Aquilegia viridiflora

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Aquilegia viridiflora
Aquilegia viridiflora (13744504584).jpg
Aquilegia viridiflora in flower in Henfield, UK
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Aquilegia
Species:
A. viridiflora
Binomial name
Aquilegia viridiflora
Synonyms [1]
List
  • Aquilegia atropurpurea Willd.
  • Aquilegia viridiflora f. atropurpurea(Willd.) Kitag.
  • Aquilegia atropurpurea var. brevistylaWilld.
  • Aquilegia atropurpurea var. dahurica(Patrin) DC.
  • Aquilegia atropurpurea var. fischerianaDC.
  • Aquilegia atropurpurea var. violacea Regel
  • Aquilegia dahuricaPatrin
  • Aquilegia buriatica Peschkova  [ ru ]
  • Aquilegia canadensisPall.
  • Aquilegia elata Ledeb.
  • Aquilegia flava Lam.
  • Aquilegia hybrida Sims
  • Aquilegia hybrida var. caeruleaRegel
  • Aquilegia hybrida var. intermediaRegel
  • Aquilegia hybrida var. luteaRegel
  • Aquilegia hybrida var. violaceaRegel
  • Aquilegia luteaLam.

Aquilegia viridiflora, commonly known as the green columbine [2] or green-flowered columbine, [3] is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to southern Siberia, northern China, Mongolia, and Japan. [1]

Contents

Description

Aquilegia viridiflora is a herbaceous perennial [4] growing to 15 to 50 cm (5.9 to 19.7 in) tall, with hairy or glandular stems which often branch towards the top. It has few basal leaves, which are biternate and mostly smooth with stalks of up to 18 cm (7.1 in). It produces 3–7 nodding flowers measuring 1.5–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) across which are either yellowish-green (in the variety viridiflora) or dark purple (atropurpurea). The sepals and petals measure 1.5 cm (0.6 in) or less and the petals have straight or slightly incurved nectar spurs of 1.2 to 1.8 cm (0.5 to 0.7 in) length. [5]

Taxonomy

There are two named varieties, distinguished by the colour of the flowers: [5]

The synonym Aquilegia canadensis is not to be confused with Aquilegia canadensis L. , which is a different species of Aquilegia. [9]

A. viridiflora 'Chocolate Soldier' is a cultivar with chocolate-brown flowers. [10] It grows up to 30 cm (12 in) tall. [11]

Distribution and habitat

Aquilegia viridiflora is native to Japan, Mongolia, Russia (Buryatia, Tuva, and Zabaykalsky Krai in southern Siberia and the Amur Oblast in the Russian Far East [12] ), and to the Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, eastern Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, and Shanxi provinces in northern China. It grows in forests, grassy slopes, in damp places and by streams, at altitudes between 200 and 2,400 m (660 and 7,870 ft). [5]

Ecology

Aquilegia viridiflora flowers from May to July, [5] and is pollinated by early spring bees of the genus Anthophora . [13]

Conservation

As of November 2024, the species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List. [14]

Uses

Aquilegia viridiflora is grown as an ornamental plant. [15]

Related Research Articles

<i>Aquilegia</i> Genus of perennial plants (columbine)

Aquilegia is a genus of about 130 species of perennial plants that are found in meadows, woodlands, and at higher elevations throughout the Northern Hemisphere, known for the spurred petals of their flowers.

<i>Aquilegia canadensis</i> Common North American species of columbine

Aquilegia canadensis, the Canadian or Canada columbine, eastern red columbine, or wild columbine, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. It is an herbaceous perennial native to woodland and rocky slopes in eastern North America, prized for its red and yellow flowers. It readily hybridizes with other species in the genus Aquilegia.

<i>Aquilegia coerulea</i> North American species of columbine

Aquilegia coerulea, the Colorado columbine, Rocky Mountain columbine, or blue columbine, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to the Rocky Mountains and some of the surrounding states of the western United States. It is the state flower of Colorado. The Latin specific name coerulea means "sky blue".

Ulmus glaucescens var. glaucescens is a Chinese tree endemic to mountain slopes at elevations of 2000–2400 m in the provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, eastern Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, and Shanxi.

Ulmus glaucescens var. lasiocarpaRehder, named the hairy-fruited glaucescent elm in the United States, is a Chinese tree found along rivers and mountain slopes at elevations of 2500–2600 m in the provinces of Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, eastern Qinghai, and Shanxi.

Ulmus macrocarpa var. macrocarpaL. K. Fu is found on hillslopes and in valleys at elevations of 700–800 m in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, eastern Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong. Beyond China it is also found in Korea, Mongolia, and Russia (Siberia).

<i>Cypripedium guttatum</i> Species of orchid

Cypripedium guttatum, the spotted lady's slipper or Alaskan lady's slipper, is a species of orchid found on three continents. Each stem has about two clasping leaves that alternate. The plant has a height of 12 centimeters to 35 centimeters. The magenta and white colored labellum is pitcher shaped.

<i>Cypripedium macranthos</i> Species of orchid

Cypripedium macranthos, the large-flowered cypripedium, is a species of orchid. It is native to Russia and East Asia.

<i>Aquilegia flavescens</i> North American species of columbine

Aquilegia flavescens, the yellow columbine, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to the Rocky Mountains of the United States and Canada.

<i>Campanula punctata</i> Species of flowering plant

Campanula punctata, the spotted bellflower, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family Campanulaceae. This ornamental herbaceous perennial is native to Japan, Korea, China and Siberia, and is widely cultivated for its attractive bell-shaped flowers.

<i>Aquilegia micrantha <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> grahamii</i> Variety of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae

Aquilegia micrantha var. grahamii, common name Graham's columbine, is a variety of perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, endemic to Utah in the United States.

<i>Aquilegia flabellata</i> East Asian species of columbine

Aquilegia flabellata, common name fan columbine or dwarf columbine, is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to North and East Asia.

<i>Fragaria orientalis</i> Species of strawberry

Fragaria orientalis is a tetraploid species of wild strawberry native to E. Asia – Eastern Siberia. It is occasionally cultivated as a novelty edible.

Salix nipponica is a species of willow native to Eastern Asia.

<i>Aquilegia alpina</i> Alpine European species of columbine

Aquilegia alpina, the alpine columbine or breath of God, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to the western and central Alps.

<i>Aquilegia rockii</i> Asian species of columbine

Aquilegia rockii is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to southern China.

<i>Aquilegia sibirica</i> Species of flowering plant

Aquilegia sibirica, the Siberian columbine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae native to the north-central Asian regions of Siberia, northern Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Xinjiang. A hardy perennial plant, it prefers temperate environments. The Siberian columbine can be between 1 foot (0.30 m) and 2 feet (0.61 m) tall with flowers that are lilac-blue and white in color.

<i>Aquilegia desertorum</i> North American species of columbine

Aquilegia desertorum, the desert columbine, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to the southwestern United States.

<i>Aquilegia glandulosa</i> North Asian species of columbine

Aquilegia glandulosa, the Altai columbine or Siberian columbine, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to northern and central Asia.

Aquilegia aradanica is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, endemic to Siberia.

References

  1. 1 2 "Aquilegia viridiflora Pall." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  2. ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora (Columbine, Green Columbine)". North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
  3. ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora | green-flowered columbine". rhs.org.uk. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
  4. ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora". Missouri Botanical Garden . Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Dezhi, Fu; Robinson, Orbélia R. "Aquilegia viridiflora". Flora of China. Vol. 6. Retrieved 26 November 2024– via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora var. atropurpurea". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  7. ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora var. atropurpurea". rhs.org.uk. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
  8. ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora var. viridiflora". World Flora Online . Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  9. ↑ "Aquilegia canadensis L." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  10. ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora 'Chocolate Soldier'". BBC Gardeners' World Magazine. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
  11. ↑ "Chocolate plants - in pictures". The Guardian. 2012-04-06. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  12. ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora Pall." World Flora Online . Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  13. ↑ Shaulo, Dmitri N.; Erst, Andrey S. (2011). "Новый Вид Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) Из Западного Саяна, Северная Азия" [A new species of Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) from West Sayan, North Asia]. Turczaninowia (in Russian). 14 (3): 28–34. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  14. ↑ "Aquilegia - genus". IUCN Red List. 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  15. ↑ "10 aquilegias to grow". BBC Gardeners' World Magazine. Retrieved 2021-03-23.

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