1016

1016 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1016 MXVI
Ab urbe condita	1769
Armenian calendar	465 ԹՎ ՆԿԵ
Assyrian calendar	5766
Balinese saka calendar	937–938
Bengali calendar	422–423
Berber calendar	1966
English Regnal year	N/A
Buddhist calendar	1560
Burmese calendar	378
Byzantine calendar	6524–6525
Chinese calendar	乙卯年 (Wood  Rabbit) 3713 or 3506     — to — 丙辰年 (Fire  Dragon) 3714 or 3507
Coptic calendar	732–733
Discordian calendar	2182
Ethiopian calendar	1008–1009
Hebrew calendar	4776–4777
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1072–1073
- Shaka Samvat	937–938
- Kali Yuga	4116–4117
Holocene calendar	11016
Igbo calendar	16–17
Iranian calendar	394–395
Islamic calendar	406–407
Japanese calendar	Chōwa 5 (長和５年)
Javanese calendar	918–919
Julian calendar	1016 MXVI
Korean calendar	3349
Minguo calendar	896 before ROC 民前896年
Nanakshahi calendar	−452
Seleucid era	1327/1328 AG
Thai solar calendar	1558–1559
Tibetan calendar	阴木兔年 (female Wood-Rabbit) 1142 or 761 or −11     — to — 阳火龙年 (male Fire-Dragon) 1143 or 762 or −10

Battle of Assandun: King Edmund II (left) is defeated by forces of Cnut the Great.

Year 1016 ( MXVI ) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

• March 25 – Battle of Nesjar (off the coast of Norway): Olaf Haraldsson is victorious over former co-regent Sweyn Haakonsson, confirming his status as king of Norway.
• April 23 – Æthelred the Unready, king of England, dies after a 38-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Edmund II "Ironside". ^[1]
• Summer – Battle of Brentford (near London): Edmund Ironside defeats the Danes under King Cnut. ^[2]
• July 6 – Battle of Pontlevoy: French forces of Fulk III and Herbert I defeat Odo II which determines the balance of power in the Loire Valley. ^[3]
• October 18 – Battle of Assandun: Cnut defeats Edmund Ironside, leaving the latter as king of Wessex. ^[1]
• November 30 – Edmund II dies and Cnut takes control of the whole of the Kingdom of England. ^[1]
• The Pisan and the Genoese republics launch a naval offensive against the Muslim strongholds of Sardinia, in particular Porto Torres, and defeat the fleet of the taifa king of Dénia, Mujāhid al-ʿĀmirī. ^[4]
• Melus of Bari makes a second attempt against Byzantine-held Southern Italy. To support his cause, he hires Norman mercenaries, unwittingly triggering the rise of Norman rule over southern Italy. ^[5]
• Georgius Tzul, ruler of Khazaria, is captured by a combined Byzantine Empire–Kievan Rus' force, which effectively ends Khazaria's existence.

Arabian Empire

• January 7 – Fath al-Qal'i, governor of the Citadel of Aleppo, revolts against Emir Mansur ibn Lu'lu', forcing him to flee. Fath accepts an agreement with Salih ibn Mirdas and takes control of Aleppo.

Asia

• March 10 – Emperor Sanjō of Japan abdicates the throne after a 5-year reign. He is succeeded by his 7-year-old cousin Go-Ichijō as the 68th emperor of Japan. Fujiwara no Michinaga is appointed regent.
• Japanese poet Koshikibu no Naishi (lady-in-waiting to Dowager Empress Shōshi) and her husband Fujiwara no Kiminari (son of Michinaga) have a son, but the couple is not accepted because of the social gap between them. ^[6]

Births

• April 3 – Xing Zong, emperor of the Liao dynasty (d. 1055)
• June 9 – Deokjong, ruler of Goryeo (Korea) (d. 1034)
• July 25 – Casimir I the Restorer, duke of Poland (d. 1058)
• August 24 – Fujiwara no Genshi, Japanese empress (d. 1039)
• October 28 – Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1056)
• Cao, empress and regent of Song dynasty China (d. 1079)
• Edward the Exile, son of Edmund II of England (d. 1057)
• Không Lộ, Vietnamese Zen master (approximate date)
• Minamoto no Tsunenobu, Japanese nobleman (d. 1097)
• Svein Knutsson, king of Norway (d. 1035)
• Yan Vyshatich, Kievan nobleman (d. 1106)

Deaths

• April 23 – Æthelred the Unready, king of England
• May 22 – Jovan Vladimir, Serbian prince (b. 990)
• September 6 – Fujiwara no Bokushi, great-grandmother of the Emperor of Japan
• October 18
  • Ælfric of Hampshire, English nobleman
  • Eadnoth the Younger, bishop of Dorchester in England
  • Ulfcytel Snillingr, English nobleman
• November 30 – Edmund II "Ironside", king of England
• Badis ibn Mansur, Muslim emir of the Zirid dynasty
• Henry II "the Good", count of Stade (b. 946)
• Liu Chenggui, official of Song dynasty China (b. 951)
• Simeon of Mantua, Armenian Benedictine monk
• Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, caliph of Córdoba
• Uhtred the Bold, English nobleman
• Wulfgar of Abingdon, English abbot

References

1. Williams 2005.
2. Palmer & Palmer 1992.
3. Bradbury 2004.
4. Benvenuti 1985.
5. Kleinhenz 2010.
6. "Koshikibu no Naishi", Mypaedia, Hitachi Systems & Services, 2007.

Sources

• Ambraseys, N. (2009). Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: A Multidisciplinary Study of Seismicity up to 1900 (First ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 259, 260. ISBN   978-0521872928.

• Benvenuti, Gino (1985). Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia (in Italian). Rome: Newton & Compton Editori. p. 33. ISBN   978-8882895297.

• Kleinhenz, Christopher, ed. (2010). Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Routledge. p. 95. ISBN   978-0415939294.

• Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd / Barrie & Jenkins. pp. 48–49. ISBN   978-0712656160.

• Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History . Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.  105–106. ISBN   978-0304357307.

• Bradbury, Jim (2004). The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. ISBN   0-415-22126-9.