1888 in animation

Events in 1888 in animation.

Events

• December 1: Charles-Émile Reynaud files a patent for his animated moving picture system Théâtre Optique. The patent was issued on 14 January 1889. ^{[1] [2] [3]} Reynaud in the 1888 patent: "The aim of the apparatus is to obtain the illusion of motion, which is no longer limited to the repetition of the same poses at each turn of the instrument, as is necessary in all known apparatus (Zootropes, Praxinoscopes, etc.), but Having, on the contrary, an indefinite variety and duration, and thus producing real scenes animated by unlimited development. Hence the name of Optical Theater given by the inventor to this apparatus" (translated from French). ^[4]
• Date uncertain - Charles-Émile Reynaud creates the animated film Un bon bock (A Good Beer). It consisted of 700 individually painted 6 x 6 cm pictures in a 50 meter long flexible strip. Reynaud manipulated the speed and repeated movements by moving the film back and forth through the projector to tell a visual story that lasted close to fifteen minutes. The film would not be exhibited to the public until 1892. ^{[5] [6]}

Births

January

• January 22: Win Smith, Canadian-American animator and comics artist (Penguin Pete, Looney Luke, Mickey Mouse , Looney Tunes ), (d. 1941). ^[7]

February

• February 1: Manuel Urda Marín, Spanish comics artist and animator, (d. 1974). ^[8]

March

• March 3: Seitarō Kitayama, Japanese animation director, credited with the first examples of commercial production of anime, (directed animated adaptations of The Crab and the Monkey , Urashima Tarō , and Momotarō), (d. 1945). ^{[9] [10]}
• March 12: Hall Johnson, American composer and choirmaster (voice of the Deacon Crow in Dumbo ), (d. 1970). ^[11]

April

• April 6: Hans Richter, German film producer of animated films, painter, graphic artist, and art historian (pioneer of abstract animation, directed the animated short films Rhythmus 21 , and Ghosts Before Breakfast ), (d. 1976). ^{[12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]}
• April 17: Gwen Williams, American actress (voice of Mary in Mr. Bug Goes to Town ), (d. 1962).

September

• September 12: Maurice Chevalier, French actor and singer (sang the title song in The Aristocats ), (d. 1972). ^{[18] [19] [20]}

October

• October 3: Claud Allister, English actor (voice of Sir Giles in The Reluctant Dragon , and Mr. Rat in The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad ), (d. 1970). ^{[21] [22]}

December

• December 24: Yuri Zhelyabuzhsky, Russian animator, cinematographer, film director, and screenwriter, (directed The Skating Rink, one of the first traditionally animated Soviet cartoons, and Bolvashka's Adventures, the first Soviet short film that combined live-action and stop motion animation), (d. 1955). ^{[23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29]}

References

1. Myrent 1989, p. 193; 195-198.
2. Bendazzi 1994, p. 5.
3. Rossell 1995, p. 119.
4. Reynaud, Émile (1888-12-01). Brevet d'invention N° 194 482.
5. "Charles-Émile Reynaud". Who's Who of Victorian Cinema. Retrieved 2007-03-11.
6. Myrent, Glenn (1989). "Emile Reynaud: First Motion Picture Cartoonist". Film History. 3 (3): 191–202. JSTOR   3814977.
7. "Win Smith". lambiek.net. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
8. "Manuel Urda". lambiek.net. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
9. "Japan finds films by early "anime" pioneers". Reuters. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
10. Frederick S. Litten. "Some remarks on the first Japanese animation films in 1917" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-01-02.
11. "AFROCENTRIC VOICES: Hall Johnson Biography". www.afrovoices.com. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
12. "Hans Richter - Film Ist Rhythm: Rhythmus 21 (c1921)". Vimeo. Archived from the original on December 3, 2012.
13. Rogowski, Christian (12 December 2018). The Many Faces of Weimar Cinema: Rediscovering Germany's Filmic Legacy. Camden House. ISBN   9781571134295 – via Google Books.
14. McDonnell, Maura. "CEC — eContact! 15.4 — Visual Music by Maura McDonnell". CEC - Canadian Electroacoustic Community.
15. Matthew Tobey (2011). "New York Times: Ghosts Before Breakfast". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times . Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2008.
16. Wilke, Tobias (2010). Medien der Unmittelbarkeit (in German). Munich: Wilhelm Fink. p. 62. ISBN   978-3-7705-4923-8.
17. Biographie, Deutsche. "Richter, Hans - Deutsche Biographie". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-06-25.
18. "Marice Chevalier Dead; Singer and Actor Was 83". The New York Times . February 14, 1972.
19. "Maurice Chevalier". October 25, 2019.
20. Freedland, Michael (1981). Maurice Chevalier (1st ed.). New York: Morrow. ISBN   0688006523.
21. "Claud Allister". Archived from the original on March 6, 2016.
22. League, The Broadway. "Claude Allister - Broadway Cast & Staff - IBDB". www.ibdb.com.
23. Vechernjaja Moskva, 25.10.1955
24. Peter Rollberg (2009). Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Cinema. US: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 762–764. ISBN   978-0-8108-6072-8.
25. Spring & Taylor p.236
26. Cinema: Encyclopedic Dictionary // main editor Sergei Yutkevich (1987). — Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 640 pages
27. Yuri Zhelyabuzhsky at Animator.ru
28. Giannalberto Bendazzi (2016). Animation: A World History: Volume I: Foundations - The Golden Age at Google Books
29. Semyon Ginzburg. Bolvashka's Adventures article from the Hand-Drawn and Stop-Motion Animated Films book (1957) (in Russian)

Sources

• Bendazzi, Giannalberto (1994). Cartoons: One hundred years of cinema animation. Indiana University Press. ISBN   0253209374.
• Rossell, Deac (1995). "A Chronology of Cinema, 1889-1896". Film History. 7 (2). Indiana University Press: 115–236. JSTOR   3815166.
• Derek Spring & Richard Taylor. Stalinism and Soviet Cinema. Routledge, 2013.