Vishwanath Pratap Singh was an Indian politician who served as the prime minister of India from 1989 to 1990 and the Raja Bahadur of Manda.
Janata Dal (United) ("People's Party (United)"),abbreviated as JD(U),is a social-democratic and secularist Indian political party,rooted mainly in eastern and north-eastern India,whose stated goals are promoting social justice and lifting up marginalised people. JD(U) is recognised as a state party in the states of Bihar,where it heads the government,Manipur,where it is part of the government coalition in the legislative assembly,and Arunachal Pradesh. JD(U),as part of the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance,won 12 seats in the 2024 Indian general election,making it the seventh largest party in the Lok Sabha.
Mohd. Ahmad Khan v. Shah Bano Begum [1985],commonly referred to as the Shah Bano case,was a controversial maintenance lawsuit in India,in which the Supreme Court delivered a judgment favouring maintenance given to an aggrieved divorced Muslim woman. Then the Congress government enacted a law with its most controversial aspect being the right to maintenance for the period of iddat after the divorce,and shifting the onus of maintaining her to her relatives or the Waqf Board. It was seen as discriminatory as it denied right to basic maintenance available to Muslim women under secular law.
Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Party was an Indian political party founded in 1984 by the remains of the Lok Dal. The DMKP was mainly based in Uttar Pradesh. It was led by former Prime Minister Charan Singh. It was founded on 21 October 1984. It was merger of Charan Singh's Lok Dal,Democratic Socialist Party of Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna,Rashtriya Congress of Ratubhai Adani and some members of Janata Party like Devi Lal. Later it changed its name to the Lok Dal.
Although India is a parliamentary democracy,the country's politics has become dynastic or with high level of nepotism,possibly due to the absence of party organizations,independent civil-society associations which mobilize support for a party,or centralized financing of elections. The dynastic phenomenon is present at the national,state,regional,and district level. The Nehru–Gandhi family has produced three Indian prime ministers,and family members have largely led the Congress party since 1978. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) also has several dynastic leaders. In addition to the major national parties,other national and regional parties such as Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK),Shiromani Akali Dal,Shiv Sena,Samajwadi Party,Rashtriya Janata Dal,Janata Dal Secular,Jharkhand Mukti Morcha,Kerala Congress,Jammu &Kashmir National Conference,Indian Union Muslim League,AIMIM,and the Nationalist Congress Party are all dominated by families,mostly those of the party founders.
Mohammad Yunus Saleem was an Indian politician,scholar,and lawyer,who was also active in the religious field. He was also a poet who campaigned to make Urdu the second official language. He was also a devout Muslim,who regularly observed Namaz and never missed Roza. The Mohammad Yunus Saleem Memorial Education Trust was established by his son Junaid Abdul Rehman to promote the study of the Quran.
The Jan Morcha was an Indian political party founded by V. P. Singh after he left the Indian National Congress party in 1987 upon being dismissed as Defence Minister by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. Together with Arun Nehru,Arif Mohammed Khan,Mufti Mohammad Sayeed,Vidya Charan Shukla,Ram Dhan,Raj Kumar Rai and Satyapal Malik,Singh formed a nucleus of opposition to the Rajiv Gandhi government that had a commanding majority in the Lok Sabha.
Giridhari Yadav is an Indian politician,Member of Parliament (Loksabha) and member of Janata Dal (United) political party. He represents Banka Lok Sabha Constituency,Bihar.
Vidya Charan Shukla was an Indian politician whose political career spanned six decades. He was predominantly a member of the Indian National Congress,but also had spells in Jan Morcha,Janata Dal,Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya),Nationalist Congress Party and Bharatiya Janata Party. He was known as a close associate of Indira Gandhi.
General elections were held in India on 22 and 26 November 1989 to elect the members of the ninth Lok Sabha. The incumbent Indian National Congress (Indira) government under the premiership of Rajiv Gandhi lost its mandate,even though it was still the largest single party in the Lok Sabha. V. P. Singh,the leader of the second largest party Janata Dal was invited by the President of India to form the government. The government was formed with outside support from the Bharatiya Janata Party and Communist parties led by CPI(M). V. P. Singh was sworn in as the seventh Prime Minister of India on 2 December 1989.
General elections were held in India on 20 May,12 June and 15 June 1991 to elect the members of the 10th Lok Sabha,although they were delayed until 19 February 1992 in Punjab.
The Muslim Women Act was an act passed by the Parliament of India in 1986 to protect the rights of Muslim women who have been divorced from their husband and to provide for related matters. The Act was passed by the Rajiv Gandhi government,with its absolute majority,to nullify the decision in the Shah Bano case,and diluted the secular judgement of the Supreme Court.
Major Nawab Sayyid Zulfikar Ali Khan Bahadur,NH was an Indian politician and an Indian army officer who ruled as Titular Nawab of Rampur from 1982 to 1992,succeeding his elder brother Murtaza Ali Khan Bahadur.
Satya Pal Malik is an Indian politician. Malik served as the 10th and last Governor of the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir,from August 2018 to October 2019,and it was during his tenure that revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir was taken on 5 August 2019. Later,he moved to Goa,becoming the 18th governor,and also served as the 21st Governor of Meghalaya until October 2022.
Syed Shahabuddin was an Indian politician and diplomat from Gaya,Bihar. He began as a diplomat working for the Indian Foreign Service,but later became well known as one of the most articulate Muslim politicians of independent India. He switched careers after the Emergency,at the time when the Congress began its decline and Hindu nationalism first started its ascent to power. He served three terms from 1979-1996 as a member of the Parliament of India. He was known for his leadership of the Muslim opposition to the Shah Bano case and the Demolition of Babri Masjid. He died in March 2017 of long-term asthma,at a hospital near his residence in Delhi,India.
The Aligarh Muslim University Students' Union (AMUSU) is the official Students' Union of the Aligarh Muslim University,Aligarh,India. The Aligarh Muslim University Students' Union is the university-wide representative body for students and is autonomous in nature. It works according to their own constitution,written by Amin A. Bulbuliya. It is primarily responsible for building and preserving a healthy political culture and an atmosphere of open debates on the campus. Students are kept informed about the public meetings,discussions and other issues through pamphlets and notices.
Triple talaq and talaq-e-mughallazah are now-banned means of Islamic divorce previously available to Muslims in India,especially adherents of Hanafi Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence. A Muslim man could legally divorce his wife by proclaiming three times consecutively the word talaq.
The Muslim Women Act,2019 is an Act of the Parliament of India criminalising triple talaq. In August 2017,the Supreme Court of India declared triple talaq,which enables Muslim men to instantly divorce their wives,to be unconstitutional. The minority opinion suggested the Parliament to consider appropriate legislation governing triple talaq in the Muslim community.
Vishwanath Pratap Singh held office for slightly less than a year,from 2 December 1989 to 10 November 1990. After state legislative elections in March 1990,Singh's governing coalition achieved control of both houses of India's parliament. Singh becomes the 7th Prime Minister of India,after the loss of Rajiv Gandhi in the 1989 Indian general election. Singh's newly formed National Front (India) won 143 seats in the Lok Sabha and was supported by Bharatiya Janata Party from outside.
