1899 in animation

Events in 1899 in animation.

Events

• Specific date unknown:
  • French trick film pioneer Georges Méliès claimed to have invented the stop trick and popularized it by using it in many of his short films. He reportedly used stop-motion animation in 1899 to produce moving letterforms. ^[1]
  • Earliest possible date for the production of Matches: an Appeal by the British film pioneer Arthur Melbourne-Cooper. Based on later reports by Melbourne-Cooper and by his daughter Audrey Wadowska, some believe that Cooper's Matches: an Appeal was produced in 1899 and was therefore the very first use of stop-motion animation. The extant black-and-white film shows a matchstick figure writing an appeal to donate a Guinea, for which Bryant & May would supply soldiers with sufficient matches. No archival records are known that could proof that the film was indeed created in 1899 during the beginning of the Second Boer War. Others place its creation at 1914, during the beginning of World War I. ^{[2] [3]} Cooper created more Animated Matches scenes in the same setting. These are believed to also have been produced in 1899, ^[4] while a release date of 1908 has also been given. ^[5]
  • The German toy manufacturer Gebrüder Bing introduced their toy "kinematograph", ^[6] at a toy convention in Leipzig in November 1898. In late 1898 and early 1899, other toy manufacturers in Germany and France, including Ernst Plank, Georges Carette, and Lapierre, started selling similar devices. The toy cinematographs were basically traditional toy magic lanterns, adapted with one or two small spools that used standard "Edison perforation" 35mm film, a crank, and a shutter. These projectors were intended for the same type of "home entertainment" toy market that most of the manufacturers already provided with praxinoscopes and magic lanterns. Apart from relatively expensive live-action films, the manufacturers produced many cheaper films by printing lithographed drawings. These animations were probably made in black-and-white from around 1898 or 1899. The pictures were often traced from live-action films (much like the later rotoscoping technique). These very short films typically depicted a simple repetitive action and most were designed to be projected as a loop - playing endlessly with the film ends put together. The lithograph process and the loop format follow the tradition that was set by the stroboscopic disc, zoetrope and praxinoscope. ^{[7] [8]}
  • In the 1899 book Living Pictures, Henry V. Hopwood depicts and describes a simple four-phase animation device. Hopwood gave no name, date or any additional information for this toy that rotated when blown upon. It is thought to have been a version of the zoetrope. ^[9]

Births

January

• January 13: Louis de Rochemont, American filmmaker, (producer and artistic director for Animal Farm ), (d. 1978). ^[10]

February

• February 15: Lillian Disney, American ink artist (Walt Disney Animation Studios), and widow of Walt Disney, (d. 1997). ^{[11] [12] [13] [14] [15]}

April

• April 2: William Garity, American inventor and audio engineer (Fantasound), (d. 1971).
• April 26: Guinn "Big Boy" Williams, American actor (narrator in Mr. Bug Goes to Town ), (d. 1962). ^[16]
• April 27: Walter Lantz, American animator, cartoonist, film director, and film producer (Walter Lantz Productions, Andy Panda, Woody Woodpecker, Chilly Willy, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit), (d. 1994). ^{[17] [18] [19] [20] [21]}

May

• May 8: Arthur Q. Bryan, American comedian and actor (voice of Elmer Fudd in Looney Tunes ), (d. 1959). ^[22]
• May 10: Fred Astaire, American actor and singer (voice of S.D. Kluger in Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town and The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town ), (d. 1987). ^[23]
• May 31: Madge Blake, American actress (model for Fauna in Sleeping Beauty ), (d. 1969). ^[24]

June

• June 2: Lotte Reiniger, German film director, and animator, pioneer of silhouette animation, ( The Adventures of Prince Achmed , the oldest surviving feature-length animated film, and devised an early version of the multiplane camera), (d. 1981). ^{[25] [26] [27] [28]}

August

• August 2: Valentina Semyonovna Brumberg, Russian animator, film director, and screenwriter ( The Tale of Tsar Saltan , The Lost Letter , The Night Before Christmas , It Was I Who Drew the Little Man ), (d. 1975). ^{[29] [30] [31] [32]}

September

• September 7: Perce Pearce, American animation director, producer, writer (Walt Disney Company) and actor (voice of the mole in Bambi ), (d. 1955). ^{[33] [34] [35] [36] [37]}

November

• November 4: Treg Brown, American motion picture sound editor (Warner Bros. Cartoons), (d. 1984).
• November 22: Hoagy Carmichael, American musician, composer, songwriter, actor and lawyer (voiced himself in The Flintstones episode "The Hit Song Writers"), (d. 1981). ^[38]

References

1. Brownie, Barbara (2014-12-18). Transforming Type: New Directions in Kinetic Typography. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN   978-0-85785-533-6.
2. "East Anglian Film Archive: Matches Appeal, 1899". www.eafa.org.uk. Retrieved 2019-07-25.
3. Vries, Tjitte de; Mul, Ati (2009). "They Thought it was a Marvel": Arthur Melbourne-Cooper (1874-1961) : Pioneer of Puppet Animation. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN   9789085550167.
4. "East Anglian Film Archive: Animated Matches Playing Cricket, 1899". www.eafa.org.uk.
5. "Animated Matches (1908) - IMDb" – via www.imdb.com.^{[ user-generated source ]}
6. "Bing". www.zinnfiguren-bleifiguren.com (in German).
7. Litten, Frederick S. Animated Film in Japan until 1919. Western Animation and the Beginnings of Anime.
8. Litten, Frederick S. (17 June 2014). Japanese color animation from ca. 1907 to 1945 (PDF).
9. Hopwood, Henry V. (1899). Living Pictures.
10. Shaw, Tony (2007). Hollywood's Cold War. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. p. 76.
11. "Lillian Disney dies". Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. December 18, 1997. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
12. Taylor, George (February 14, 2012). "Walt and Lilly". Walt Disney Family Museum. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
13. Jackson, Kathy (2006). Walt Disney: Conversations (First ed.). University Press of Mississippi. p.  120. ISBN   1-57806-713-8.
14. Weinraub, Bernard (December 18, 1997). "Walt Disney's Widow, Lillian, Dies at 98". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved September 6, 2016.
15. "LILLIAN DISNEY DIES AT 98". Washington Post. December 18, 1997. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
16. "Guinn 'Big Boy' Williams". www.b-westerns.com.
17. "Walter Lantz". lambiek.net.
18. Collins, Glen A. (March 23, 1994). "Walter Lantz, 93, the Creator Of Woody Woodpecker, Is Dead" . The New York Times . Retrieved November 22, 2011.
19. "Meet my boss, Walter Lantz". The Los Angeles Times . October 22, 2007. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
20. Solomon, Charles (December 29, 1985). "The Woodpecker and the Mouse : The Walter Lantz Story With Woody Woodpecker and Friends by Joe Adamson (Putnam's: $19.95; 254 pp., illustrated) and Disney's World by Leonard Mosley (Stein & Day: $18.95; 330 pp., illustrated)". The Los Angeles Times . Retrieved November 22, 2011.
21. Mallory, Michael (March 20, 2014). "A Tale of Two Walts".
22. "Arthur Q. Bryan Credits". Tvguide.com\accessdate=2014-06-17.
23. Ginger Rogers, who died on April 25, 1995, was buried in the same cemetery
24. • Ellenberger, Allan R. (2001). Celebrities in Los Angeles Cemeteries: A Directory. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company. p. 103. ISBN   9780786409839.
25. Schönfeld, Christiane (2006). Practicing Modernity: Female Creativity in the Weimar Republic. Konigshausen & Neumann. p. 174.
26. "The life of Lotte Reiniger". Drawn to be Wild. BFI. Archived from the original on 2001-03-03. (an extract from Pilling, Jayne, ed. (1992). Women and Animation: a Compendium. BFI. ISBN   0-85170-377-1.)
27. Lockwood, Devi (2019-10-16). "Overlooked No More: Lotte Reiniger, Animator Who Created Magic With Scissors and Paper". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2021-12-05.
28. Reiniger, Lotte (1935). "Scissors Make Films". International Film Magazine: Sight and Sound. Spring 1936.
29. Giannalberto Bendazzi (2016). Animation: A World History: Volume I: Foundations - The Golden Age at Google Books, p. 177
30. Giannalberto Bendazzi (2016). Animation: A World History: Volume II: The Birth of a Style - The Three Markets at Google Books, p. 78
31. Sergey Kapkov (2006). Encyclopedia of Domestic Animation, pp. 129–130, 14
32. The Stars of Russian Animation. Valentina and Zinaida Brumberg Archived 2022-02-10 at the Wayback Machine by Irina Margolina and Eduard Nazarov, Studio M.I.R., 2013 (in Russian)
33. Grant, John (1998). The Encyclopedia of Walt Disney's Animated Characters: From Mickey Mouse to Hercules (3rd ed.). Disney Editions. p. 164. ISBN   978-0-7868-6336-5.
34. Culhane, John (1983). Walt Disney's Fantasia . New York: Harry N. Abrams. p.  81. ISBN   0-8109-0822-0 – via Internet Archive.
35. "Hollywood Producer, Perce Pearce, Dies". The Boston Globe . July 5, 1955. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
36. "Pearce, U.S. Producer Active in Britain, Dies". Los Angeles Times. July 5, 1955 – via Newspapers.com.
37. Ghez, Didier; Gant, George (2012). "Piercing the Perce Pearce Mystery". Walt's People: Volume 12 — Talking Disney with the Artists who Knew Him. Xlibris Corporation. pp. 55–66. ISBN   978-1-4771-4790-0.‹The template Self-published inline is being considered for merging.› ^{[ self-published source ]}
38. "HOAGY CARMICHAEL IS DEAD; WROTE 'STARDUST'". New York Times. 28 December 1981. Retrieved 6 November 2021.

External links

• Animated works of the year, listed in the IMDb