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Eadweard Muybridge was an English photographer known for his pioneering work in photographic studies of motion, and early work in motion-picture projection.
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Chronophotography is a photographic technique from the Victorian era which captures a number of phases of movements. The best known chronophotography works were mostly intended for the scientific study of locomotion, to discover practical information for animal handlers and/or as reference material for artists. Although many results were not intended to be exhibited as moving pictures, there is much overlap with the more or less simultaneous quest to register and exhibit photographic motion pictures.
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For the history of animation after the development of celluloid film, see history of animation.
Animal Locomotion: An Electro-photographic Investigation of Consecutive Phases of Animal Movements is a series of scientific photographs by Eadweard Muybridge made in 1884 and 1885 at the University of Pennsylvania, to study motion in animals. Published in July 9, 1887, the chronophotographic series comprised 781 collotype plates, each containing up to 36 pictures of the different phases of a specific motion of one subject.
Events in 1888 in animation.
Events in 1885 in animation.
Events in 1881 in animation.
References
- 1 2 Brian Clegg The Man Who Stopped Time: The Illuminating Story of Eadweard Muybridge : Pioneer Photographer, Father of the Motion Picture, Murderer, Joseph Henry Press, 2007
- ↑ Bendazzi 1994, p. 4.
- ↑ Myrent 1989, p. 192-193.
- ↑ Stillman, J. D. B. (Jacob Davis Babcock); Muybridge, Eadweard (1882). The horse in motion as shown by instantaneous photography, with a study on animal mechanics founded on anatomy and the revelations of the camera, in which is demonstrated the theory of quadrupedal locomotion. University of California Libraries. Boston, J. R. Osgood and company.
- ↑ "Capturing the Moment", p. 1, Freeze Frame: Eadward Muybridge's Photography of Motion, October 7, 2000 – March 15, 2001, National Museum of American History, accessed April 9, 2012
- 1 2 Leslie, Mitchell. "The Man Who Stopped Time". Stanford Alumni Magazine. Retrieved February 3, 2010.
- ↑ Still J.D.B. 1882. Retrieved February 3, 2010– via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- ↑ Laurent Mannoni, The great art of light and shadow : archaeology of the cinema (1995)
- ↑ "Lanterne de projection (AP-94-33) - Collection - Catalogue des appareils cinématographiques - La Cinémathèque française". cinematheque.fr. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- ↑ "Philadelphia Orchestra Association v. Walt Disney Co., 821 F.Supp. 341 (1993)" . Retrieved October 16, 2011– via Google Scholar.
- ↑ Mosley 1985, p. 176.
- ↑ Abram Chasins, Leopold Stokowski, a profile, pp. 1-3 (New York: Da Capo Press, 1979)
- ↑ "Quando Disney incontrò Stravinsky - Cinema". Rai Cultura (in Italian). Retrieved 27 December 2021.
- ↑ Allen Hughes, "Leopold Stokowski Is Dead of a Heart Attack at 95", The New York Times, 14 September 1977.
- ↑ Peter Rollberg (2016). Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Cinema. US: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 705–707. ISBN 978-1442268425.
- ↑ Ray Harryhausen. Tony Dalton. A Century of Model Animation: From Méliès to Aardman. 2008. Watson-Guptill. p. 44.
- ↑ "Władysław Starewicz | Życie i twórczość | Artysta".
- ↑ Nicholas Rzhevsky. The Cambridge Companion to Modern Russian Culture. Cambridge University Press. 2012. p. 317.
- ↑ "Издательская программа "Интерроса"". Archived from the original on 2007-08-20. Retrieved 2007-01-12.
- ↑ "Irène Starewicz". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on January 29, 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
- ↑ "Robert Storm Petersen". Det Danske Filminstitut. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
- ↑ "Robert Storm Petersen". Den Store Danske. Retrieved January 1, 2021.