1985 Individual Speedway World Championship

Last updated

Contents

The 1985 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 40th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider. [1] [2] [3]

Odsal Stadium, the new home of international speedway in England after the demise of the Wembley Stadium and White City Stadium tracks, was chosen by the FIM to host the 1985 Final on 31 August 1985; the first time that the final had been held in England at a venue other than Wembley. [4]

A crowd of around 30,000 attended the 1985 Final, which was won by defending champion Erik Gundersen from fellow Dane Hans Nielsen and surprise third placing Sam Ermolenko of the United States. All three riders finished the meeting on 13 points and were forced into a run-off to decide the podium placings. The only English rider in the field, 21-year-old Kelvin Tatum, finished 8th with 8 points in his first World Final. He won his first race, but later admitted that he let the occasion get to him which affected his riding. [5]

First round

British preliminary round

DateVenueWinner2nd3rd
11 April Rye House Stadium, Hoddesdon Mike Ferreira Jamie Luckhurst Andrew Silver
17 April Long Eaton Stadium, Long Eaton Trevor Banks Dave Perks Louis Carr
18 April Cleveland Park Stadium, Middlesbrough Steve Wilcock Geoff Pusey Mike Spink
19 April East of England Arena, Peterborough Carl Blackbird Tim Hunt Kevin Hawkins
19 April Powderhall Stadium, Edinburgh David Blackburn Paul Thorp Bobby Beaton

Swedish qualification

Australian qualification

DateEventVenueWinner2nd3rd
3 Nov 84Northern Territory Final Tennant Creek Speedway David Jackson Brent Knott Glen Baxter
24 November 84Queensland Final Pioneer Park, Ayr Steve Regeling Stan Bear Steve Koppe
1 Dec 84South Australian Final Riverview Speedway, Murray Bridge Mark Fiora Steve Baker Darryl Branford
7 Dec 84Western Australian Final Claremont Speedway, Perth Mick McKenna
16 Dec 84New South Wales Final Meeanee Speedway, Napier Billy Sanders Gary Guglielmi Rudy Muts
23 Dec 84Victorian Final Olympic Park, Mildura Phil Crump Rod Hunter Bill Barret

Second round

Continental preliminary round

DateVenueWinner2nd3rd
21 April Flag of Germany.svg Rhein-Main Arena, Diedenbergen Flag of Germany.svg Klaus Lausch Flag of Germany.svg Hubert Diener Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Stanislav Urban
21 April Flag of Bulgaria.svg Speedway Stadium,Targovishte Flag of Bulgaria.svg Angel Jeftimov Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Igor Stolyarov Flag of Poland.svg Grzegorz Dzikowski
21 April Flag of Poland.svg KS Apator Stadium, Toruń Flag of Poland.svg Leonard Raba Flag of Poland.svg Wojciech Żabiałowicz Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Antonín Kasper Jr.
21 April Flag of Hungary.svg Borsod Volán Stadion, Miskolc Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Viktor Kuznetsov Flag of Poland.svg Wojciech Załuski Flag of Hungary.svg József Petrikovics

British semi-finals

Pos.RiderPoints
1 Kenny Carter 14+3
2 John Davis 14+2
3 Neil Collins 12
4 Phil Collins 10
5 Neil Evitts 9
6 Peter Collins 9
7 Tim Hunt 9
8 Andy Campbell 8
9 Mark Courtney 7
10 Sean Willmott 7
11 Peter Carr 5
12 Richard Knight 5
13 Louis Carr 4
14 Kevin Jolly 3
15 Carl Blackbird 2
16 Kenny McKinna 2
17Ian Sutcliffe (res)0
Pos.RiderPoints
1 Andy Grahame 14
2 Kelvin Tatum 13
3 Simon Cross 12
4 Chris Morton 12
5 Andy Smith 11
6 Les Collins 9
7 Alan Grahame 8
8 Steve Bastable 7
9 Dave Jessup 7
10 Jamie Luckhurst 6
11 Melvyn Taylor 5
12 Mike Spink 5
13 Jeremy Doncaster 5
14 Bruce Cribb 2
15 David Backburn 2
16 Paul Woods 2
17 John Bostin 0
18 Nigel Leaver 0

Third round

Continental quarter-finals

DateVenueWinner2nd3rd
1 May Flag of Italy.svg Santa Marina Stadium, Lonigo Flag of Italy.svg Armando Castagna Flag of Poland.svg Grzegorz Dzikowski Flag of Italy.svg Valentino Furlanetto
1 May Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Matija Gubec Stadium, Krško Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Antonín Kasper Jr. Flag of Italy.svg Armando Dal Chiele Flag of Hungary.svg Laszlo Bodi
1 May Flag of Germany.svg Hansa Stadium, Bremen Flag of Germany.svg Klaus Lausch Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Václav Verner Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Zdenek Schneiderwind
5 May Flag of Austria.svg Stadion Wiener Neustadt Flag of Hungary.svg Zoltan Adorjan Flag of Hungary.svg Sandor Tihanyi Flag of Poland.svg Andrzej Huszcza

American Final

PlacingRiderTotal1234567891011121314151617181920PtsPos21
Gold medal icon.svg Flag of the United States.svg (12) John Cook 1533333151
Silver medal icon.svg Flag of the United States.svg (3) Sam Ermolenko 1333232132
Bronze medal icon.svg Flag of the United States.svg (8) Shawn Moran 1222332123
4 Flag of the United States.svg (14) Lance King 11331221143
5 Flag of the United States.svg (13) Rick Miller 11233211152
6 Flag of the United States.svg (5) Bobby Schwartz 11321231161
7 Flag of the United States.svg (15) Kelly Moran 1112233117F
8 Flag of the United States.svg (10) Alan Christian 71221178
9 Flag of the United States.svg (9) Brad Oxley 72002379
10 Flag of the United States.svg (6) Keith Larsen 51130F510
11 Flag of the United States.svg (4) Mike Carusco 511111511
12 Flag of the United States.svg (1) Mike Faria 321FX0312
13 Flag of the United States.svg (7) Keith Christo 301011313
14 Flag of the United States.svg (11) Jim Lawson 3X0210314
15 Flag of the United States.svg (2) Mike Dwyer 200002215
16 Flag of the United States.svg (16) Gene Woods 10X100116
PlacingRiderTotal12345678910111213141516171819 20 PtsPos21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - insidegate Bgate Cgate D - outside

New Zealand Final

Australian Final

Pos.RiderHeat ScoresTotal
1 Billy Sanders (3,3,3,3,3)15
2 Phil Crump (X,3,2,2,3)11
3 Stan Bear (2,2,2,2,3)11
4 Mark Fiora (2,2,3,2,2)11
5 Steve Regeling (1,3,0,3,3)10
6 Allan Rivett (3,1,3,1,2)10
7 Gary Guglielmi (3,3,X,2,X)8
8 Rod Hunter (1,1,3,1,2)8
9 Steve Koppe (3,2,1,X,1)7
10 Ray Palmer (0,0,2,2,2)6
11 David Jackson (1,2,2,0,1)6
12 Steve Baker (2,0,1,1,0)4
13 Rudy Muts (2,1,0,0,F)3
14 Brent Nott (1,1,F,X,X)2
15 Darryl Branfort (0,0,1,1,0)2
16 Bill Barett (0,X,X,0,0)0
R1 Craig Drennan (3,1)4
18 Mal Bedkoper (1)1

British Final

PlacingRiderTotal1234567891011121314151617181920PtsPos21
1 Flag of England.svg (2) Kenny Carter 1533333151
2 Flag of England.svg (12) John Davis 1433233142
3 Flag of England.svg (8) Kelvin Tatum 1231323123
4 Flag of England.svg (9) Phil Collins 1113232114
5 Flag of England.svg (6) Chris Morton 91232195
6 Flag of England.svg (16) Neil Collins 91223196
7 Flag of England.svg (3) Andy Smith 72102277
8 Flag of England.svg (5) Les Collins 620013683
9 Flag of England.svg (13) Simon Cross 602310692
10 Flag of England.svg (14) Neil Evitts 6301026101
11 Flag of England.svg (10) Peter Collins 5211E1511
12 Flag of England.svg (15) Tim Hunt 52F102512
13 Flag of England.svg (11) Andy Grahame 403001413
14 Flag of England.svg (1) Dave Jessup 411110414
15 Flag of England.svg (7) Andy Campbell 402020415
16 Flag of England.svg (4) Alan Grahame 30F21E316
PlacingRiderTotal12345678910111213141516171819 20 PtsPos21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - insidegate Bgate Cgate D - outside

Norwegian Final

Pos.RiderTotal
1 Einar Kyllingstad 15
2 Roy Otto 14
3 Dag Haaland 11
4 Ingvar Skogland 11
5 Erlend Skretting 10
6 Kjel Arvid Gimre 10
7 Per Leveng 9
8 Arnt Forland 9
9 Willi Tjessem 7
10 Robert Langaland 7
11 Gjermund Aas 4
12 Aasger Bjerga 3
13 Jan Slaatter 3
14 Kurt Ueland 3
15 Geir Aasland 3
16 Gunnar Tunaem 1

Finland Final

Pos.RiderTotal
1 Kai Niemi 15
2 Ari Koponen 14
3Juha Moksunen11+3
4 Pekka Hautamaki 11+2
5 Olli Tyrvainen 10
6Markku Haapala9
7Henry Kivela9
8Hannu Lehtonen8
9Mikael Back6
10Seppo Keskinen6
11Heimo Kaikko6
12Aarre Soivuori4
13Roy Malminheimo3
14Aki Ala Riihimaki3
15Esa Mattila2
16Ismo Kivela2
17Ari Heinonen (res)1

Swedish Finals

Pos.RiderR1R2R3Total
1 Tommy Nilsson 12151340
2 Jimmy Nilsen 11131236
3 Richard Hellsén 12101335
4 Per Jonsson 8101533
5 Erik Stenlund 1410832
6 Christer Rohlén 710825
7 Pierre Brannefors 912223
8Lars Andersson95721
9Patrik Karlsson49619
10Hans Wahlström93416
11Börje Ring34815
12 Bengt Jansson 43714
13Jimmie Magnusson14813
14 Anders Kling 36413
15Ake Fridell82-10
16 Tony Olsson 5308
17 Conny Ivarsson 0044
18Jan Lundgren0111
19Alf Trofast-1-1
20Lars Mammarberg1--1

Danish Final

Pos.RiderTotal
1 Hans Nielsen 15
2 Erik Gundersen 13+3
3 Preben Eriksen 13+2
4 Tommy Knudsen 11
5 Finn Rune Jensen 10
6 Jan O. Pedersen 10
7 John Jørgensen 10
8 Jens Rasmussen 9
9 Fleming Pedersen 6
10 John Eskilden 6
11 Bo Petersen 6
12 Sam Nikolajsen 3
13 Brian Jacobsen 2
14 Aksel Jepsen 2
15 Per Sorensen 2
16 Frank Andersen 1
R1 Helge Hansen 1

Fourth round

Continental semi-finals

Pos.RiderPoints
1 Flag of Germany.svg Egon Müller 13
2 Flag of Germany.svg Klaus Lausch 12
3 Flag of Italy.svg Armando Castagna 11
4 Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Lubomir Jedek 10
5 Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Aleš Dryml Sr. 10
6 Flag of Poland.svg Grzegorz Dzikowski 10
7 Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Václav Verner 10
8 Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Petr Vandírek 9
9 Flag of Italy.svg Giorgio Zaramella 7
10 Flag of Poland.svg Zenon Plech 6
11 Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Stanislav Urban 6
12 Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Michail Starostin 4
13 Flag of Poland.svg Piotr Pyszny 4
14 Flag of Italy.svg Valentino Furlanetto 3
15 Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Zdeněk Schneiderwind 3
16 Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Oleg Volokhov 2
Pos.RiderPoints
1 Flag of Hungary.svg Zoltán Adorján 14
2 Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Viktor Kuznetsov 12
3 Flag of Hungary.svg Sandor Tihanyi 11
4 Flag of Hungary.svg Zoltan Hajdu 11
5 Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Antonín Kasper Jr. 10
6 Flag of Austria.svg Heinrich Schatzer 9
7 Flag of Germany.svg Karl Maier 9
8 Flag of Hungary.svg Laszlo Bodi 8
9 Flag of Poland.svg Andrzej Huszcza 7
10 Flag of Italy.svg Armando Dal Chiele 7
11 Flag of Italy.svg Ottaviano Righetto 5
12 Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Petr Kucera 3
13 Flag of Poland.svg Zdislaw Rutecki 2
14 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Henny Kroeze 2
15 Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Rif Saitgareev 2
16 Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Vladimir Trofimov 1

Overseas Final

PlacingRiderTotal1234567891011121314151617181920PtsPos21
Gold medal icon.svg Flag of the United States.svg (3) Shawn Moran 14333321413
Silver medal icon.svg Flag of England.svg (2) Kenny Carter 14233331422
Bronze medal icon.svg Flag of the United States.svg (4) Lance King 1203333123
4 Flag of England.svg (1) Andy Smith 1112323114
5 Flag of England.svg (7) John Davis 1122232115
6 Flag of England.svg (6) Kelvin Tatum 1030223106
7 Flag of the United States.svg (14) John Cook 83120287
8 Flag of Australia (converted).svg (8) Phil Crump 81212288
9 Flag of the United States.svg (10) Sam Ermolenko 73201179
10 Flag of England.svg (13) Phil Collins 6131106103
11 Flag of England.svg (12) Chris Morton 6202116112
12 Flag of England.svg (15) Neil Collins 521110512
13 Flag of Australia (converted).svg (16) Stan Bear 5F1121513
14 Flag of New Zealand.svg (11) David Bargh 210001214
15 Flag of the United States.svg (9) Rick Miller 1010E0115
16 Flag of England.svg (5) Les Collins 000000016
PlacingRiderTotal12345678910111213141516171819 20 PtsPos21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - insidegate Bgate Cgate D - outside

Nordic Final

PlacingRiderTotal1234567891011121314151617181920PtsPos21
Gold medal icon.svg Flag of Denmark.svg (3) Tommy Knudsen 1533333151
Silver medal icon.svg Flag of Sweden.svg (14) Jan Andersson 1222233122
Bronze medal icon.svg Flag of Denmark.svg (15) Erik Gundersen 1130323113
4 Flag of Denmark.svg (10) Hans Nielsen 10E3322104
5 Flag of Finland.svg (1) Kai Niemi 1023311105
6 Flag of Denmark.svg (11) Jan O. Pedersen 1022222106
7 Flag of Denmark.svg (12) John Jørgensen 831202873
8 Flag of Sweden.svg (4) Tommy Nilsson 813E31882
9 Flag of Denmark.svg (8) Preben Eriksen 722E3079
10 Flag of Sweden.svg (7) Richard Hellsen 711122710
11 Flag of Sweden.svg (13) Per Jonsson 612201611
12 Flag of Norway.svg (2) Einar Kyllingstad 500113512
13 Flag of Denmark.svg (5) Finn Rune Jensen 531010513
14 Flag of Finland.svg (6) Ari Koponen 301110314
15 Flag of Sweden.svg (9) Erik Stenlund 2X0101215
16 Flag of Finland.svg (16) Olli Tyrväinen 0000E0016
PlacingRiderTotal12345678910111213141516171819 20 PtsPos21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - insidegate Bgate Cgate D - outside

Fifth round

Continental Final

PlacingRiderTotal1234567891011121314151617181920PtsPos21
Gold medal icon.svg Flag of Germany.svg (15) Egon Muller 1423333141
Silver medal icon.svg Flag of Italy.svg (11) Armando Castagna 1332332132
Bronze medal icon.svg Flag of Hungary.svg (14) Zoltan Adorjan 1232313123
4 Flag of the Soviet Union.svg (10) Viktor Kuznetsov 11033321143
5 Flag of Germany.svg (12) Karl Maier 11222321152
6 Flag of Poland.svg (3) Grzegorz Dzikowski 11312231161
7 Flag of the Czech Republic.svg (8) Antonín Kasper Jr. 1033121107
8 Flag of the Czech Republic.svg (1) Petr Vandirek 82222088
9 Flag of Hungary.svg (9) Sandor Tihanyi 71302179
10 Flag of the Czech Republic.svg (5) Aleš Dryml Sr. 621111610
11 Flag of Germany.svg (16) Klaus Lausch 5X1103511
12 Flag of the Czech Republic.svg (7) Lubomír Jedek 51E202512
13 Flag of Austria.svg (13) Heinrich Schatzer 31X110313
14 Flag of the Czech Republic.svg (6) Václav Verner 20101X214
15 Flag of Hungary.svg (4) Zoltan Hajdu 11X00X115
16 Flag of Hungary.svg (2) Laszlo Bodi 0X0000016
R1 Flag of Poland.svg (R1) Andrzej Huszcza 111R1
R2 Flag of Italy.svg (R2) Giorgio Zaramella 000R2
PlacingRiderTotal12345678910111213141516171819 20 PtsPos21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - insidegate Bgate Cgate D - outside

Intercontinental Final

PlacingRiderTotal1234567891011121314151617181920PtsPos21
Gold medal icon.svg Flag of the United States.svg (2) Shawn Moran 1433332141
Silver medal icon.svg Flag of the United States.svg (11) Lance King 12322231223
Bronze medal icon.svg Flag of Denmark.svg (9) Hans Nielsen 12123331232
4 Flag of Sweden.svg (1) Jan Andersson 1123132114
5 Flag of Finland.svg (12) Kai Niemi 1023023105
6 Flag of Denmark.svg (15) Tommy Knudsen 93F12396
7 Flag of the United States.svg (5) Sam Ermolenko 93122197
8 Flag of England.svg (3) Kelvin Tatum 80321288
9 Flag of the United States.svg (7) John Cook 82131189
10 Flag of Denmark.svg (16) Erik Gundersen 701330710
11 Flag of Denmark.svg (4) Jan O. Pedersen 612102611
12 Flag of England.svg (13) Phil Collins 510211512
13 Flag of England.svg (10) John Davis 302001313
14 Flag of England.svg (14) Kenny Carter 22F---214
15 Flag of Australia (converted).svg (8) Phil Crump 21010F215
16 Flag of England.svg (6) Andy Smith 2F1010216
R1 Flag of Denmark.svg (R1) John Jørgensen 0000R1
R2 Flag of England.svg (R2) Chris Morton 000R2
PlacingRiderTotal12345678910111213141516171819 20 PtsPos21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - insidegate Bgate Cgate D - outside

World Final

PlacingRiderTotal1234567891011121314151617181920PtsPos21
Gold medal icon.svg Flag of Denmark.svg (14) Erik Gundersen 13133331313
Silver medal icon.svg Flag of Denmark.svg (15) Hans Nielsen 13333131322
Bronze medal icon.svg Flag of the United States.svg (13) Sam Ermolenko 13233231331
4 Flag of Finland.svg (8) Kai Niemi 1023230104
5 Flag of the United States.svg (5) Shawn Moran 1031132105
6 Flag of Denmark.svg (9) Tommy Knudsen 1022123106
7 Flag of the United States.svg (6) John Cook 90233197
8 Flag of England.svg (1) Kelvin Tatum 83012288
9 Flag of Denmark.svg (10) Jan O. Pedersen 73111179
10 Flag of Sweden.svg (12) Jan Andersson 711212710
11 Flag of the United States.svg (11) Lance King 602211611
12 Flag of Germany.svg (3) Egon Muller 521E20512
13 Flag of Italy.svg (4) Armando Castagna 402200413
14 Flag of Hungary.svg (16) Zoltan Adorjan 200002214
15 Flag of the Soviet Union.svg (2) Viktor Kuznetsov 210001215
16 Flag of Germany.svg (7) Karl Maier 110000116
R1 Flag of Poland.svg (R1) Grzegorz Dzikowski 00R1
R2 Flag of England.svg (R2) Phil Collins 00R2
PlacingRiderTotal12345678910111213141516171819 20 PtsPos21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - insidegate Bgate Cgate D - outside

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1994 Individual Speedway World Championship</span> Motorcycle speedway world championship season

The 1994 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 49th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1988 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 43rd edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1987 Individual Speedway World Championship</span> Motorcycle speedway world championship season

The 1987 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 42nd edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1986 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 41st edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1984 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 39th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1983 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 38th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider. It was the first time the World Final had been held in West Germany.

The 1982 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 37th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1981 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 36th edition of the official Motorcycle speedway World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1980 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 35th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1979 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 34th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1978 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 33rd edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1977 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 32nd edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1976 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 31st edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1975 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 30th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1974 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 29th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1971 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 26th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1970 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 25th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1969 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 24th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1967 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 22nd edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The 1963 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 18th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

References

  1. "WORLD FINALS 1936-1994" (PDF). Speedway Researcher. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  2. "HISTORY SPEEDWAY and LONGTRACK". Speedway.org. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  3. "WORLD INDIVIDUAL FINAL – RIDER INDEX". British Speedway. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  4. "World Championship 1936-1994". Edinburgh Speedway. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  5. "Speedway riders, history and results". wwosbackup. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  6. Bamford, R. & Shailes, G. (2002). A History of the World Speedway Championship. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. ISBN   0-7524-2402-5