Banasura Sagar Dam | |
---|---|
Country | India |
Location | Wayanad, Kerala |
Coordinates | 11°40′12″N75°57′28″E / 11.67000°N 75.95778°E |
Purpose | Multi-purpose |
Status | Operational |
Opening date | 2004 |
Owner(s) | Kerala State Electricity Board |
Dam and spillways | |
Impounds | Tributary of the Kabini River |
Height (foundation) | 38.5 m (126 ft) |
Length | 685.0 m (2,247 ft) |
Spillways | Nil |
Reservoir | |
Creates | Banasurasagar Reservoir |
Total capacity | 209,250,000 m3 (169,642 acre⋅ft) |
Catchment area | 61.44 km2 (24 sq mi) |
Normal elevation | 775.60 m (2,545 ft) |
Power Station | |
Installed capacity | 231.75 MW |
Banasura Sagar Dam, which impounds the Karamanathodu tributary of the Kabini River, is part of the Indian Banasurasagar Project consisting of a dam and a canal project started in 1979. [1] The goal of the project is to support the Kakkayam Hydro electric power project and satisfy the demand for irrigation and drinking water in a region known to have water shortages in seasonal dry periods. The dam is also known as Kuttiyadi Augmentation Main Earthen Dam. The dam has a height of 38.5 metres (126 ft) and length of 685 metres (2,247 ft).
In the dam's reservoir there is a set of islands that were formed when the reservoir submerged the surrounding areas. [2] The islands with the Banasura hills are in the background view. [3] It is the largest earth dam in India and the second largest of its kind in Asia. The dam is made up of massive stacks of stones and boulders. [4]
The Kuttiyadi Augmentation Scheme consists of a main dam known as Banasurasagar Dam, an earth fill dam and a concrete gravity spillway dam and six saddle dams namely, a) Kosani ( Earth fill dam) 13.8 m high b) Near Kottagiri ( Earth fill dam) 11.0 m high c) Kottagiri ( Earth fill dam) 14.5 m high d) Kuttiyadi ( Concrete dam) 16.5 m high e) Nayanmoola ( Earth fill dam) 3.5 m high f) Manjoora ( Earth fill dam) 4.0 m high. All the dams, except Kuttiady saddle, are earth fill dams. The Kuttiyadi saddle dam is a concrete dam. The spillway is located adjacent to the main dam at the right bank of the original river course. The water spread area at FRL / MWL is 12.77 km2. The catchment area of Banasurasagar Dam is 61.44 km2. [5]
The Banasura Sagar Dam is located 21 km from Kalpetta, in Wayanad District of Kerala in the Western Ghats. It is the largest earthen dam in India and the second largest in Asia [4] and a starting point for hikes into the surrounding mountains. [6] It is an important tourist attraction. [7] Banasura Sagar Dam is at the foot of the Banasura Hill.
Kuttiady Augmentation Spillway dam is a concrete dam with spillways for the Banasurasagar (kutyadi Augmentation) reservoir. The Spillway dam is part of the Kuttiyadi Augmentation Scheme which is located in Wayanad district. It aims at utilizing water of the Karamanthodu River, a tributary of Kabani River. The Scheme consists of a main dam known as Banasurasagar Dam an earth fill dam and a concrete gravity spillway dam and six saddle dams.[ citation needed ]
The Gross Storage of Kuttiyadi Augmentation (Banasura sagar) Reservoir is 209 Mm3 and live storage 185 Mm3. The water stored in the reservoir is diverted to the reservoir of Kuttiyadi Hydro Electric Project through an interconnecting tunnel. The sill level of diversion tunnel at inlet is 750.83 m. The size and shape of tunnel is varying. It is varying from 2.35 m dia. circular lined tunnel for a length of 890m &2.85 m D-shaped unlined tunnel for a length of 3873 m. Maximum diversion is11.6 m3/s. The diverted water is used for power generation from Kuttiyadi Power Station. FRL of the reservoir is 775.60 m. Top level of dam is 778.50 m. There are four radial gates, each of size 10.97 m x 9.20 m. Crest level of spillway is 767.00 m. Spillway capacity is 1664 m3/s. One lower level outlet is provided in the spillway structure at750.75 m of size 1.10 m X 1.75 m to release irrigation requirement.[ citation needed ]
The Banasura Sagar Dam is named after Banasura, the son of Mahabali who as per local Hindu mythological belief was a very respected king of Kerala.[ citation needed ]
The dam has become a popular tourist destination. Many people visit the place to go trekking at the Banasura Hill & speed boating at Banasura Sagar Dam. The Banasura Hill Resort, located about 20 km from the dam was rated as Asia's largest Earthen Resort by BBC. Speed & pedal boats are available & are major hits with tourists. Speed boat ride, in particular, is an exhilarating experience & not to be missed.[ citation needed ]
The actual missions for this dam is to provide water for Kakkayam reservoir [8] which is situated in Kozhikode district to produce electricity and also irrigation in Wayanad, both the missions were not accomplished and currently it is a part of the Hydel project. It has India's first Solar Atop Dam. [9]
Peruvannamuzhi dam, also known as Kuttiady (Id) Dam, is a dam built on the Kuttiady River at Peruvannamuzhi in Chakkittapara Grama Panchayath in Kozhikode district, Kerala. It is 16 km away from Kuttiady town and it is 55 km from Kozhikode town. It was constructed as part of the Kuttiady irrigation project. The project consists of a masonry dam across Kuttiyady River and 13 earth dams to maximize the storage of the reservoir. The construction of this project started in 1962 and was commissioned in 1973.
Azhutha Dam is a small diversion dam built on the Azhutha river which is a tributary of the Pamba River, at Azhutha in Peerumed Grama Panchayat of Idukki District, Kerala, India. It is a small concrete gravity dam that is only 72 metres (236 ft) long and 14 metres (46 ft) high. It acts mainly as a diversion dam to supply water to the Idukki Dam. Azhutha dam is constructed as an augmentation dam for the Idukki Hydro Electric Project. Construction of the project started in 1987 and was expected to be commissioned in 1991. But the project overrun and was only partially commissioned in June 1998. The year of completion was 2007. The release of the water from the dam is to Azhutha river and it flows through Ranni and Ayroor taluks.
Erattayar Dam is a small, diversion dam built on the Erattayar river in Erattayar grama panchayat near Kattappana town in Idukki district of Kerala, India. It acts mainly as a diversion dam to supply water to the Idukki dam. Diversion of water from Erattayar forebay to Idukki reservoir is through a tunnel called Anchuruli tunnel which is 3.77 km (2.34 mi) long. Construction of the dam was completed in the year 1989.
Kallar Dam is a small, diversion dam constructed at Perinjamkutty river in Nedumkandam grama panchayat of Idukki district, Kerala, India. It acts mainly as a diversion dam to supply water to the Idukki dam.
Gavi Dam or Gaviar Dam is a small, gravity dam constructed as a part of Sabarigiri hydro electric project on Gaviyar, which is a tributary of Pamba river at Seethathode village in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, India. Taluks through which release flow are Ranni, Konni, Kozhencherry, Thiruvalla, Chengannur, Kuttanadu, Mavelikara and Karthikappally.
Meenar-1 Dam is a concrete, gravity dam constructed across Meenar river in Seethathodu village of Pathanamthitta district in Kerala, India. It is a diversion dam built as a part of Sabarigiri hydro electric project.
Meenar-2 Dam is a concrete, gravity type of dam constructed across the Meenar river which is a tributary of Pamba river in Seethathodu village of Pathanamthitta district in Kerala, India. This dam is constructed as a part of Sabaigiri Augmentation Scheme.
Upper moozhiyar dam is an Earthen Dam constructed across Moozhiyar River in Seethathodu village of Pathanamthitta district in Kerala, India. This dam was constructed as a part of Sabarigiri Augmentation Scheme. The stream is located in southern side of Kakki reservoir. It is an embankment structure. Sabarigiri Hydro Electric Project is the second largest hydro electric project of Kerala and is located in Pathanamthitta district. This dam is constructed for diverting the upper reaches of Moozhiyar river, a tributary of Pamba river to the Kakki -Anathode reservoir through a tunnel. The surplus over the storage flows over the rock cut spillway to Moozhiyar river. Taluks through which release flow are Ranni, Konni, Kozhencherry, Thiruvalla, Chengannur, Kuttanadu, Mavelikara, and Karthikappally. Nearest city is Vandiperiyar.
Ranni-Perinad Weir is a diversion dam built in Kakkad river which is a tributary of Pamba River at Mampara in Ranni-Perinad villages of Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, India. The weir is a concrete-gravity type and is a part of Ranni – Perinad Small Hydro Electric Project, a run off the river scheme in Kakkad river in Pamba basin. It envisages the development of power by utilizing the tail race water from the Maniyar Power house, with installed capacity of 4.0 MW. The release of the water from the dam is to Kakkad river which in turn flows and joins Pamba river and flows through Taluks such as Ranni, Konni, Kozhencherry, Thiruvalla, Chengannur, Kuttanadu, Mavelikara and Karthikappally. The Dam is also a part of Ranni-Perinad Water supply scheme.
Vazhikadavu Weir is a diversion dam of concrete gravity type constructed across Meenachil River at Teekoy Village in Kottayam District in Kerala, India. The Vazhikkadavu weir is constructed as an augmentation scheme to Idukki HEP. The dam has a height of 10.20 metres (33.5 ft) from the deepest foundation and a length of 58 metres (190 ft).
Narakakkanam Weir is a diversion dam constructed across Narakakkanam River in Mariyapuram panchayath of Thankamani Village in Idukki district in Kerala, India. Narakakkanam weir is an augmentation weir for the Idukki Hydro Electric Project. Narakakkanam, Azhutha, Vazhikkadavu, Vadakkepuzha and Kuttiar diversion schemes were later added to augment the Idukki reservoir. The height of the dam is 11.50 metres (37.7 ft) from the deepest foundation and length is 45.20 metres (148.3 ft).
Vadakkepuzha Weir is a diversion dam of Earthen type constructed across Vadakkepuzha which is a tributary of Muvattupuzha river in Arakkulam village in Idukki district of Kerala, India. Vadakkepuzha weir is a part of an augmentation scheme for the Idukki Hydro Electric Project. Narakakkanam, Azhutha, Vazhikkadavu, Vadakkepuzha and Kuttiar diversion schemes were later added to Idukki HEP to augment the reservoir. Water from the reservoir is pumped in to Idukki reservoir through a pump house with three pumps.
Chembukkadavu Weir is a small diversion dam constructed across Chalipuzha in Kodenchery village of Kozhikode district in Kerala, India. The location of the scheme is at Chembukadavu near Tusharagiri in Kodencherry village of Kozhikode district. It is 55 km away from Kozhikode town. The weir is constructed across Chalipuzha river. After power generation, water from the power station is utilised for Chembukadavu II. The Power generated in the station is at 6.3 kV. This is stepped up to 33 kV and transmitted to 110 kV substation, Agasthyamoozhy. The weir and the power house is operated and maintained by Kerala State Electricity Board.
Kuttiyadi Saddle Dam is a concrete gravity dam built across Karamanathodu river which is a tributary of Kabani river in Padinjarathara village of Wayanad district in Kerala, India. It is one of the six dams created as part of Kuttiyadi Augmentation scheme which augments the Banasurasagar reservoir. The dam was built and is maintained by Kerala State Electricity Board.
Kosani Saddle dam is an earthen dam constructed on Karamanthodu in Thariyode panchayath of Wayanad district in Kerala, India. It is a saddle dam of Banasura sagar reservoir built as a part of Kuttiayadi Augmentatuon Scheme. The dam was built and is maintained by Kerala State Electricity Board.
Near Kottagiri Saddle dam is an earthen dam constructed on Karamanthode which is a tributary of Kabani river at Thariyode, of Wayanad district in Kerala, India. It is a saddle dam of Banasura sagar Reservoir built as a part of Kuttiyadi Augmentation Scheme. The dam was constructed and is maintained by Kerala State Electricity Board. The height of the dam is 11.0 metres (36.1 ft) and the length is 110.0 metres (360.9 ft).
Kottagiri Saddle dam is an earthen dam constructed across Karamanthodu which is a tributary of Kabani river at Thariyode village of Wayanad district in Kerala, India. It is a saddle dam of the Banasura sagar reservoir built as part of The Kuttiyadi Augmentatuin Scheme. The dam was constructed and is maintained by Kerala State Electricity Board.
Manjoora Saddle dam is an earthen dam constructed across Karamanthode which is a tributary of Kabani River in Thariyode village of Wayanad district in Kerala, India. It is one of the six saddle dams of Banasura sagar reservoir built as oart of the Kuttiyadi Augmentation scheme.
Nayanmoola Saddle dam is an earthen dam constructed across Karamanthode at Thariyode village of Wayanad district in Kerala, India. It is a saddle dam of Banasura sagar reservoir built as a part of the Kuttiyadi Augmentation scheme. The dam has a height of 3.5 metres (11 ft) and a length of 24.0 metres (78.7 ft)
Kulamavu Saddle Dam (Near Junction) is one of the two saddle dams of Idukki Reservoir constructed across Kilivallithodu River which is a tributary of Periyar river at Arakkulam village in Idukki District of Kerala, India. It is a Rolled Earth filled dam with a height of 18.29 metres (60.0 ft) and a Length of 457.2 metres (1,500 ft). The road to Idukki from Thodupuzha passes over this saddle dam.