older bark is greyish, but twigs are brown, yellow or reddish. Vaccinium ovalifolium 6887.JPG
Older bark is greyish, but twigs are brown, yellow or reddish.

V. ovalifolium is a spreading shrub which may grow to 2 metres (6+12 ft) tall. The leaves are 2.5–3.5 centimetres (1–1+12 in) long, green on top and pale below. [6] It has pink, 0.64 cm (14 in), urn-shaped flowers. Berries are dark blue, often black, .5–1 cm (1438 in) across, [6] sometimes with a waxy coating. [7] [8]

Cytology is 2n = 24, 72. [9]

Distribution

The original variety (i.e. the automatically named V. o. var. ovalifolium) is found on both the eastern and western sides of the Pacific Ocean. In North America, it is distributed throughout Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, southern Ontario, southeast Quebec, and southern Yukon) and the United States (southern Alaska, Idaho, northern Michigan, Oregon, western South Dakota, and Washington). [2] [10] In Asia, it is distributed throughout Russia (Kamchatka, the southern Kuril Islands, Primorsky Krai, and Sakhalin) and Japan (Hokkaido and central and northern Honshu). [2]

The two other varieties are confined to Japan and Russia:

Ecology

In the winter, V. ovalifolium is an important food source for grazing deer, goats, and elk, and in the summer the nectar feeds hummingbirds. [7]

Uses

V. ovalifolium is used in jams and jellies and for making liqueur. Blueberry herbal tea can be made from the leaves, or from the juice of the blueberries themselves, [7] which are edible. [6]

V. ovalifolium has been used in Russia in the making of dyes, including the use of its tannin. [2]

Related Research Articles

<i>Vaccinium</i> Genus of berry-producing shrubs in the heath family

Vaccinium is a common and widespread genus of shrubs or dwarf shrubs in the heath family (Ericaceae). The fruits of many species are eaten by humans and some are of commercial importance, including the cranberry, blueberry, bilberry (whortleberry), lingonberry (cowberry), and huckleberry. Like many other heath plants, they are restricted to acidic soils.

<i>Vaccinium vitis-idaea</i> Species of shrub with edible fruit

Vaccinium vitis-idaea is a small evergreen shrub in the heath family, Ericaceae. It is known colloquially as the lingonberry, partridgeberry, foxberry, mountain cranberry, or cowberry. It is native to boreal forest and Arctic tundra throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Commercially cultivated in the United States Pacific Northwest and the Netherlands, the edible berries are also picked in the wild and used in various dishes, especially in Nordic cuisine.

<i>Vaccinium virgatum</i> Berry and plant

Vaccinium virgatum is a species of blueberry native to the Southeastern United States, from North Carolina south to Florida and west to Texas.

<i>Amelanchier alnifolia</i> Species of tree

Amelanchier alnifolia, the saskatoon berry, Pacific serviceberry, western serviceberry, western shadbush, or western juneberry, is a shrub native to North America. It is a member of the rose family, and bears an edible berry-like fruit.

<i>Vaccinium angustifolium</i> Berry and plant

Vaccinium angustifolium, commonly known as the wild lowbush blueberry, is a species of blueberry native to eastern and central Canada and the northeastern United States. It is the most common commercially used wild blueberry and is considered the "low sweet" berry.

<i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> Species of plant

Vaccinium corymbosum, the northern highbush blueberry, is a North American species of blueberry. Other common names include blue huckleberry, tall huckleberry, swamp huckleberry, high blueberry, and swamp blueberry.

<i>Vaccinium myrtilloides</i> Berry and plant

Vaccinium myrtilloides is a North American shrub with common names including common blueberry, velvetleaf huckleberry, velvetleaf blueberry, Canadian blueberry, and sourtop blueberry.

<i>Vaccinium darrowii</i> Berry and plant

Vaccinium darrowii, with the common names Darrow's blueberry, evergreen blueberry, scrub blueberry, is a species of Vaccinium in the blueberry group.

<i>Vaccinium elliottii</i> Berry and plant

Vaccinium elliottii is a species of Vaccinium in the blueberry group. It is native to the southeastern and south-central United States.

<i>Vaccinium parvifolium</i> Berry and plant

Vaccinium parvifolium, the red huckleberry, is a species of Vaccinium native to western North America.

<i>Vaccinium arboreum</i> Species of fruit and plant

Vaccinium arboreum is a species of Vaccinium native to the southeastern and south-central United States.

<i>Vaccinium uliginosum</i> Berry and plant

Vaccinium uliginosum is a Eurasian and North American flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae.

<i>Vaccinium crassifolium</i> Berry and plant

Vaccinium crassifolium, the creeping blueberry, is a species of Vaccinium in the heath family. It is native to a portion of the Southeastern United States.

<i>Lonicera involucrata</i> Species of honeysuckle

Lonicera involucrata, the bearberry honeysuckle, bracted honeysuckle, twinberry honeysuckle, Californian Honeysuckle, twin-berry, or black twinberry, is a species of honeysuckle native to northern and western North America.

<i>Vaccinium stamineum</i> Species of flowering plant

Vaccinium stamineum, commonly known as deerberry, tall deerberry, highbush huckleberry, buckberry, and southern gooseberry, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family. It is native to North America, including Ontario, the eastern and central United States, and parts of Mexico. It is most common in the southeastern United States.

<i>Vaccinium membranaceum</i> Species of plant

Vaccinium membranaceum is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae, known by the common names thinleaf huckleberry, tall huckleberry, big huckleberry, mountain huckleberry, square-twig blueberry, and ambiguously as "black huckleberry".

<i>Vaccinium myrsinites</i> Berry and plant

Vaccinium myrsinites is a species of flowering plant in the heath family known by the common name shiny blueberry. It is native to the southeastern United States from Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina and Florida. It may occur as far west as Louisiana.

<i>Vaccinium pallidum</i> Berry and plant

Vaccinium pallidum is a species of flowering plant in the heath family known by the common names hillside blueberry, Blue Ridge blueberry, late lowbush blueberry, and early lowbush blueberry. It is native to central Canada and the central and eastern United States.

<i>Vaccinium arctostaphylos</i> Species of shrub

Vaccinium arctostaphylos or Caucasian whortleberry is a species of shrub with edible fruit of blue color. It is native to Western Asia, the Caucasus, and Southeastern Europe (Bulgaria). Cytology is 2n = 48.

<i>Vaccinium fuscatum</i> Berry and plant

Vaccinium fuscatum, the black highbush blueberry, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family (Ericaceae). It is native to North America, where it is found in Ontario, Canada and the eastern United States. Its typical natural habitat is wet areas such as bogs, pocosins, and swamps.

References

  1. "Vaccinium ovalifolium | NatureServe Explorer". NatureServe . 2016-05-13. Archived from the original on 2023-05-23. Retrieved 2023-05-23.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Vaccinium ovalifolium". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2012-11-10.
  3. 1 2 3 "Vaccinium ovalifolium var. alpinum". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2012-11-10.
  4. 1 2 "Vaccinium ovalifolium var. ovalifolium". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2012-11-10.
  5. 1 2 "Vaccinium ovalifolium var. sachalinense". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2012-11-10.
  6. 1 2 3 Turner, Mark; Kuhlmann, Ellen (2014). Trees & Shrubs of the Pacific Northwest (1st ed.). Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 177, 181. ISBN   978-1-60469-263-1.
  7. 1 2 3 Ewing, Susan (1996). The Great Alaska Nature Factbook. Portland, Oregon: Alaska Northwest Books. ISBN   0-88240-454-7.
  8. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). "Vaccinium ovalifolium". Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  9. Redpath, Lauren E.; Aryal, Rishi; Lynch, Nathan; Spencer, Jessica A.; Hulse-Kemp, Amanda M.; Ballington, James R.; Green, Jaimie; Bassil, Nahla; Hummer, Kim; Ranney, Thomas; Ashrafi, Hamid (2022). "Nuclear DNA contents and ploidy levels of North American Vaccinium species and interspecific hybrids". Scientia Horticulturae. 297. Elsevier BV: 110955. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2022.110955 . ISSN   0304-4238.
  10. "Vaccinium ovalifolium" (PNG). The Biota of North America Program (Distribution map). 2014. Archived from the original on 2015-07-24.