Amartya Kumar Sen is an Indian economist and philosopher. Sen has taught and worked in England and the United States since 1972. In 1998,Sen received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his contributions to welfare economics. He has also made major scholarly contributions to social choice theory,economic and social justice,economic theories of famines,decision theory,development economics,public health,and the measures of well-being of countries.
Protectionism,sometimes referred to as trade protectionism,is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods,import quotas,and a variety of other government regulations. Proponents argue that protectionist policies shield the producers,businesses,and workers of the import-competing sector in the country from foreign competitors and raise government revenue. Opponents argue that protectionist policies reduce trade,and adversely affect consumers in general as well as the producers and workers in export sectors,both in the country implementing protectionist policies and in the countries against which the protections are implemented.
Jagdish Natwarlal Bhagwati is an Indian-born naturalized American economist and one of the most influential trade theorists of his generation. He is a University Professor of economics and law at Columbia University and a Senior Fellow in International Economics at the Council on Foreign Relations. He has made significant contributions to international trade theory and economic development.
The Lerner symmetry theorem is a result used in international trade theory,which states that an ad valorem import tariff will have the same effects as an export tax. The theorem is based on the observation that the effect on relative prices is the same regardless of which policy is applied.
Raghuram Govind Rajan is an Indian economist and the Katherine Dusak Miller Distinguished Service Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business. Between 2003 and 2006 he was Chief Economist and director of research at the International Monetary Fund. From September 2013 through September 2016 he was the 23rd Governor of the Reserve Bank of India. In 2015,during his tenure at the RBI,he became the Vice-Chairman of the Bank for International Settlements.
Bibek Debroy is an Indian economist,serving as the chairman of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India. He is also the Chairman of the Finance Ministry's 'Expert Committee for Infrastructure Classification and Financing Framework for Amrit Kaal'. Debroy has made significant contributions to game theory,economic theory,income and social inequalities,poverty,law reforms,railway reforms and Indology among others. Bibek Debroy's recent co-authored magnum opus,Inked in India,stands distinguished as the premier comprehensive documentation,capturing the entirety of recognized fountain pen,nib,and ink manufacturers in India.
Since its creation in 1995,the World Trade Organization (WTO) has worked to maintain and develop international trade. As one of the largest international economic organizations,it has strong influence and control over trading rules and agreements,and thus has the ability to affect a country's economy immensely. The WTO policies aim to balance tariffs and other forms of economic protection with a trade liberalization policy,and to "ensure that trade flows as smoothly,predictably and freely as possible". Indeed,the WTO claims that its actions "cut living costs and raise standards,stimulate economic growth and development,help countries develop,[and] give the weak a stronger voice." Statistically speaking,global trade has consistently grown between one and six percent per annum over the past decade,and US$38.8 billion were allocated to Aid for Trade in 2016.
Amir Ullah Khan is a professional economist and professor who works on development issues primarily in the health,education,and agriculture sectors. Prof. Khan has worked for the Ministry of Finance,Government of India and the UNDP at Project LARGE. He is a former Deputy Director and policy advisor to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Prof. Khan writes a regular column for the business news publication livemint.com and for the newspaper etemaaddaily.com He is also a visiting professor at the Indian School of Business and at NALSAR in Hyderabad.
Pravin Krishna is Chung Ju Yung Distinguished Professor of International Economics and Business at the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) and the Department of Economics in the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences at Johns Hopkins University. Krishna holds a Ph.D. in Economics from Columbia University and a B. Tech in Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology,Bombay. He is a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and serves on the editorial board of the Journal of International Economics. Krishna was previously Professor of Economics at Brown University and has held academic appointments at Princeton University,Stanford University and the University of Chicago.
Rakesh Mohan is an Indian economist and former Deputy Governor of Reserve Bank of India. He is the Vice Chairperson of Indian Institute for Human Settlements. He was appointed in November 2012 as an executive director of the IMF for a three-year term,and in April 2010,he joined NestléIndia,as a non-executive director. He is currently a part time member of Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC).
India:The Emerging Giant is a 2008 book by Arvind Panagariya which describes the contemporary state of the economy of India.
Arvind Virmani is an Indian economist and full time Member of NITI Aayog. He was appointed India's representative to the International Monetary Fund in 2009. Prior to that,he was the Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India.
Arvind Subramanian is an Indian economist and the former Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India,having served from 16 October 2014 to 20 June 2018. Subramanian is currently a Senior Fellow at the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at Brown University. He previously served as Professor of Economics at Ashoka University and a Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics and Center for Global Development.
Padma Desai was an Indian-American development economist who was the Gladys and Roland Harriman Professor of comparative economic systems and director of the Center for Transition Economies at Columbia University. Known for her scholarship on Soviet and Indian industrial policy,she was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2009.
The NITI Aayog serves as the apex public policy think tank of the Government of India,and the nodal agency tasked with catalyzing economic development,and fostering cooperative federalism and moving away from bargaining federalism through the involvement of State Governments of India in the economic policy-making process using a bottom-up approach. Its initiatives include "15-year road map","7-year vision,strategy,and action plan",AMRUT,Digital India,Atal Innovation Mission,Medical Education Reform,agriculture reforms,Indices Measuring States’Performance in Health,Education and Water Management,Sub-Group of Chief Ministers on Rationalization of Centrally Sponsored Schemes,Sub-Group of Chief Ministers on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan,Sub-Group of Chief Ministers on Skill Development,Task Forces on Agriculture and up of Poverty,and Transforming India Lecture Series.
Santosh Mehrotra is a development economist,whose research and writings have had most influence in the areas of labour,employment,skill development,on the relationship between human development and economic growth,child poverty,and the economics of education. He was an economic adviser in the United Nations system in New York City,Italy,and Thailand (1991–2006),and technocrat in the government of India (2006–2014),apart from making contributions to academic research since the mid-1980s. He has also in recent years established a reputation as an institution-builder in the field of research in India,despite facing difficult odds. He brings a combination of professional experience:with the Indian government as a policy maker and adviser,with international organisations as a technical expert,having lived on three continents and travelled to 63 countries providing technical advice to governments;and as an academic whose research work has been translated into French,Spanish,Portuguese,Italian and German.
Ashok Gulati is an Indian agricultural economist and a former chairman of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP),the advisory body of the Government of India on food supplies and pricing policies. Gulati was instrumental in the hiking the minimum support price of several food grains. Currently he is Infosys chair professor for Agriculture at Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER). He is also a member of the Task Force on Agriculture set by the prime minister under NITI Aayog and chairman of the Expert Group on Agriculture Market Reforms (2015). He was an active member of the high-level committee set up by the NDA Government to restructure and reorient Food Corporation of India in order to improve its operational and financial efficiency.
Rajiv Kumar is an Indian economist who had served as the second vice-chairman of the NITI Aayog. He also serves as the chancellor of Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics,Pune His earlier stint in government was initially with the Ministry of Industry and subsequently in the Ministry of Finance,as economic advisor during the reform years of 1991-1994. He has wide experience of having worked in government,academia,industry associations,as well as in international financial institutions. He also served as an independent director on the central boards of the Reserve Bank of India and the State Bank of India.
Suman Bery is an Indian economist,academic,and writer who is the Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog. After serving at the World Bank for 28 years,Bery served as the Chief Economist of Oil and Gas supermajor Royal Dutch Shell,based in The Hague,Netherlands. He is a Global Fellow in the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington DC and a Non-resident Fellow of Brussels based think tank Bruegel. He was the former director general of National Council of Applied Economic Research and the former Indian country director of International Growth Centre.
Atmanirbhar Bharat,which translates to 'self-reliant India',is a phrase the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi and his government used and popularised in relation to the country's economic development plans. The phrase is an umbrella concept for the Modi government's plans for India to play a larger role in the world economy,and for it to become more efficient,competitive and resilient.
