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Eadweard Muybridge was an English photographer known for his pioneering work in photographic studies of motion, and early work in motion-picture projection.
Thomas Cowperthwait Eakins was an American realist painter, photographer, sculptor, and fine arts educator. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important American artists.
The zoopraxiscope is an early device for displaying moving images and is considered an important predecessor of the movie projector. It was conceived by photographic pioneer Eadweard Muybridge in 1879. Muybridge used the projector in his public lectures from 1880 to 1895. The projector used 16" glass disks onto which Muybridge had an unidentified artist paint the sequences as silhouettes. This technique eliminated the backgrounds and enabled the creation of fanciful combinations and additional imaginary elements. Only one disk used photographic images, of a horse skeleton posed in different positions. A later series of 12″ discs, made in 1892–1894, used outlines drawn by Erwin F. Faber that were printed onto the discs photographically, then colored by hand. These colored discs were probably never used in Muybridge's lectures. All images of the known 71 disks, including those of the photographic disk, were rendered in elongated form to compensate the distortion of the projection. The projector was related to other projecting phenakistiscopes and used some slotted metal shutter discs that were interchangeable for different picture disks or different effects on the screen. The machine was hand-cranked.
The phenakistiscope was the first widespread animation device that created a fluid illusion of motion. Dubbed Fantascope and Stroboscopische Scheiben by its inventors, it has been known under many other names until the French product name Phénakisticope became common. The phenakistiscope is regarded as one of the first forms of moving media entertainment that paved the way for the future motion picture and film industry. Similar to a GIF animation, it can only show a short continuous loop.
The decade of the 1880s in film involved significant events.
Gordon Hendricks (1917–1980) was an American art and film historian.
The Horse in Motion is a series of cabinet cards by Eadweard Muybridge, including six cards that each show a sequential series of six to twelve "automatic electro-photographs" depicting the movement of a horse. Muybridge shot the photographs in June 1878. An additional card reprinted the single image of the horse "Occident" trotting at high speed, which had previously been published by Muybridge in 1877.
The Fairman Rogers Four-in-Hand is an 1879–80 painting by the American painter Thomas Eakins. It shows Fairman Rogers driving a coaching party in his four-in-hand carriage through Philadelphia's Fairmount Park. It is thought to be the first painting to examine precisely, through systematic photographic analysis, how horses move.
Kingston Museum is an accredited museum in Kingston upon Thames, southwest London, England. The Scottish-American philanthropist Andrew Carnegie funded the building of the museum, which adjoins Kingston Library.
For the history of animation after the development of celluloid film, see history of animation.
Animal Locomotion: An Electro-photographic Investigation of Consecutive Phases of Animal Movements is a series of scientific photographs by Eadweard Muybridge made in 1884 and 1885 at the University of Pennsylvania, to study motion in animals. Published in July 9, 1887, the chronophotographic series comprised 781 collotype plates, each containing up to 36 pictures of the different phases of a specific motion of one subject.
Events in 1893 in animation.
Events in 1887 in animation.
Events in 1885 in animation.
Events in 1883 in animation.
Events in 1882 in animation.
Events in 1881 in animation.
Events in 1880 in animation.
Events in 1879 in animation.
References
- ↑ University of Pennsylvania (1888). Animal locomotion : the Muybridge work at the University of Pennsylvania : the method and the result. Webster Family Library of Veterinary Medicine. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott Co.
- 1 2 "Eadweard Muybridge: Defining Modernities". Arts and Humanities Research Council, Kingston University, London. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- 1 2 "Motion Pictures: The Zoopraxiscope". Tate Museum. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- ↑ Stulman Dennett, Andrea (October 1997). Weird and Wonderful: The Dime Museum in America. NYU Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0814718865.
- ↑ Rossell, Deac (2005). "The Magic Lantern and Moving Images before 1800" (PDF). Barockberichte (40/41).
- ↑ Eadweard Muybridge (1899). E. Muybridge, Animals in motion. An electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal progressive movements, 1899. Mart - Archivio del '900. Chapman & Hall.
- ↑ "A new way of thinking about motion, movement, and the concept of time". Penn Today. University of Pennsylvania. 17 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- ↑ Brookman, Philip; Braun, Marta; Keller, Corey; Solnit, Rebecca (2010). Helios: Eadweard Muybridge in a Time of Change. Germany: Steidl. p. 83. ISBN 978-3-86521-926-8 . Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- ↑ D'Olier, Helen Campbell. "Unpublished lecture in the Library in Trinity College Dublin".
- ↑ Ellenberger, Allan R. (2001-05-01). Celebrities in Los Angeles Cemeteries: A Directory. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5019-0.
- ↑ Barrier, Michael (2003-11-06). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-983922-3.
- ↑ "Billboard". Nielsen Business Media : 113. February 7, 1948.
leon schlesinger.
- ↑ Barrier, Michael (1999). Pg. 323.
- ↑ Schneider, Steve (1988). That's all folks! : the art of Warner Bros. animation. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 88–90. ISBN 9781854102904.
- ↑ Barrier (1999); pg. 467
- ↑ Heritage Comics Auctions #815 Pini Collection Catalog. Ivy Press. 2005. ISBN 9781932899504.
- ↑ "LOUIS JAMBOR, 69, VERSATILE ARTIST; Portraitist and Mural Painter Who Also, Did Book, Film Work Succumbs Here". The New York Times . 1954-06-12. Retrieved 2020-02-22.
- ↑ "Lajos (Louis) Jambor". Artnet.com. Retrieved 2020-02-22.
- ↑ "Robert Lortac". lambiek.net. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
- ↑ "Robert Lortac".
- ↑ Eric Le Roy, « Filmographies Robert Lortac », 1895. Mille huit cent quatre-vingt-quinze, no 59, 2009, p. 289-324 (lire en ligne [archive])