Waterways transport in Kerala

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Waterways have always been an important mode of transport in Kerala. The total length of navigable route in Kerala was 1,900 kilometres and the navigable rivers constitute about 54 per cent of the waterways. The 41 West-flowing rivers together with the backwaters are an integrated part of the inland navigation system in Kerala. [1] In Kerala water transportation through these channels are mainly small distant passenger services, informal country boats, freight transportation to PSU's such as Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore, Kochi etc.

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The State's inland waterways pass through highly populated regions - the grand yet to completed discontinuous West Coast Canal (WCC). The majority of those inhabiting the region were engaged in traditional industries such as coir, cashew, brick-making and fishing. Any attempt to develop the inland waterways will favourably impact the well-being of these people. Also along with the Thiruvananthapuram–Kasargode Semi High Speed Rail Corridor and National Highway 66 Kanyakumari to Mumbai (Trivandrum - Kasaragod stretch in Kerala) WCC will complete a network of multimodal north south corridor across Kerala.

In pre-independence era especially transportation across Kerala was mainly through boats. Road networks in state were quite insufficient. However, later when roadways and railways started to develop the importance of waterways started to diminish. In later part of 20th century the past glory of waterways had in 18th and 19th century depleted rapidly. However, in 21st century there started to get a renewed emphasis on waterways of state. In 2005 the then President of India Shri. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam presented a 10-point development agenda aimed at making the State an economic powerhouse by 2015.In this he mentioned strongly about the potential of water ways of Kerala. [2]

Major Waterways of Kerala

Almost all the major water way systems in Kerala are part of the West Coast canal system (WCC). This canal system is a mix of backwaters, river streams and man-made canal systems. Few significant navigable stretch in this grand system (some of which are in dilapidated situation currently) are as follows,

The water ways of Kerala Kerala Waterways.jpg
The water ways of Kerala

West Coast Canal System (WCC).

WCC is the arterial inland waterway of the State, which is being developed to the standard of a National Waterway. This is a ₹2,300-crore rupees project that is intended to make the entire 633 km long water ways along Kerala coast from Kovalam (Thiruvananthapuram district) to Bekal (Kasaragod district) fully navigable and connect the three major international airports of Kerala such as Trivandrum International Airport, Cochin International Airport and Kannur International Airport through waterways by May 2020. The project was handled by Kerala Waterways and Infrastructures Ltd., the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) set up on Oct 2017 for the timely development of inland waterways. The Government of Kerala and CIAL have stakes in it. The SPV is entrusted with duties such as cross structure construction, dredging, widening and cleaning the waterways. Their first project was rejuvenation of the 18 km Akkulam - Kovalam stretch of Parvathi Puthannaar in Trivandrum awarded to them in May 2018. [8] The National Transportation Planning and Research Centre, in its techno-economic feasibility study, said 16.6 per cent of the total goods traffic by road could be diverted to the inland water transport system once WCC is completed. [9] The various stretches of WCC from South to North of Kerala are as follows,

Canals and Waterways of Alappuzha

Alappuzha is called the Venice of the East. No other town in Kerala must have relied on waterways and canals as much as Alappuzha does. The water way system in Alappuzha developed because of architect of the city Raja Kesavadas in 18th century. The major canals and waterways in Alappuzha town and adjoining areas are,

Ferry

Water transportation also exists as numerous small ferry (kadathu in local dialect) at various parts of the state mainly on rivers. This facilitate to cross from one shore to other where bridges are absent. It is cost effective and can be established even at higher reaches of river which are normally not having formal navigation facilities.

There are also big ferries that facilitate even vehicles to cross the channel. Some important ones in state are,

Boating in Dam

There are also boat services in many reservoirs in Kerala. These boat services are primarily operated for tourism purposes. There are also few places such as Amboori, Neyyar Dam where there is country boat ferry services through reservoir to connect tribal hamlets. Major reservoir boating facilities are,

Kochi Water Metro

Significance

Traffic

Kerala State Water Transport Department

The SWTD - State Water Transport Department transports about 150 lakhs of passengers per annum using wooden/steel and fibre Glass Passenger Boats. Approximately 40,000 people use their service every day. It operates vehicle carrier (Two-wheeler) boats in ferry services. The operating distance per day is 700 km approximately.

Kochi Water Metro

It is first of its kind in India. Intended to integrate with Kochi Metro and serve under Unified Metropolitan Transportation Authority of Kochi city. [24]

Freight Traffic

Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore runs barges through Champakkara Canal in Kochi to transport materials between Ambalamedu and Kochi Port. [25] There is also container movement between Kottayam Inland Port and International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi. [26]

Tourism

Numerous Tourist Boats and Kettuvallam (Houseboats) of Kerala are found near Kollam, Alappuzha, Kumarakom, Kochi and Valiyaparamba in North Malabar. Alumkadavu near Karunagappalli is a major center of luxury house boat manufacturing in Kerala. [27] There are boat services done in many reservoirs in Kerala for tourists. [28]

Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation has a mini cruise ship named Nefereti which conduct tourist service from Kerala backwaters to open seas at Kochi. [29]

Major Accidents

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alappuzha district</span> District in Kerala, India

Alappuzha district, is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. It was formed as Alleppey district on 17 August 1957, the name of the district being changed to Alappuzha in 1990. Alappuzha is the smallest district of Kerala. Alleppey town, the district headquarters, was renamed Alappuzha in 2012, even though the anglicised name is still commonly used to describe the town as well as the district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kerala backwaters</span> Lagoon network in India

The Kerala backwaters are a network of brackish lagoons and canals lying parallel to the Arabian Sea of the Malabar coast of Kerala state in south-western India. It also includes interconnected lakes, rivers, and inlets, a labyrinthine system formed by more than 900 km (560 mi) of waterways, and sometimes compared to bayous. The network includes five large lakes linked by canals, both man made and natural, fed by 38 rivers, and extending virtually half the length of Kerala state. The backwaters were formed by the action of waves and shore currents creating low barrier islands across the mouths of the many rivers flowing down from the Western Ghats range. In the midst of this landscape there are a number of towns and cities, which serve as the starting and end points of backwater cruises. There are 34 backwaters in Kerala. Out of it, 27 are located either closer to Arabian Sea or parallel to the sea. The remaining 7 are inland navigation routes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vembanad</span> Lake in Kerala, India

Vembanad is the longest lake in India, as well as the largest in the state of Kerala. The lake has an area of 230 square kilometers and a maximum length of 96.5 km. Spanning several districts in the state of Kerala, it is known as Vembanadu Lake in Kottayam, Vaikom, Changanassery, Punnamada Lake in Alappuzha, Punnappra, Kuttanadu and Kochi Lake in Kochi. Several groups of small islands including Vypin, Mulavukad, Maradu, Udayamperoor, Vallarpadam, and Willingdon Island are located in the Kochi Lake portion. Kochi Port is built around the Willingdon Island and the Vallarpadam island.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ashtamudi Lake</span> Lake in India (Gateway to the backwaters)

Ashtamudi Lake, in the Kollam District of the Indian state of Kerala. It possesses a unique wetland ecosystem and a large palm-shaped water body, second only in size to the Vembanad estuary ecosystem of the state. Ashtamudi means 'eight hills or peaks' in the local Malayalam language. The name is indicative of the lake's topography with its multiple branches. The lake is also called the gateway to the backwaters of Kerala and is well known for its houseboat and backwater resorts. Ashtamudi Wetland was included in the list of wetlands of international importance, as defined by the Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alappuzha</span> City in Kerala, India

Alappuzha or Alleppey is the administrative headquarters of Alappuzha district in the state of Kerala, India. The Backwaters of Alappuzha are one of the most popular tourist attractions in India which attracts millions of domestic and international tourists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kainakary</span> Village in Kerala, India

Kainakary is a village in Kuttanad Taluk in Alappuzha District of the Indian state of Kerala.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Conolly Canal</span> Canal in India

Conolly Canal, sometimes spelled as Canoly Canal, is the part of the West coast canal (WCC) network of Kerala and the canal was constructed by combining the rivers and streams along the coast with the intention of creating a vast waterway from Kozhikode to Kochi. It was constructed in the year 1848 under the orders of then collector of Malabar, H.V. Conolly, initially to facilitate movement of goods to Kallayi Port from hinter lands of Malabar through Kuttiyadi and Korapuzha river systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tourism in Kerala</span> Overview of tourism in Kerala, India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kerala State Water Transport Department</span>

Kerala State Water Transport Department (SWTD) is a governmental department that regulates the inland navigation systems in the Indian state of Kerala and provides inland water transport facilities. It stands for catering to the traffic needs of the inhabitants of the waterlogged areas of the Districts of Alappuzha, Kottayam, Kollam, Ernakulam, Kannur and Kasaragod. The department is headed by the State Minister in charge of transportation.

The Thiruvananthapuram - Shoranur canal is a historic canal in India, from Trivandrum to Shoranur. It was one of the most arterial transportation mode in erstwhile Travancore princely state. Most of the trade, commerce and freight traffic in Travancore used to happen through this canal. The canal used to pass through rice bowl of the state, Kuttanad, centre of Coir trade i.e. Alappuzha, centre of Cashew business, Kollam, Changanassery market, strategic Thevally, Kayamkulam, Varkala etc. and used to connect Thiruvithamkoor with Cochin State and Malabar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inland Waterways Authority of India</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thaikattussery</span> Village in Kerala, India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Waterway 3</span> National waterway of India

The West Coast Canal or National Waterway No 3 is a 205 km (127 mi) long inland navigational route located in Kerala, India, which runs from Kollam to Kottapuram. It was declared a National Waterway in 1993. In addition to the main stretch, Champakara and Udyogmandal canals are navigable and connect the industrial centers of Kochi to Kochi port Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) under the Ministry of Shipping is coordinating the task for developing, monitoring and administering national waterways. It is the first National Waterway in the country with 24-hour navigation facilities along the entire stretch. It has been extended to Kozhikode by the National Waterways Act, 2016. The National Waterway 3 mainly passes through the previous Thiruvananthapuram–Shoranur canal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of Kerala</span> Overview of and topical guide to Kerala

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Kerala:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Munroturuttu railway station</span> Railway station in Kerala, India

Munroturuttu railway station or Mundrothuruthu railway station(Code:MQO) is an 'HG 2 Category' halt railway station, situated between Perinad and Sasthamkotta railway stations of Kollam district in Kerala state, India. The station is coming under the Southern Railway zone of Indian Railways. The nearest major rail head of Munrothuruthu railway station is Kollam Junction railway station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transport in Kollam</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kollam KSWTD Ferry Terminal</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Varkala Tunnel</span> Water Tunnel System in Trivandrum, India

The Varkala Tunnel System, also known as the Varkala Canal or Varkala Thurapp in local dialect, is a system of tunnels situated in the municipality of Varkala of Trivandrum, Kerala, India. It is one of the region's most important historic sites and architectural marvels. This site was constructed by the Travancore Kingdom to establish a continuous inland waterway across Thiruvithamkoor as TS Canal, which was meant to serve as a trade route. The construction of the two long tunnels was started in 1867 and work on the first was finished in 1877, while the second was completed in 1880.

References

  1. ↑ "Kerala's inland waterways - The right route to development". @businessline. 16 January 2000. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  2. ↑ "Kalam had a vision for Kerala". The Hindu. 2015-07-29. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  3. ↑ Staff Reporter (2019-02-07). "Renovation of canals begins in Alappuzha". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  4. ↑ "Residents seek to revive Alappuzha-Cherthala canal | Kochi News". The Times of India. TNN. 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
  5. ↑ "Four National Waterways for State notified". The Hindu. 2016-07-26. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  6. ↑ "Kottayam canals await uplift before National Waterways tag". OnManorama. Retrieved 2020-07-09.
  7. 1 2 "Promoting Inland Waterways in The Country". pib.gov.in. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  8. ↑ "KWIL on Parvathi Puthanar trail". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  9. 1 2 "Nod for two bridges across Vadakara-Mahe canal". The Hindu. 2013-12-31. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  10. ↑ "Vadakara-Mahe Canal gets technical approval". www.projectstoday.com. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  11. ↑ "വടകര-മാഹി കനാലിന്റെ നിര്‍മ്മാണം 5 റീച്ചുകളിലായി പുരോഗമിക്കുന്നുവെന്ന് മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി". Kairali News | Kairali News Live l Latest Malayalam News. 2021-08-10. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  12. ↑ "വടകര – മാഹി കനാലിനു കുറുകെ ഇരുമ്പ് പാലങ്ങൾ ഉയരുന്നു". ManoramaOnline (in Malayalam). Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  13. ↑ Radhakrishnan, S. Anil (2019-03-03). "Artificial canals in Kerala to fill gaps in National Waterway". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  14. ↑ "₹600 crore to kick-start land acquisition for inland navigation canal". The Hindu. 2019-01-31. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  15. ↑ Brief summary of project nic.in
  16. ↑ C.P.Sajit (2023-04-30). "Opposition against plans to construct artificial canal gains strength in Kannur". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 2024-03-25.
  17. ↑ "Chootad Beach in Kannur | Unexplored destinations in Malabar". www.keralatourism.org. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  18. ↑ "NHAI's spanner: Rs 6,000-crore Kovalam-Bekal waterway will be blocked at Nileshwar river". Onmanorama. Retrieved 2024-03-25.
  19. ↑ "കൃത്രിമ ജലപാതയ്ക്ക് എതിരെ പ്രതിഷേധം". www.manoramaonline.com (in Malayalam). Retrieved 2024-03-25.
  20. ↑ Correspondent, D. C. (2016-11-26). "Kerala: First solar ferry ride a success". www.deccanchronicle.com. Retrieved 2024-03-25.
  21. ↑ രാഗേഷ്, വി പി (11 February 2020). "മീന്‍ചാട്ടങ്ങള്‍ കണ്ട്, പുഴമീനും കപ്പയും രുചിച്ച് മിതമായ നിരക്കില്‍ ഒരു മനോഹരയാത്ര". Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
  22. ↑ Staff Reporter (2020-09-15). "SWTD to launch water taxis in Alappuzha next month". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 2021-02-02.
  23. ↑ "It's makeover time for SWTD". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
  24. ↑ "CM to launch Water Metro project on Feb. 22". The Hindu. 2021-01-22. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 2021-02-02.
  25. ↑ "FACT launches new barge to transport ammonia". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
  26. ↑ Staff Reporter (2020-10-03). "Kottayam port starts domestic movement of cargo". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 2021-02-02.
  27. ↑ "Alumkadavu, the destination for watching houseboat making at Kollam". Kerala Tourism. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
  28. ↑ Reporter), Jabir Mushthari (staff (2015-08-15). "'Boating at Kakkayam reservoir a pleasant surprise'". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 2021-02-02.
  29. ↑ "Kochi-based cruise vessel Nefertiti earns over Rs 1 crore a month". www.onmanorama.com. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  30. ↑ "ബോട്ടപകടത്തിലെ ആദ്യ രക്തസാക്ഷി കുമാരനാശാൻ; 1924ൽ പല്ലനയിൽ പൊലിഞ്ഞത് 24 ജീവൻ; തേക്കടി ..." www.marunadanmalayali.com. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
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