| Vasantgarh hoard | |
|---|---|
| Year | 6th century - 11th century |
| Medium | Bronze |
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| Jainism |
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In 1956, [1] 240 Jain bronze idols were discovered dating back to early medieval to medieval period. The Vasantgarh hoard, thus named after the place of discovery, Vasantgarh is located in the Sirohi District of Rajasthan, India.
In 1956, [1] 240 bronze idols were discovered dating back to early medieval to medieval period. [2] The vast number of idols found in Vasantgarh is the evidence of strong foothold Jainism had a in the area. [3] Vasantgarh hoard along with Akota bronzes and devni-mori (Idar) are important bronze hoards found in Gujarat and Kathiawar province. [4]
The Akota and Vasantgarh were predominately influenced by Gupta and Gandhara style. It is indicated by the idols that it is influenced by more styles like styles during reign of Harsha and maitraka of Valabhi. [5] Idols of this hoard show images of tirthankar, sashandevatas (yaksha and yakshi) and Jain deities in Shwetambar iconography. [6] [7] The images found in this hoard is small in size and were cast by the cire-perdue (lost-wax casting) process, and the eyes and ornaments are frequently inlaid with silver and gold. [8]
The idol of Goddess Saraswati along with an ornate crown standing on a lotus pedestal with a lotus stem in one hand and manuscript in the other. This idol found in the hoard resembling the iconography of Saraswati found akota bronzes. The idol has now been placed inside Mahavir temple of Pindwara and worshipped as Chakreshvari. [9] Two beautiful idol of Rishabhanatha dating back to 6th and 7th century AD. [10] A sat-tirthika, dates to 998 AD, bronze image of parshvanatha with sarvanha and ambika devi. [11] The chaturvimsatipatta of adinatha and tritirthi Parshvanatha built-in Vasantgarh style dating back to 1066 and 1078 respectively are noteworthy. [12]
The Śvētāmbara is one of the two main branches of Jainism, the other being the Digambara. Śvētāmbara means "white-clad", and refers to its ascetics' practice of wearing white clothes, which sets it apart from the Digambara "sky-clad" Jains, whose ascetic practitioners go nude. Śvētāmbaras, unlike Digambaras, do not believe that ascetics must practice nudity.
The Dilwara Temples or Delvada Temples are a group of Śvētāmbara Jain temples located about 2+1⁄2 kilometres from the Mount Abu settlement in Sirohi District, Rajasthan's only hill station. The earliest were built by Bhima-1 and supposedly designed or at least financed by Vastupala, Jain minister of Dholka. They date between the 11th and 16th centuries, forming some of the most famous monuments in the style of Māru-Gurjara architecture, famous for their use of a very pure white marble and intricate marble carvings. They are managed by Seth Shri Kalyanji Anandji Pedhi, Sirohi and are a pilgrimage place for Jains, and a significant general tourist attraction. Although Jains built many temples at other places in Rajasthan, the Dilwara temples are believed to be the most impressive.
Padmāvatī is the protective goddess or śāsana devī (शासनदेवी) of Pārśvanātha, the twenty-third Jain tīrthāṅkara, complimenting Parshwa yaksha in Swetambara and Dharanendra in digambar the shasan deva. She is a yakshi of Parshwanatha.
This was the first known bronze hoard discovered in the Gangetic valley and consists of a set of 18 Jain bronzes. The Chausa hoard, thus named after the place of discovery: Chausa or Chausagarh is located in the Buxar district of Bihar state, India.
Neminatha, also known as Nemi and Arishtanemi, is the twenty-second tirthankara (ford-maker) in Jainism. Along with Mahavira, Parshvanatha and Rishabhanatha, Neminatha is one of the twenty four tirthankaras who attract the most devotional worship among the Jains.
In Jainism, Ambika or Ambika Devi is the Yakṣi "dedicated attendant deity" or Śāsana Devī "protector goddess" of the 22nd Tirthankara, Neminatha. She is also known as Ambai, Amba, Kushmandini and Amra Kushmandini. She is often shown with one or more children and often under a tree. She is frequently represented as a pair with a small Tirthankar image on the top. The name ambika literally means mother, hence she is Mother Goddess. The name is also a common epithet of Hindu Goddess Parvati.
Varanga is a village in Karkala Taluk in Udupi district of Karnataka, India. It has a population of 4,011 according to 2011 census. This village is an important Jain center.
Tirumalai (lit. "the holy mountain"; also later Arhasugiri, lit. "the excellent mountain of the Arha[t]"; Tamil Engunavirai-Tirumalai, lit. "the holy mountain of the Arhar" is a Jain temple and cave complex dating from at least the 9th century that is located northwest of Polur in Tamil Nadu, southeast India. The complex includes 3 Jain caves, 2 Jain temples and a 16.25-foot-high sculpture of Tirthankara Neminatha thought to date from the 12th century that is the tallest Jain image in Tamil Nadu. Arahanthgiri Jain Math is also present near Tirumalai complex.
Jain sculptures or Jain idols are the images depicting Tirthankaras. These images are worshiped by the followers of Jainism. The sculpture can depict any of the twenty-fourtirthankaras with images depicting Parshvanatha, Rishabhanatha, or Mahāvīra being more popular. Jain sculptures are an example of Jain art. There is a long history of construction of Jain sculptures. Early examples include Lohanipur Torsos which has been regarded to be from the Maurya period, and images from the Kushan period from Mathura.
Jain art refers to religious works of art associated with Jainism. Even though Jainism has spread only in some parts of India, it has made a significant contribution to Indian art and architecture.
The Akota Bronzes represent a rare and important set of 68 Jain images, dating to between the 6th and 12th centuries AD, which were found in the vicinity of Akota near Baroda in the Indian state of Gujarat. It includes rare Gupta period bronzes that have been widely used for comparison of Gupta period art.
Jivantasvami images represent the Jain Tirthankara Mahavira as a prince, with a crown and ornaments. The Jina is represented as standing in the kayotsarga pose. Jivantasvami images have been used only in the Shvetambara Jain tradition, they are unknown in the Digambara tradition.
The Aluara Bronzes or Aluara Hoard represent a rare and important set of Jain images found in Aluara near Dhanbad region of Bihar, in Eastern India.
In Jain cosmology, Gomukha is the guardian god or Yaksha of Rishabhanatha, the first Tirthankara.
Panchasara Parshwanath temple is a Jain temple located in Patan, Gujarat. The temple was constructed in 8th century during the reign of Vanaraja Chavda of Chavda dynasty.
The Kumbharia Jain temples is a group of five Jain temples in the Kumbhariya, Banaskantha district in Gujarat, India. Constructed from 1062 to 1231 CE during the reign of the Chaulukya dynasty, they are noted for their elaborate architecture.
Subai Jain temples is a group of Jain temple in Subai village of Koraput district, Odisha.
The Ahichchhatra Jain temples is a group of Jain temples in Ahichchhatra village in Aonla tehsil of Bareilly district in Uttar Pradesh, North India. Ahichchhatra is believed to be the place where Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankar of Jainism, attained Kevala Jnana.
The Pārśvanātha āyāgapaṭa, is a large stone slab discovered in Kankali which has an image of Parshvanatha, dating back to reign Sodasa, of Indo-Scythian Northern Satrap, the ruler Sodasa in Mathura. The tablet in the State Museum Lucknow. It is an important example of Mathura art.
Danavulapadu Jain temple is an ancient Jain center located in Danavulapadu village of Kadapa district in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
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