Assam Lemon, also known as Nemu Tenga in Assamese, are cultivars of lemon, which are found and cultivated in the Indian state of Assam. [1] [2] The most popular of them are 'Gol Nemu' and 'Kaji Nemu'. These lemons are an important part of Assamese cuisine .These lemon are also famous for their significant smell.
Assam lemons are used for preparing refreshing drinks and pickles as well as garnishing curry and other dishes. [3]
Other citrus from Assam includes Jora Tenga, Bore Tenga, Elaichi Tenga etc. [2]
Gol Nemu is similar to the other lemons found in India. Its botanical name is Citrus jambhiri. [4] It is round but smaller than other varieties and has an aroma. [5] It is sweeter than other lemons and Kaji Nemu. It has lots of medicinal value.When the lemon ripens, its colour changes to yellow and it becomes sweeter.[ citation needed ]
Kaji Nemu is other variety of this lemon and is elongated and oblong compared to others and is also seedless. [6] Its botanical name is Citrus limon and is a GI-certified product. [4] [7] This lemon is generally juicer than Gol Nemu due to its longer size. It is popular in Assam and is associated with Assamese cuisine. It is also found in west bengal known as gondhoraj. It is as generally larger than Gol Nemu and also turns yellow during ripening. [8] [9]
Major producing districts include Dibrugarh, Golaghat, Cachar, Chirang, Nalbari and Dima Hasao. [10]
Name [4] | Kaji nemu | Gol nemu | Jora tenga |
---|---|---|---|
Botanical Name | Citrus limon | Citrus jambhiri | Citrus medica |
Growth Habitat | Bushy spreading | Erect | Erect |
No. of fruits per plant | 150 - 200 | 100 - 120 | 50 - 80 |
Length of fruit (cm) | 7 - 9 | 4 - 5 | 10 - 15 |
Fruit weight (g) | 90 - 100 | 40 - 60 | 120 - 180 |
Peel thickness (cm) | 0.50 - 0.75 | 0.70 - 0.90 | 0.80 - 1.02 |
Juice per fruit (cm3) | 22 - 25 | 16 - 18 | 20 - 23 |
Seeds per fruit | 0 | 5 - 6 | 8 - 10 |
Acid (%) | 3.0 - 3.3 | 2.8 - 3.0 | 2.0 - 2.5 |
No. of segments per fruit | 9 - 12 | 6 - 8 | 11 - 15 |
TSS (0Brix) | 6.35 - 6.38 | 6.20 - 6.50 | 6.50 - 6.90 |
Ascorbic Acid (mg/ml) | 1.50 - 1.65 | 1.20 - 1.45 | 0.90 - 1.10 |
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering.
Citrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. The genus Citrus is native to South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia. Various citrus species have been used and domesticated by indigenous cultures in these areas since ancient times. From there its cultivation spread into Micronesia and Polynesia by the Austronesian expansion ; and to the Middle East and the Mediterranean via the incense trade route, and onwards to Europe and the Americas.
A clementine is a tangor, a citrus fruit hybrid between a willowleaf mandarin orange and a sweet orange, named in honor of Clément Rodier, a French missionary who first discovered and propagated the cultivar in Algeria. The exterior is a deep orange colour with a smooth, glossy appearance. Clementines can be separated into 7 to 14 segments. Similar to tangerines, they tend to be easy to peel. They are typically juicy and sweet, with less acid than oranges. Their oils, like other citrus fruits, contain mostly limonene as well as myrcene, linalool, α-pinene and many complex aromatics.
The mandarin orange, also known as mandarin or mandarine, is a small, rounded citrus tree grape. Treated as a distinct species of orange, it is usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. Tangerines are a group of orange-coloured citrus fruit consisting of hybrids of mandarin orange with some pomelo contribution.
Citrus hystrix, called the kaffir lime or makrut lime, is a citrus fruit native to tropical Southeast Asia.
A lime is a citrus fruit, which is typically round, green in color, 3–6 centimetres (1.2–2.4 in) in diameter, and contains acidic juice vesicles.
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Persian lime, also known by other common names such as seedless lime, Bearss lime and Tahiti lime, is a citrus fruit species of hybrid origin, known only in cultivation. The Persian lime is a triploid cross between Key lime and lemon.
Assamese cuisine is the cuisine of the Indian state of Assam. It is a style of cooking that is a confluence of cooking habits of the hills that favour fermentation and drying as forms of preservation and those from the plains that provide extremely wide variety of fresh vegetables and greens, and an abundance of fish and meat. Both are centred on the main ingredient — rice. It is a mixture of different indigenous styles with considerable regional variations and some external influences. The traditional way of cooking and the cuisine of Assam is very similar to South-East Asian countries such as Thailand, Burma (Myanmar) and others. The cuisine is characterized by very little use of spices, little cooking over fire, and strong flavours due mainly to the use of endemic exotic fruits and vegetables that are either fresh, dried or fermented. Fish is widely used, and birds like duck, pigeon, squab, etc. are very popular, which are often paired with a main vegetable or ingredient; beef used to be eaten before British colonialism, and some continue to do so. Preparations are rarely elaborate. The practice of bhuna, the gentle frying of spices before the addition of the main ingredients so common in Indian cooking, is absent in the cuisine of Assam. The preferred oil for cooking is the pungent mustard oil.
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An orange is a fruit of various citrus species in the family Rutaceae ; it primarily refers to Citrus × sinensis, which is also called sweet orange, to distinguish it from the related Citrus × aurantium, referred to as bitter orange. The sweet orange reproduces asexually ; varieties of the sweet orange arise through mutations.
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The lemon is a species of small evergreen tree in the flowering plant family Rutaceae, native to Asia, primarily Northeast India (Assam), Northern Myanmar, or China.
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