The Induan is the first age of the Early Triassic epoch in the geologic timescale, or the lowest stage of the Lower Triassic series in chronostratigraphy. It spans the time between 251.9 Ma and 251.2 Ma. The Induan is sometimes divided into the Griesbachian and the Dienerian subages or substages. The Induan is preceded by the Changhsingian and is followed by the Olenekian.
Trematosauroidea are an important group of Triassic temnospondyl amphibians. They flourished briefly during the Early Triassic, occurring worldwide before declining at the start of the Middle Triassic, although the group continued until the Late Triassic. They were medium-sized temnospondyls with wedge-shaped tails, narrow skulls, and, in advanced forms, elongated snouts. The latter feature was probably an adaptation for feeding on fish. The largest and most specialized family, the Trematosauridae, are the only batrachomorphs to have adapted to a marine lifestyle with the exception of the modern crab-eating frog.
Triadobatrachus is an extinct genus of salientian frog-like amphibians, including only one known species, Triadobatrachus massinoti. It is the oldest member of the frog lineage known, and an excellent example of a transitional fossil. It lived during the Early Triassic about 250 million years ago, in what is now Madagascar.
Claudiosaurus is an extinct genus of diapsid reptiles from the Permian Sakamena Formation of the Morondava Basin, Madagascar. The pattern of the vertebrae, girdle, and limbs indicates that Claudiosaurus and Thadeosaurus share a common ancestor.
Thadeosaurus is an extinct genus of diapsid reptile belonging to the family Younginidae. Fossils have been found in the Lower Sakamena Formation of the Morondava Basin, Madagascar in 1981, and date to the late Permian to the early Triassic period.
Hovasaurus is an extinct genus of basal diapsid reptile. It lived in what is now Madagascar during the Late Permian and Early Triassic, being a survivor of the Permian–Triassic extinction event and the paleontologically youngest member of the Tangasauridae. Fossils have been found in the Permian Lower and Triassic Middle Sakamena Formations of the Sakamena Group, where it is amongst the commonest fossils. Its morphology suggests an aquatic ecology.
Aphaneramma is an extinct genus of marine temnospondyl amphibian. It lived during the Early Triassic epoch approximately 240 million years ago. Fossils have been found in the Mianwali Formation of Pakistan, Madagascar, the Zhitkov Formation of Russia, and the Kongressfjellet Formation of Svalbard (Norway).
Piveteauia is an extinct genus of prehistoric coelacanth fish which lived during the Lower Triassic period. The type specimen was discovered in the Middle Sakamena Group in northwestern Madagascar by French paleoichthyologist Jean-Pierre Lehman. The genus is named after Jean Piveteau.
Trematosauridae are a family of large marine temnospondyl amphibians with many members. They first appeared during the Induan age of the Early Triassic, and existed until around the Carnian stage of the Late Triassic, although by then they were very rare. By the Middle Triassic they had become widespread throughout Laurasia and Gondwana with fossils being found in Europe, Asia, Madagascar, and Australia. A possible trematosaurid has been found in the Toutunhe Formation in the Junggar Basin. If this analysis is accurate, it renders Trematosauridae one of the longest lived lineages of Temnospondyli, having lasted as recently as the late Jurassic.
Trematosaurinae is a subfamily of temnospondyl amphibians within the family Trematosauridae. Like all trematosaurids, they were marine piscivores, resembling crocodiles in their general build. Unlike the long, almost gharial-like snouts of the Lonchorhynchinae, the Trematosaurinae had more "normal" crocodile-like skulls.
Lonchorhynchinae is a subfamily of temnospondyl amphibians within the family Trematosauridae.
Almasaurus is an extinct genus of trematosaurian temnospondyl within the family Latiscopidae. It is known from several skulls and some postcranial material found from the Argana Formation in Morocco, which dates back to the Late Triassic.
Lyrocephaliscus is an extinct genus of trematosaurian temnospondyl within the family Trematosauridae.
Mahavisaurus is an extinct genus of rhytidosteid temnospondyl from the early Triassic period of Iraro, Madagascar. It is known from the holotype MNHN MAE 3037, a nearly complete skull, recovered from the Middle Sakamena Formation. This genus was named by J. P. Lehman in 1966, and the type species is Mahavisaurus dentatus.
Platystega is an extinct genus of trematosaurian temnospondyl within the family Trematosauridae.
Trematosuchus is an extinct genus of trematosaurian temnospondyl within the family Trematosauridae from South Africa. The type species was first named by Haughton in 1915 as Trematosaurus sobeyi. It was assigned to its own genus, Trematosuchus, by D.M.S. Watson in 1919.
Watsonulus is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish that lived during the Early Triassic epoch in what is now Madagascar. It may have also existed in what is now Himachal Pradesh, India, during the Induan age. The type species, described by Jean Piveteau, is Watsonia eugnathoides. Because "Watsonia" was preoccupied, the new genus name Watsonulus was later erected. The genus is named after David Meredith Seares Watson.
Sakamenichthys is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Early Triassic epoch in what is now Madagascar. Fossils were recovered from beds of the Middle Sakamena Formation of the Beroroha basin in the southern part of the island.
Owenettidae is an extinct family of procolophonian parareptiles. Fossils have been found primarily from Africa and Madagascar, with one genus present from South America. It is the sister taxon to the family Procolophonidae.
Barasaurus is an extinct genus of owenettid procolophonoid parareptile known from the late Late Permian and early Early Triassic of Madagascar. It contains a single species, Barasaurus besairiei.
