1874 in animation

Years in animation:	1871   1872   1873   1874   1875   1876   1877
Centuries:	18th century  ·  19th century  ·  20th century
Decades:	1840s   1850s   1860s   1870s   1880s   1890s   1900s
Years:	1871   1872   1873   1874   1875   1876   1877

Events in 1874 in animation.

Events

• December 9: In 1874, Jules Janssen made several practice discs for the recording of the passage of Venus with his series Passage de Vénus , which he intended to record with his photographic revolver. He used a model of the planet and a light source standing in for the Sun. While actual recordings of the passage of Venus have not been located, some practice discs survived and the images of one were turned into a short animated film after the development of cinematography. ^{[1] [2]} The images were purportedly taken in Japan by Janssen himself and the Brazilian engineer Francisco Antônio de Almeida by using Janssen's photographic revolver. ^{[3] [4] [5]} The revolver could take several dozens of exposures at regulated intervals on a daguerreotype disc. ^[6] The Janssen revolver was the instrument that originated chronophotography, a branch of photography based on capturing movement from a sequence of images. To create the apparatus Pierre Janssen was inspired by the revolving cylinder of Samuel Colt's revolver. ^[7]
• Specific date unknown
  • One of the earliest examples of three-dimensional scientific visualisation was Maxwell's thermodynamic surface, sculpted in clay in 1874 by James Clerk Maxwell. ^[8] This prefigured modern scientific visualization techniques that use computer graphics. ^[9]
  • In 1874, the photographer Frederick Albert Bridge gave a series of lectures entitled Gems of English Scenery and Song, accompanied by magic lantern slides. ^[10]
  • By 1874, the photographer Henry Taunt started performing magic lantern shows in his regular series of children's events. ^[11]

Births

January

• January 29: Raoul Barré, Canadian animator, cartoonist, and painter (co-founder of the animation studio Barré Studio which pioneered some early animation processes, including mechanical perforation of cels and animating special effects on glass; also worked as a contractor for the William Randolph Hearst-owned animation studio International Film Service, and as a "guest animator" for the film series Felix the Cat by Pat Sullivan Productions), (d. 1932). ^{[12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]}

April

• April 15: Arthur Melbourne-Cooper, British filmmaker and photographer, pioneer of stop-motion animation ( Dolly's Toys , The Enchanted Toymaker ), (d. 1961). ^{[19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26]}

September

• September 21: Julienne Mathieu, French actress, screenwriter, and special effects artist, (acted in the silent film Hôtel électrique , one of the first films to incorporate stop motion animation; she was a specialist in the use of stop-motion animation, pixilation, overprinting, dissolving, and the tracking shot for special effects), (d. 1943). ^{[27] [28] [29] [30] [31]}

Deaths

Specific date unknown

• Henry Langdon Childe, English showman, (developer of the magic lantern image projector and dissolving views, a precursor of the dissolve in cinematic technique. ^{[32] [33] [34] [35] [36]}

References

1. 1874 Pierre Jules César Janssen - Passage artificiel de Venus sur le Soleil. magical media museum. 2012-05-05. Archived from the original on 2021-07-17. Retrieved 2021-08-10– via YouTube.
2. Janssen, P. J. C. (1874-12-09), Passage de Venus (Documentary, Short), retrieved 2023-12-30
3. Doucet, Jean-François. "La "photographie du temps" avant le cinéma" ["Time photography" before cinema]. www.jf-doucet.com (in French). Retrieved 2016-02-20.
4. Débarbat, Suzanne; Launay, Françoise (2006). "The 1874 Transit of Venus Observed in Japan by the French, and Associated Relics". Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage. 9 (2). adsabs.harvard.edu: 167. Bibcode:2006JAHH....9..167D . Retrieved 2016-08-01.
5. Rogério De Freitas Mourão, Ronaldo (2005). "The Brazilian contribution to the observation of the transit of Venus". IAU Colloq. 196: Transits of Venus: New Views of the Solar System and Galaxy. 2004. adsabs.harvard.edu: 154. Bibcode:2005tvnv.conf..154R. doi: 10.1017/S1743921305001353 . S2CID   140645257.
6. "XXXII. The First Daguerreotype Portraits; Exposures Reduced to Seconds", History of Photography, Columbia University Press, pp. 271–278, 1945-12-31, ISBN   978-0-231-88370-2 , retrieved 2023-12-31
7. "Revolver fotográfico | IDIS". proyectoidis.org. Retrieved 2018-11-30.
8. James Clerk Maxwell and P. M. Harman (2002), The Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, Volume 3; 1874–1879 , Cambridge University Press, ISBN   0-521-25627-5, p. 148.
9. Thomas G.West (February 1999). "Images and reversals: James Clerk Maxwell, working in wet clay" . ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics. 33 (1): 15–17. doi:10.1145/563666.563671. S2CID   13968486.
10. "Bridge, Frederick Albert". Archived from the original on 30 May 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
11. Graham 1973, 2. His Career.
12. "Raoul Barré".
13. Répertoire des personnages inhumés au cimetière ayant marqué l'histoire de notre société (in French). Montreal: Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery.
14. L’Académie Julian et ses élèves canadiens Paris, 1880-1900 par Samuel Montiège, Thèse de doctorat, Département d’histoire de l’art et d’études cinématographiques, Faculté des arts et sciences, Montréal, mai 2011.
15. Gifford, Denis (1990). American Animated Films: The Silent Era, 1897-1929. McFarland & Co. ISBN   0-89950-460-4.
16. Maltin, Leonard (1987). Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons (Revised ed.). Plume. pp. 11–14. ISBN   0-452-25993-2.
17. Maltin, Leonard (1987). Of mice and magic : a history of American animated cartoons. McGraw-Hill. p. 25. ISBN   9780452259935.
18. Donald Crafton; Before Mickey: The Animated Film, 1898-1928; The University of Chicago Press; ISBN 0-226-11667-0 (1982, 1993)
19. Crafton (2015), p. 223
20. de Vries, Mul (2009), p. 323
21. "Arthur Melbourne-Cooper pioneer film maker". UEA East Anglian Film Archive. Retrieved 2015-07-04.
22. Crafton, Donald (2009), "Arthur Melbourne-Cooper's Shadow of Doubt", in de Vries, Tjitte; Mul, Ati (eds.), They Thought it Was a Marvel: Arthur Melbourne-Cooper (1874-1961), Pioneer of Puppet Animation, Amsterdam University Press, ISBN   9789085550167
23. Gray, Frank (1999). "Smith versus Melbourne-Cooper: History and Counter-History". Film History. 11: 246–261.
24. Tjitte, de Vries (2000). "Letter to the Editor: The Case for Melbourne-Cooper". Film History. 12: 330–335.
25. Stephen, Bottomore (2002). "Smith Versus Melbourne-Cooper: An End to the Dispute". Film History. 14: 57–73. doi:10.2979/FIL.2002.14.1.57.
26. "T M Cooper of St Albans". Genealogy in Hertfordshire. Retrieved 2015-07-04.
27. Josep Maria Minguet Batllori, Segundo de Chomón. El cinema de la fascinació., Barcelone, Filmoteca de Catalunya, 2010, p.272
28. Batllori, Joan M. Minguet (2009). "Segundo de Chomōn and the Fascination for Colour". Film History. 21 (1): 7–103. ISSN   0892-2160. JSTOR   27670759.
29. "Segundo de Chomon mago misterioso". sempre in penombra (in Italian). 2011-03-28. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
30. Hennefeld, Maggie (2018-03-27). Specters of Slapstick and Silent Film Comediennes. Columbia University Press. ISBN   978-0-231-54706-2.
31. Billaut Manon, Por Katalin, « Colloque « Les mille et un visages de Segundo de Chomón : truqueur, coloriste, cinématographiste... et pionnier du cinématographe » à la Fondation Jérôme Seydoux-Pathé ; exposition « Effets Spéciaux. Crevez l’écran ! » à la Cité des Sciences et de l’industrie », 1895, 2018/1 (n° 84), p. 172-175. URL : https://www.cairn.info/revue-1895-2018-1-page-172.htm
32. Deac Rossell (1998). Living Pictures: The Origins of the Movies. SUNY Press. pp. 13–4. ISBN   978-0-7914-3767-4.
33. David M. Frohlich (19 May 2004). Audiophotography: Bringing Photos to Life with Sounds. Springer. p. 23. ISBN   978-1-4020-2209-8.
34. Murphy, Robert. "Childe, Henry Langdon". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5293.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
35. Henry Petroski (7 August 2013). Success through Failure: The Paradox of Design. Princeton University Press. pp. 18–9. ISBN   978-1-4008-4911-6.
36. Charles Musser (1994). The Emergence of Cinema: The American Screen to 1907. University of California Press. p. 29. ISBN   978-0-520-08533-6.

Sources

• Crafton, Donald (2015), "The Trickfilm Tradition", Before Mickey:The Animated Film 1898-1928, University of Chicago Press, ISBN   978-0226231020
• De Vries, Tjitte and Ati Mul, They Thought it was a Marvel - Arthur Melbourne-Cooper: Pioneer of Animation, Filmmuseum Amsterdam, 2007.
• Graham, Malcolm (1973). Henry Taunt of Oxford: A Victorian Photographer. Headington: Oxford Illustrated Press. ISBN   0-902280-14-7.