Anchuthengu | |
---|---|
Anjengo | |
Location | Trivandrum, India |
Coordinates | 8°29′00″N76°55′00″E / 8.4833°N 76.9167°E |
Architect | Portuguese, English |
Architectural style(s) | Portugal, England |
Anchuthengu ("Five Coconut Palms"), formerly known as Anjengo, Angengo or Anjenga, [1] is a coastal panchayath and town in the Thiruvananthapuram District of Kerala. It is situated 9km south-west of Varkala Town along Trivandrum - Varkala - Kollam coastal highway.
The town contains old Dutch-style churches, a lighthouse, a 100-year-old convent and school, tombs of Dutch and British sailors and soldiers, and the remains of the Anchuthengu Fort. Kaikara village, the birthplace of the famous Malayalam poet Kumaran Asan, is located nearby. Temples in the area are Parambil Sree Bhadrakali Yogeeshwara Kshethram and Sree Bala Subrahmanya Swami Kshethram.
Anchuthengu is about 36 kilometers (22 mi) north of Thiruvananthapuram. The nearest airport is Trivandrum International Airport. Kadakkavur Railway Station is 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) away.
Anjengo is located in an oxbow at the mouth of Parvathy Puthanaar canal. [2] Originally, it was an old Dutch settlement between Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram, and near Varkala. [3]
In 1694, the Queen of Attingal granted the British East India Company (EIC) the right to establish a factory and a fort at Anjengo, which became the Company's first trade settlement in Kerala. The Anjengo Fort was erected in 1694-8. [1] Because of its location, it was an occasional port of call for East Indiamen.
In 1728 Anjengo was the birthplace of Robert Orme (1728-1801), historiographer of the East India Company, and in 1744 of Eliza Draper who would become a muse and correspondent of Laurence Sterne. [4] The fort played an important role in the Anglo-Mysore Wars of the 18th century [5] but, by the 19th century, the fort was considered an unnecessary expense. The EIC abandoned it, and the factory, in 1813. [1]
In the 19th century, the town remained known for its excellent ropes (manufactured from the local palms) and also exported pepper, homespun cotton cloth, and drugs. [1] Anchuthengu was a part of Malabar District during British Raj. [6]
The Kingdom of Travancore, also known as the Kingdom of Thiruvithamkoor or later as Travancore State, was kingdom that lasted from c. 1729 until 1949. It was ruled by the Travancore Royal Family from Padmanabhapuram, and later Thiruvananthapuram. At its zenith, the kingdom covered most of the south of modern-day Kerala and the southernmost part of modern-day Tamil Nadu with the Thachudaya Kaimal's enclave of Irinjalakuda Koodalmanikyam temple in the neighbouring Kingdom of Cochin. However Tangasseri area of Kollam city and Anchuthengu near Attingal in Thiruvananthapuram were parts of British India.
Attingal is a municipality in Thiruvananthapuram metropolitan area in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala state, India. It was the location of the Attingal kingdom, under Travancore. It is the headquarters of Chirayinkeezhu Taluk, and the important government institutions of the taluk such as the Taluk office, court complex, office of the deputy superintendent of Police, civil station, and treasuries are situated in Attingal. It is one of the oldest municipalities of Kerala which was constituted prior to its independence in 1924. In 1914 itself Attingal Town Improvement Authority (TIA) was formed which was the term used before the municipality regulation act of 1922. Attingal Town is located 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Thiruvananthapuram. Attingal is the 3rd densely populated municipality in the district.
Varkala is a major coastal municipality situated in Thiruvananthapuram near the southern suburb of Kollam, in the state of Kerala.
Kollam, is an ancient seaport and the fourth largest city in the Indian state of Kerala. Located on the southern tip of the Malabar Coast of the Arabian Sea, the city is on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake and is 71 kilometers northwest of the state capital, Thiruvanathapuram (Trivandrum). Kollam is one of India's oldest continuously inhabited cities, with evidence of habitation stretching back to the megalithic; the city has also been a maritime entrepôt millennia, the earliest attestation of which dates back to the Phoenicians and Romans. It is the southern gateway to the Backwaters of Kerala, and is known for its cashew processing, coir manufacturing, and tourism industries.
Thiruvananthapuram District is the southernmost district in the Indian state of Kerala. The district was created in 1949, with its headquarters in the city of Thiruvananthapuram, which is also Kerala's administrative centre. The present district was created in 1956 by separating the four southernmost Taluks of the erstwhile district to form Kanyakumari district. The city of Thiruvananthapuram is also known as the Information technology capital of the State, since it is home to the first and largest IT park in India, Technopark, established in 1990. The district is home to more than 9% of total population of the state.
Parippally is a village in kalluvathukkal panchayat Kollam, Kerala, India. Parippally is 22 kilometres (14 mi) South of Kollam City along NH66 and 44 kilometres (27 mi) North of Thiruvananthapuram along NH66. Kollam Govt. Medical College is situated in Parippally. Varkala sivagiri is nearest major Railway station 12 km(7.5 mi).
The history of Thiruvananthapuram dates back to the 18th century AD. In 1795, the city became the capital of the princely state of Travancore. Several historic landmarks of the city, including the Kowdiar Palace, University of Kerala, and Napier Museum were built during that period. After independence, Thiruvananthapuram was made the capital of the state of Kerala.
The Thiruvananthapuram - Shoranur canal is a historic canal in India, from Trivandrum to Shoranur. It was one of the most arterial transportation mode in erstwhile Travancore princely state. Most of the trade, commerce and freight traffic in Travancore used to happen through this canal. The canal used to pass through rice bowl of the state, Kuttanad, centre of Coir trade i.e. Alappuzha, centre of Cashew business, Kollam, Changanassery market, strategic Thevally, Kayamkulam, Varkala etc. and used to connect Thiruvithamkoor with Cochin State and Malabar.
Kadinamkulam is a panchayat and the northern suburb of Trivandrum City. It is one of the residential and industrial area of Trivandrum City in Kerala, India. It is situated 22 km north of Trivandrum, 20 km from Varkala, 20 km from the Trivandrum International Airport and 22 km from Trivandrum Central Railway station and bus station. National Highway 66 is also 8 km away. Kadinamkulam is surrounded by Kadinamkulam Kayal to the east, the Arabian Sea to the west, Puthucurichy to the north and Channankara to the south. Kadinamkulam forms part of Kadinamkulam panchayat of Trivandrum district. Kinfra international apparel park, Marian Engineering College etc. are situated in Kadinamkulam.
"Aswathi Thirunal" Umayamma, known as Queen Umayamma or Queen Ashure (Aswathi), (died 1698), was the regent queen of Venad (Venatu) in southern India from 1677 to 1684 on behalf of her young nephew (son of her older sister Senior Queen Makayiram Thirunal) Ravi Varma. She also served as the Junior Queen of Attingal under Senior Queen Makayiram Thirunal and subsequently as the Senior Queen of Attingal.
Edava is a panchayat in Varkala Taluk, which is the northernmost tip of Thiruvananthapuram district in the state of Kerala, India. Edava is located 5km north of Varkala, 21km south of port city Kollam and 44km north of capital city Thiruvananthapuram. Kappil beach is a famous surf location.Surfsupkerala life saving club operates here.
Chirayinkeezhu is a town in Thiruvananthapuram district in the Indian state of Kerala. It was also hometown of famous Malayalam Film actor Prem Nazir. It is the seat of Chirayinkeezhu taluk.
Venjaramoodu is a north-east suburb of Trivandrum city, the capital of Kerala. It is 9 km (5.6 mi) east of Attingal, 11 km (6.8 mi) northwest of Nedumangad and 12 km (7.5 mi) northeast of Trivandrum City.
Varkala Sivagiri railway station is an NSG–4 category Indian railway station in Thiruvananthapuram railway division of Southern Railway zone. is a major railway station in Kerala serving the town of Varkala in Thiruvananthapuram. It is the second-busiest railway station in the state capital district Trivandrum in terms of passenger movement and 14th busiest in Kerala State. Around 54 trains halts in this station which handled more than 17,730 passengers daily with 3 platforms. It is on Kollam–Thiruvananthapuram trunk line. Station is well connected to major metropolitan & tier 2 cities like Trivandrum, Hyderabad, Kochi, Delhi, Bangalore, Mangalore, Chennai, Mumbai, Vijayawada, Kolkata, Goa etc.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Kerala:
The fort was the East India Company's first permanent post on the Malabar Coast. In November 1693, John Brabourne was sent by the British East India Company (EIC) to Attingal, where he obtained from Rani Ashure a grant of a site for a fort on the sandy spit of Anchuthengu, together with the monopoly of the pepper trade of Attingal. The EIC commenced construction in January 1696.
Varkala Taluk is a Taluk (tehsil) situated in the northernmost tip of Thiruvananthapuram district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the 3rd most densely populated taluk in the district comprising 10 villages and Varkala municipality. Spanning an area of about 171 km2,Varkala Taluk is home to over 9% of total population of Trivandrum district. Varkala is the taluk headquarters and the largest town of the taluk.
The Varkala Tunnel System, also known as the Varkala Canal or Varkala Thurapp in local dialect, is a system of tunnels situated in the municipality of Varkala of Trivandrum, Kerala, India. It is one of the region's most important historic sites and architectural marvels. This site was constructed by the Travancore Kingdom to establish a continuous inland waterway across Thiruvithamkoor as TS Canal, which was meant to serve as a trade route. The construction of the two long tunnels was started in 1867 and work on the first was finished in 1877, while the second was completed in 1880.
Waterways have always been an important mode of transport in Kerala. The total length of navigable route in Kerala was 1,900 kilometres and the navigable rivers constitute about 54 per cent of the waterways. The 41 West-flowing rivers together with the backwaters are an integrated part of the inland navigation system in Kerala. In Kerala water transportation through these channels are mainly small distant passenger services, informal country boats, freight transportation to PSU's such as Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore, Kochi etc.