MKX

Last updated
MKX
Identifiers
Aliases MKX , C10orf48, IFRX, IRXL1, mohawk homeobox
External IDs OMIM: 601332 MGI: 2687286 HomoloGene: 72239 GeneCards: MKX
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001242702
NM_173576

NM_177595

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001229631
NP_775847

NP_808263

Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 27.67 – 27.75 Mb Chr 18: 6.93 – 7 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Homeobox protein Mohawk, also known as iroquois homeobox protein-like 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MKX (mohawk homeobox) gene. [5] MKX is a member of an Iroquois (IRX) family-related class of 'three-amino acid loop extension' (TALE) atypical homeobox proteins characterized by 3 additional amino acids in the loop region between helix I and helix II of the homeodomain. [5] [6]

Contents

Function

MKX is a transcription factor that regulates tendon differentiation during embryological development. Knocking out this gene in mouse embryos results in them developing hypoplastic tendons containing less type I collagen. [7] MKX binds directly to the promoter of MyoD and represses its expression, negatively regulating muscle differentiation. [8]

Expression of MKX is maintained in adult tendon tissues, decreasing as a result of ageing or osteoarthritis. Collagen fibres in tendons become more dense and thick following mechanical stimulation as a result of exercise, [9] and MKX is essential in this mechanosensory process. [10]

Related Research Articles

CDX2

Homeobox protein CDX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDX2 gene. The CDX2 protein is a homeobox transcription factor expressed in the nuclei of intestinal epithelial cells, playing an essential role in the development and function of the digestive system. CDX2 part of the ParaHox gene cluster, a group of three highly conserved developmental genes present in most vertebrate species. Together with CDX1 and CDX4, CDX2 is one of three caudal-related genes in the human genome.

NKX3-1

Homeobox protein Nkx-3.1, also known as NKX3-1, NKX3, BAPX2, NKX3A and NKX3.1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NKX3-1 gene located on chromosome 8p. NKX3-1 is a prostatic tumor suppressor gene.

NK2 homeobox 1

NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1), also known as thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NKX2-1 gene.

Homeobox A10

Homeobox protein Hox-A10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA10 gene.

Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5

Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NKX2.5 gene.

Msh homeobox 2

Homeobox protein MSX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSX2 gene.

HHEX

Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HHEX gene and also known as Proline Rich Homeodomain protein PRH.

HOXB4

Homeobox protein Hox-B4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB4 gene.

PROX1

Prospero homeobox protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROX1 gene.

PRRX1

Paired related homeobox 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRRX1 gene.

MEIS2

Homeobox protein Meis2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEIS2 gene.

LHX1 Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

LIM homeobox 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LHX1 gene. This gene encodes a member of a large protein family which contains the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein is a transcription factor important for control of differentiation and development of neural and lymphoid cells. It is also key in development of renal and urogenital systems and is required for normal organogenesis. A similar protein in mice is an essential regulator of the vertebrate head organizer.

HOXA2

Homeobox protein Hox-A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA2 gene.

IRX3

Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-3, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX3 gene.

IRX1

Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-1, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX1 gene. All members of the Iroquois (IRO) family of proteins share two highly conserved features, encoding both a homeodomain and a characteristic IRO sequence motif. Members of this family are known to play numerous roles in early embryo patterning. IRX1 has also been shown to act as a tumor suppressor gene in several forms of cancer.

IRX2

Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-2, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX2 gene.

IRX4

Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-4, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX4 gene.

IRX5

Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-5, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 5, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX5 gene.

IRX6

Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-6, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 6, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX6 gene.

PKNOX2

PBX/Knotted 1 Homeobox 2 (PKNOX2) protein belongs to the three amino acid loop extension (TALE) class of homeodomain proteins, and is encoded by PKNOX2 gene in humans. The protein regulates the transcription of other genes and affects anatomical development.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000150051 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000061013 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: mohawk homeobox".
  6. Anderson DM, Arredondo J, Hahn K, Valente G, Martin JF, Wilson-Rawls J, Rawls A (March 2006). "Mohawk is a novel homeobox gene expressed in the developing mouse embryo". Developmental Dynamics. 235 (3): 792–801. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.20671 . PMID   16408284. S2CID   29018840.
  7. Ito Y, Toriuchi N, Yoshitaka T, Ueno-Kudoh H, Sato T, Yokoyama S, Nishida K, Akimoto T, Takahashi M, Miyaki S, Asahara H (June 2010). "The Mohawk homeobox gene is a critical regulator of tendon differentiation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (23): 10538–42. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10710538I. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1000525107 . PMC   2890854 . PMID   20498044.
  8. Chuang HN, Hsiao KM, Chang HY, Wu CC, Pan H (July 2014). "The homeobox transcription factor Irxl1 negatively regulates MyoD expression and myoblast differentiation". The FEBS Journal. 281 (13): 2990–3003. doi: 10.1111/febs.12837 . PMID   24814716. S2CID   19733342.
  9. Nakahara H, Hasegawa A, Otabe K, Ayabe F, Matsukawa T, Onizuka N, Ito Y, Ozaki T, Lotz MK, Asahara H (August 2013). "Transcription factor Mohawk and the pathogenesis of human anterior cruciate ligament degradation". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 65 (8): 2081–9. doi:10.1002/art.38020. PMC   3840305 . PMID   23686683.
  10. Kayama T, Mori M, Ito Y, Matsushima T, Nakamichi R, Suzuki H, Ichinose S, Saito M, Marumo K, Asahara H (April 2016). "Gtf2ird1-Dependent Mohawk Expression Regulates Mechanosensing Properties of the Tendon". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 36 (8): 1297–309. doi:10.1128/MCB.00950-15. PMC   4836271 . PMID   26884464.

Further reading

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.