Alpert Medical School

Last updated
Warren Alpert Medical School
Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island.jpg
Richmond Street building
Former name
Brown University School of Medicine (–2000)
Type Private
Established1811;213 years ago (1811)
1972;52 years ago (1972)
Parent institution
 Brown University
Accreditation LCME
Dean Mukesh Jain
Academic staff
2,569 [1]
Students466 [1]
Location
Providence
,
RI
,
USA
Campus Urban
Website medical.brown.edu
Alpert Medical School Logo.svg

The Warren Alpert Medical School (formerly known as Brown Medical School, previously known as Brown University School of Medicine) is the medical school of Brown University, located in Providence, Rhode Island. Originally established in 1811, it was the third medical school to be founded in New England after only Harvard and Dartmouth. [2] [lower-alpha 1] However, the original program was suspended in 1827, and the four-year medical program was re-established almost 150 years later in 1972, granting the first MD degrees in 1975. [3]

Contents

Today, the Warren Alpert Medical School is a component of Brown's Division of Biology and Medicine, which also includes the Program in Biology. [4] Together with the Medical School's seven affiliated teaching hospitals, the Division attracts over $300 million in external research funding per year. [5]

History

Cover of Dr. William C. Bowen's textbook, Lectures on Chemistry, written c. 1812 for students of Brown's medical school William C Bowen.jpg
Cover of Dr. William C. Bowen's textbook, Lectures on Chemistry, written c. 1812 for students of Brown's medical school

Early history

Brown University first organized a medical program in 1811, with the appointment of three professors: Solomon Drowne, William Ingalls, and William Bowen. Natural history at Brown had previously been taught by physician Benjamin Waterhouse, a graduate of the University of Edinburgh Medical School, who went on to found Harvard Medical School. [6] The establishment of Brown's program in medicine followed examples set by the university's New England neighbors, Harvard University and Dartmouth College which had established medical programs in 1782 and 1797, respectively. [2] [7]

After assuming office in 1827, Brown's fourth president, Francis Wayland, called for all faculty to reside on campus. Through a residency policy, Wayland intended to increase the supervision of the student body and improve discipline. In March 1827, the Corporation of Brown University resolved that, in order to receive a salary, all faculty would be required to reside on the school's campus. Serving as voluntary clinical faculty, the medical school's physicians refused to jeopardize their practices in order to comply with the policy. [7]

In 1827, President Wayland suspended the fledgling medical program, suggesting that medical education might be reinstated at a later date. [8] Between its establishment in 1811 and suspension in 1827, 87 students graduated from the school. [7]

Modern history

In 1972, the Corporation of Brown University authorized the establishment of a four-year medical program. [9] Known as the Program in Medicine, the program awarded its first degrees to a graduating class of 58 students in 1975. [3] In 1991, the program was renamed the Brown University School of Medicine and in 2000 again renamed Brown Medical School.

Sidney Frank Hall for Life Sciences Sidney Frank Hall for Life Sciences, Brown University.jpg
Sidney Frank Hall for Life Sciences

Expansion

Between 1972 and 2011, the school operated from facilities on Brown's College Hill campus, including the Bio–Med Center and Smith-Buonanno Hall. In 2006, the school opened the Sidney Frank Hall for Life Sciences, a 168,800-square-foot (15,680 m2) life sciences complex for the Division of Biology and Medicine. Housing both research spaces and administrative offices, the construction of the building marked a significant expansion of the Division's facilities. [10] [11]

In January 2007, entrepreneur Warren Alpert donated $100 million to Brown Medical School, tying Sidney Frank for the largest single monetary contribution ever made to the university. [12] In recognition of the gift, Brown Medical School was renamed to The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. [13] [14] The funds contributed to the construction of a new medical education facility, medical student scholarships (through the Warren Alpert Scholars Program), support for biomedical research and faculty recruitment, and new endowed professorships. [15]

In 2016 and 2018 the school received further gifts totaling $27 million and $56 million. [16] [17]

Jewelry District

Between 2003 and 2006, the university purchased a number of properties in Providence's Jewelry District to accommodate for the expansion of medical facilities beyond the historic College Hill neighborhood. [18] In August 2011, the university completed the process of renovating a former industrial building at 222 Richmond Street to serve as the school's primary facility. Combined with another renovation project at adjacent 70 Ship Street, the opening of 222 Richmond Street marked the school's relocation from facilities primarily on College Hill to those primarily Downtown. [18] [19]

Admissions and rankings

Brown University Laboratories for Molecular Medicine, one of the core research facilities of the medical school. 70 Ship Street, Providence.jpg
Brown University Laboratories for Molecular Medicine, one of the core research facilities of the medical school.

Brown Alpert Medical School is one of the seven Ivy League medical schools and is currently ranked 14th for primary care education and 35th for research by the 2023 U.S. News & World Report rankings. [21] Alpert was ranked in the top 25 medical schools in the U.S. by both Business Insider and by a medical education rankings study conducted by Matthew J. Goldstein and colleagues at Harvard Medical School. [22] [23] Alpert enrolls approximately 144 students per class, and in 2017 was named by US News among the 10 most selective medical schools in the United States based on acceptance rate. [24] In 2016, Alpert received 6,374 completed applications and interviewed 370 applicants for 90 spots open through the American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS). Other routes of entry include the eight-year Program in Liberal Medical Education (PLME) and a small number of linkage programs. The 2016 matriculating class had an average GPA of 3.8 and MCAT score of 514. [25]

Students interested in studying at Alpert Medical School may apply through a variety of admissions routes designed to enroll a diverse and highly qualified student body. Approximately 30% of the entering class is composed of students from the 8-year Program in Liberal Medical Education (PLME) and special linkage agreement programs. In 2004, the school began to accept premedical students from other colleges and universities via AMCAS through a standard route of admissions. According to the school's website, for the Fall 2016 entering class, Alpert Medical School received 6,374 secondary applications and interviewed 370 candidates through the AMCAS route." [26]

Curriculum

A restructuring of the pre-clinical curriculum was implemented in 2006, with the goal of achieving an integrated, contemporary and flexible medical curriculum. Its design was predicated on the vision that tomorrow's physician must be an IT-savvy lifelong learner who is scientifically and clinically enlightened, familiar with alternative and complementary healing traditions, patient and service-centered, and who understands the economic underpinnings of the US health care system. At the heart of the curriculum redesign are the two-year basic science component (Integrated Medical Sciences I-IV), Doctoring (which focuses on clinical skills and professionalism), and the Scholarly Concentrations Program.

Integrated Medical Sciences I: IMS-I provides students with foundations of cell biology, cell physiology, biochemistry, nutrition, immunology and genetics, all of which are integrated with gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. IMS-I also includes general pathology in which students are introduced to concepts underlying the mechanisms of disease. This foundation forms the basis for the subsequent systems-based blocks of IMS II through IV.

Brain Sciences, the first module of IMS II, integrates head and neck anatomy with neurobiology, behavior, pathophysiology and neuropharmacology. Microbiology is integrated with infectious diseases and relevant pharmacology and epidemiology. In the final block of IMS-II, Endocrinology, endocrine physiology has been incorporated into the endocrine pathophysiology, pathology and pharmacology content. Integrated Medical Sciences III and IV: Students continue with a systems-based approach in Year II: The course sections are cardiology, nephrology, pulmonology, hematology, gastroenterology, human reproduction, growth, and development, and supporting structures (dermatology, rheumatology, and orthopedics).

Doctoring is a required skills-based course for all first- and second-year medical students designed to teach the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of a competent, ethical, and humane physician. Students spend one half-day a week working alongside a physician-mentor. These sessions allow students to observe and practice clinical skills such as medical interviewing, history-taking, physical diagnosis, and professional conduct.

Scholarly Concentrations Program

The Scholarly Concentrations Program is an elective program through which Alpert Medical School students may elect to pursue a course of study beyond that of the conventional medical education curriculum. Scholarly Concentrations offer students the opportunity to translate personal interests and activities into scholarship. Students who participate in a Scholarly Concentration will undertake rigorous independent scholarship in a cross-disciplinary field of interest related to medicine, public health, engineering, or a bio-medically relevant topic in the sciences, arts, or humanities.

Currently, students may pursue a Scholarly Concentration in the following areas: Advocacy and Activism, Aging, Caring for Underserved Communities, Contemplative Studies, Disaster Medicine, Global Health, Health Policy, Informatics, Integrative Medicine, Medical Education, Medical Ethics, Medical Humanities, Medical Technology and Innovation, Physician as Communicator, and Women's Reproductive Health.

Primary Care-Population Medicine Program

Using seed money from a $1 million Accelerating Change in Medical Education (ACE) grant from the American Medical Association] [27] the Warren Alpert Medical School (AMS) of Brown University developed an MD-MSc program. The Primary Care-Population Medicine (PC-PM) Program [28] is an integrated dual-degree curriculum that focuses on preparing students for a career in medicine while providing training in population medicine. Students concurrently earn both the MD and an MSc in Population Medicine with four-years of curriculum.

PLME

In 1984, Brown endorsed an eight-year medical program called the Program in Liberal Medical Education (PLME). The PLME offers a unique opportunity to join undergraduate and professional studies in medicine in a single eight-year program. By combining the open curriculum concept of Brown (The College) and the competency-based curriculum concept of the Alpert Medical School, the PLME encourages students of medicine to pursue in depth their interests in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences even as they prepare for their careers as physicians.

Prospective students apply to this eight-year program before they begin their undergraduate education. The program is extremely selective, accepting only 90 students each year, and is considered among the most prestigious combined medical programs in the country. [29] In 2020, 2,530 applicants applied for 88 spots, yielding an acceptance rate of approximately 3.47%. [30] According to one source, over 23% of all admitted students to the PLME program enrolled in an admissions prep program.[ citation needed ] Students earn a Bachelor's degree in their concentration of choice after their fourth year and automatically enter the medical school to pursue their MD degree.

Other programs

121 South Main Street, home to the Brown University School of Public Health. Proximity to the medical campus fosters collaboration between faculty and students of Alpert Medical School and the School of Public Health. 121 South Main St and Providence River.jpg
121 South Main Street, home to the Brown University School of Public Health. Proximity to the medical campus fosters collaboration between faculty and students of Alpert Medical School and the School of Public Health.

Early Identification Program

Since 1976, the Early Identification Program (EIP) was initiated to encourage Rhode Island residents to pursue careers in medicine by recruiting sophomores from Providence College, Rhode Island College and the University of Rhode Island. An EIP was also established with Tougaloo College to increase the number of underrepresented minorities in the medical school.

Brown-Dartmouth Medical Program

From 1981 to 2006, Brown offered a joint program with Dartmouth Medical School called the Brown-Dartmouth Medical Program. Approximately 15 students at Dartmouth Medical School enrolled in the program annually, spending the first two basic medical science years at Dartmouth and the next two years in clinical education at Brown, where they received their MD degree. The program was discontinued in the fall of 2006 after their respective deans stated that the institutions desired to move in their own directions. [31]

Combined degree programs leading to the MD/PhD, MD/MPH, MD/MPP, and MD-MSc degrees are currently offered in conjunction with Brown's Graduate School, School of Public Health, and Watson Institute. [32]

Notable alumni and faculty

Faculty

Notable faculty include:

Alumni

Notable alumni include:

Other alumni include: Christopher G. Chute (AB 1977, MD 1982) and Peter Calabresi (MD 1988) of Johns Hopkins University, Jay Loeffler (MD 1982) and Neel Shah (BSc 2004, MD 2009) of Harvard University, Sally Satel (MD 1984) of Yale University, Mark S. Blumenkranz (AB 1972, MD 1975, MMSc 1976) and Mark Musen (Sc.B. 1977, MD 1980) of Stanford University, and Michael Shadlen (AB 1981, MD 1988) of Columbia University.

Teaching affiliates

Teaching affiliates
Rhode Island Hospital Bridge Building and Anderson Emergency Center.jpg
Rhode Island Hospital view.jpg
Women and Infants Hospital Providence RI.jpg
Butler Hospital, Potter Building.jpg
Rhode Island Hospital, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Women & Infants Hospital, Butler Hospital

Notes

  1. ↑ While Yale chartered a medical school in 1810, instruction did not begin for another three years.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brown University</span> Private university in Providence, Rhode Island, US

Brown University is a private Ivy League research university in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. It is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the US, founded in 1764 as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. One of nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution, it was the first US college to codify that admission and instruction of students was to be equal regardless of the religious affiliation of students.

Doctor of Medicine is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the M.D. denotes a professional degree. This generally arose because many in 18th-century medical professions trained in Scotland, which used the M.D. degree nomenclature. In England, however, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (M.B.B.S.) was used: in the 19th century, it became the standard in Scotland too. Thus, in the United Kingdom, Ireland and other countries, the M.D. is a research doctorate, honorary doctorate or applied clinical degree restricted to those who already hold a professional degree (Bachelor's/Master's/Doctoral) in medicine. In those countries, the equivalent professional degree to the North American, and some others' usage of M.D. is still typically titled Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Program in Liberal Medical Education</span>

The Program in Liberal Medical Education, or PLME, is an eight-year combined baccalaureate-M.D. medical program offered by Brown University. Members of the program are simultaneously accepted into both the undergraduate College of Brown University as well as the Warren Alpert Medical School, allowing them to receive a Bachelor's degree and an M.D. as part of a single eight-year continuum. The PLME is the only combined medical program in the Ivy League, as well as one of only approximately 120 in the nation. The program is highly selective, admitting fewer than 90 applicants nationwide and internationally each year, with an acceptance rate of 2.19% for the class of 2026. The PLME is widely considered to be one of the most competitive and prestigious combined medical programs in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indiana University School of Medicine</span> Medical school of Indiana University

The Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM) is a major, multi-campus medical school located throughout the U.S. state of Indiana and is the graduate medical school of Indiana University. There are nine campuses throughout the state; the principal research, educational, and medical center is located on the campus of Indiana University Indianapolis. With 1,461 MD students, 195 PhD students, and 1,442 residents and fellows in the 2023–24 academic year, IUSM is the largest medical school in the United States. The school offers many joint degree programs including an MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program. It has partnerships with Purdue University's Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, other Indiana University system schools, and various in-state external institutions. It is the medical school with the largest number of graduates licensed in the United States per a 2018 Federation of State Medical Boards survey with 11,828 licensed physicians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geisel School of Medicine</span> Medical school of Dartmouth College

The Geisel School of Medicine is the graduate medical school of Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The fourth oldest medical school in the United States, it was founded in 1797 by New England physician Nathan Smith. It is one of the seven Ivy League medical schools.

The Medical Scientist Training Programs (MSTPs) are dual-degree training programs that streamline the education towards both clinical and research doctoral degrees. MSTPs are offered by some United States medical schools, who are awarded financial support from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The goal of these training programs is to produce physician scientists who can translate laboratory discoveries into effective treatments for patients.

The Doctor of Medicine–Doctor of Philosophy (MD–PhD) is a dual doctoral program for physician–scientists, combining the professional training of the Doctor of Medicine degree with the research program of the Doctor of Philosophy degree.

Medical school in the United States is a graduate program with the purpose of educating physicians in the undifferentiated field of medicine. Such schools provide a major part of the medical education in the United States. Most medical schools in the US confer upon graduates a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree, while some confer a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree. Most schools follow a similar pattern of education, with two years of classroom and laboratory based education, followed by two years of clinical rotations in a teaching hospital where students see patients in a variety of specialties. After completion, graduates must complete a residency before becoming licensed to practice medicine.

Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine is the medical school of Case Western Reserve University, a private research university in Cleveland, Ohio. It is the largest biomedical research center in Ohio. CWRU SOM is primarily affiliated with University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland Clinic, and the MetroHealth System.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Brown University</span>

The history of Brown University spans 260 years. Founded in 1764 as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Brown is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and the third-oldest institution of higher education in New England. At its foundation, the university was the first in the U.S. to accept students regardless of their religious affiliation. Brown's medical program is the third-oldest in New England while its engineering program is the oldest in the Ivy League.

The College of Brown University is the undergraduate school of Brown University, in College Hill, Providence, Rhode Island. Founded in 1764, the College is the university's oldest school and the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine</span>

The Faculty of Medicine at Dalhousie University, also known as Dalhousie Medical School, is a medical school and faculty of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CUNY School of Medicine</span> Medical school of the City University of New York

The CUNY School of Medicine (CUNY Medicine) is the medical school of The City University of New York (CUNY). Founded in 2015 on The City College of New York (CCNY) campus, CUNY Medicine became the only public medical school in Manhattan and the first medical school to open in New York City since 1860.

Christine Elaine Montross is an American medical doctor and writer. First a published poet and a high school teacher, she later took up medical studies, and became an assistant professor of psychiatry and human behavior at Brown University's Alpert Medical School. She is the recipient of a 2015 Guggenheim Fellowship.

Ira B. Wilson is an American physician and scholar of health services and policy. He is currently Professor of Medicine at Brown University's Alpert Medical School and Professor and Chair of Health Services, Policy and Practice at the Brown University School of Public Health.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eli Adashi</span> American physician and scientist

Eli Y. Adashi is an American-Israeli physician and scientist who served as the Fifth Dean of Medicine and Biological Sciences at Brown University. Adashi is presently a tenured Professor of Medical Science with the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. He is a member of the National Academy of Medicine, the New York Academy of Sciences, and the Association of American Physicians (AAP). Adashi is also a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the Hastings Center Ethics Research Institute, and the Royal Society of Medicine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Megan Ranney</span> American emergency physician

Megan L. Ranney is a practicing American emergency physician currently serving as the Dean of the Yale School of Public Health. Previously, Ranney served as the Deputy Dean of the Brown University School of Public Health, was Warren Alpert Endowed Professor in the Department of Emergency Medicine at Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University. Ranney was the founding Director of the Brown-Lifespan Center for Digital Health.

Alicia D. H. Monroe is an American physician and the Provost of the Baylor College of Medicine. Her research considers physician-patient communication and medical education.

Mukesh K. Jain is an American physician-scientist specializing in cardiovascular medicine. Since March 2022 he has served as Dean of Biological Sciences at Brown University and Dean of Medicine at the Warren Alpert Medical School. Jain previously served as Chief Scientific Officer at University Hospitals Health System and Vice-Dean for Medical Sciences at Case Western Reserve University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sendurai Mani</span>

Sendurai A. Mani is an Indian-American oncologist and a Molecular Biologist. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences, and Dean's Chair for Translational Oncology at Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School. He is also the associate director for Translational Oncology at the Legorreta Cancer Center at Alpert Medical School, Brown University. Previously, he was a co-director of Metastasis Research Center and co-director, the Center for Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, and a professor of Translational Molecular Pathology at MD Anderson Cancer Center.

References

  1. 1 2 Archived September 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  2. 1 2 Parsons, Charles W; Rhode Island Historical Society (1881). The medical school formerly existing in Brown University, its professors and graduates. Providence, R.I.: S.S. Rider. OCLC   1038137370.
  3. 1 2 "Making of a Medical School". 15 May 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  4. ↑ Lesley, Kira (2004-12-03). "With new dean and expanding faculty, Division of Biology and Medicine sees new research opportunities ahead". Brown Daily Herald. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  5. ↑ "History | Alpert Medical School". Brown.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2013-06-27.
  6. ↑ "Encyclopedia Brunoniana | Waterhouse, Benjamin". www.brown.edu. Archived from the original on 2022-03-11. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  7. 1 2 3 Bronson, Walter C (1914). The history of Brown University, 1764-1914. Providence: The University. ISBN   978-0-405-03697-2. OCLC   1150104. Archived from the original on 2022-05-02. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
  8. ↑ "Encyclopedia Brunoniana | Medical education". www.brown.edu. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  9. ↑ "U. to celebrate 50th anniversary of medical school". The Brown Daily Herald. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  10. ↑ Boggs, Evan (2007-02-09). "LiSci passes by almost unnoticed". Brown Daily Herald. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  11. ↑ Wohlmuth, Joanna (2007-12-05). "One year later, Sidney Frank Hall gets rave reviews". Brown Daily Herald. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  12. ↑ Bernhard, Stephanie (2007-03-05). "Warren Alpert dead at 86". Brown Daily Herald. Archived from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  13. ↑ Herald, Brown Daily (2007-01-29). "BROWN MED GETS $100M". Brown Daily Herald. Archived from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  14. ↑ Staff, P. B. N. (2007-01-31). "Brown renames medical school for $100M donor". Providence Business News. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  15. ↑ "Brown University Names Medical School To Honor Warren Alpert". Brown University Media Relations. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-29.
  16. ↑ Miller, G. Wayne. "Brown's medical school gets $27-million gift". providencejournal.com. Archived from the original on 2016-11-18. Retrieved 2021-10-14.
  17. ↑ Miller, G. Wayne. "Brown University receives $56M in gifts to benefit medical research". providencejournal.com. Archived from the original on 2018-11-27. Retrieved 2021-10-14.
  18. 1 2 Greene, Brigitta (2009-11-02). "Downtown, big ideas are soon to be tested". Brown Daily Herald. Archived from the original on 2021-02-25. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  19. ↑ Elizabeth Abbott (December 13, 2011). "Providence Puts Focus on Making a Home for Knowledge". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2022-06-13. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  20. ↑ "Alpert Medical School Core Research Facilities". Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  21. ↑ "Brown University (Alpert)". Best Medical Schools. U.S. News. 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-03-16. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
  22. ↑ "The 25 best medical schools in America". Business Insider . Archived from the original on 2016-08-28. Retrieved 2016-08-27.
  23. ↑ Goldstein MJ, Lunn MR, Peng L (2015). "What Makes a Top Research Medical School? A Call for a New M... : Academic Medicine". Acad Med. 90 (5): 603–608. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000646 . PMID   25607941.
  24. ↑ "10 Medical Schools With the Lowest Acceptance Rates - U.S. News & World Report". Usnews.com. 2017-03-16. Archived from the original on 2017-03-16. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
  25. ↑ "apps.aamc.org/msar-ui/". apps.aamc.org. Archived from the original on 2017-06-28. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
  26. ↑ "Class Profile - Alpert Medical School Admissions". www.brown.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-01-26. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
  27. ↑ "Accelerating Change in Medical Education". American Medical Association. Archived from the original on 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2019-06-24.
  28. ↑ "Primary Care-Population Medicine Program - Brown University". www.brown.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-06-24. Retrieved 2019-06-24.
  29. ↑ "2019 Ivy League Admissions Statistics | Ivy Coach". The Ivy Coach. Archived from the original on 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2016-05-06.
  30. ↑ "Admissions Facts and Figures | Program in Liberal Medical Education". www.brown.edu. Archived from the original on 2020-11-27. Retrieved 2016-05-06.
  31. ↑ "Brown-Dartmouth medical program to end in 2010". The Brown Daily Herald. Archived from the original on 2021-10-04. Retrieved 2021-10-04.
  32. ↑ "Other Programs". Archived from the original on 2011-10-04. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  33. ↑ "Patrick Aebischer, MD, PhD | Parkinson's Disease". www.michaeljfox.org. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
  34. ↑ "Dr. Eli Adashi on in vitro gametogenesis: 'It's time for the public to get a sense of the possible' | Brown University". www.brown.edu. 2024-10-21. Retrieved 2024-10-21.
  35. ↑ slater, elias (2013-08-01). "Philip Kantoff, MD". Prostate Cancer Foundation. Retrieved 2024-10-21.
  36. ↑ "Health Warrior". www.brownalumnimagazine.com. Archived from the original on 2021-06-09. Retrieved 2021-06-09.

41°49′09″N71°24′30″W / 41.819064°N 71.408276°W / 41.819064; -71.408276

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.