Three European Union schemes of geographical indications and traditional specialties, known as protected designation of origin (PDO), protected geographical indication (PGI), and traditional speciality guaranteed (TSG), promote and protect names of agricultural products and foodstuffs. Products registered under one of the three schemes may be marked with the logo for that scheme to help identify those products. The schemes are based on the legal framework provided by the EU Regulation No 1151/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 on quality schemes for agricultural products and foodstuffs. This regulation applies within the EU as well as in Northern Ireland. Protection of the registered products is gradually expanded internationally via bilateral agreements between the EU and non-EU countries. It ensures that only products genuinely originating in that region are allowed to be identified as such in commerce. The legislation first came into force in 1992. The purpose of the law is to protect the reputation of the regional foods, promote rural and agricultural activity, help producers obtain a premium price for their authentic products, and eliminate the unfair competition and misleading of consumers by non-genuine products, which may be of inferior quality or of different flavour. Critics argue that many of the names, sought for protection by the EU, have become commonplace in trade and should not be protected.
Industrial property is one of two subsets of intellectual property, it takes a range of forms, including patents for inventions, industrial designs, trademarks, service marks, layout-designs of integrated circuits, commercial names and designations, geographical indications and protection against unfair competition. In some cases, aspects of intellectual creation, although present, are less clearly defined. The object of industrial property consists of signs conveying information, in particular to consumers, regarding products and services offered on the market. Protection is directed against unauthorized use of such signs that could mislead consumers, and against misleading practices in general.
Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have been acknowledged and protected in China since 1980. China has acceded to the major international conventions on protection of rights to intellectual property. Domestically, protection of intellectual property law has also been established by government legislation, administrative regulations, and decrees in the areas of trademark, copyright, and patent.
A geographical indication (GI) is a name or sign used on products which corresponds to a specific geographical location or origin. The use of a geographical indication, as an indication of the product's source, is intended as a certification that the product possesses certain qualities, is made according to traditional methods, or enjoys a good reputation due to its geographical origin.
The Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks(CGPDTM) generally known as the Indian Patent Office, is an agency under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade which administers the Indian law of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks.
Banganapalle mangoes is a mango variety produced in Banganapalle of Nandyal District in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It alone occupies 70% percent of total mango cultivable area of the state and was first introduced by the farmers of Banaganapalli. It was registered as one of the geographical indication from Andhra Pradesh on 3 May 2017, under horticultural products by Geographical Indication Registry. It is also grown in the other parts of India and Pakistan. The fruit is described as obliquely oval in shape, around 20cm in length, with yellow flesh and a thin, smooth yellow skin. The flesh is of a firm, meaty texture and is sweet and lacks fibre. The cultivar is the most sought after in Andhra Pradesh. It is a very late-season variety that is good for canning. This cultivar is a source of vitamin A & C and is also called king of Mangoes.
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international legal agreement between all the member nations of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It establishes minimum standards for the regulation by national governments of different forms of intellectual property (IP) as applied to nationals of other WTO member nations. TRIPS was negotiated at the end of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) between 1989 and 1990 and is administered by the WTO.
Bankura horse is the terracotta horse, produced in Panchmura village in Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It has been praised for “its elegant stance and unique abstraction of basic values.” Originally used for village rituals, it now adorns drawing rooms around the world as symbols of Indian folk-art. It is the logo of All India Handicrafts.
Iran is a member of the WIPO since 2001 and has acceded to several WIPO intellectual property treaties. Iran joined the Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property in 1959. In December 2003 Iran became a party to the Madrid Agreement and the Madrid Protocol for the International Registration of Marks. In 2005 Iran joined the Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration, which ensures the protection of geographical names associated with products. As at February 2008 Iran had yet to accede to The Hague Agreement for the Protection of Industrial Designs.
Garcinia indica, a plant in the mangosteen family (Clusiaceae), commonly known as kokum, is a fruit-bearing tree that has culinary, pharmaceutical, and industrial uses. It grows primarily in India's Western Ghats: in the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Kerala.
Bikaneri bhujia, often simply called bhujia, is a crispy snack prepared by using moth bean flour, gram flour and spices, originating from Bikaner, a city in the western state of Rajasthan in India. It is light yellow in colour. Bhujia has become not just a characteristic product of Bikaner, but also a generic name.
Sanjai Gandhi is an attorney at law specializing at intellectual property rights. Gandhi had been instrumental in getting protection under Geographical Indication Act, 1999 for more than 15 Geographical indications (GI) for the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The products for which IPR attorney Sanjai Gandhi has obtained GI protection are: Kancheepuram Silk Sarees, Bhavani Jamakkalam (bedsheet), Madurai Sungudi Saree, Salem White Silk, Kovai Cora Cotton, Arani Sari, Thanjavur Paintings, Thanjavur Dancing Doll, Ethomozhi Tall Coconut of Kanyakumari district and Tangaliya Shawl of Gujarat, Thanjavur Veenai, Mahabalipuram Stone Sculpture, Thirubuvanam Silk Sarees, Dindigul Locks, Srivilliputtur Palkova, Kandangi Saree, Arumbavur Wood Carving, and Thanjavur Pith Work.
The Geographical Indications of Goods Act, 1999 is a sui generis Act of the Parliament of India for protection of geographical indications in India. India, as a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), enacted the Act to comply with the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. The GI tag ensures that only those registered as authorised users are allowed to use the popular product name. Darjeeling tea became the first GI tagged product in India, in 2004–05, since then 370 goods had been added to the list as of August 2020.
Bobbili veena is a large plucked string instrument used in Carnatic classical music. The Veena is named after Bobbili, a place where it was invented. In 2011 the musical instrument got a Geographical Indication tag from the Government of India.
Kashmir walnut wood carving is wood carving work that is manufactured in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Walnut carving is protected under the geographical indication (GI) of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement. It is listed at item 182 as "Kashmir Walnut Wood Carving" of the GI Act 1999 of the Government of India with registration confirmed by the Controller General of Patents Designs and Trademarks.
Mihidana is an Indian sweet from Burdwan, West Bengal, India. Mihidana, described as the micro cousin of the traditional Boondi, is derived from two words, Mihi meaning fine, and Dana, meaning grain.
A Kasaragod saree is a type of traditional cotton sari made by weavers belonging to the Saliya community in the Kasaragod district of Kerala. They are handmade and durable. They are distinct from the traditional Kerala sari and exhibit influences of neighboring Karavali styles.
Geographical Indications in Singapore are a form of intellectual property consisting of an "indication used in trade to identify goods as originating from a place", provided that "a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the goods is essentially attributable to that place". Geographical indications originating from any member of the Paris Convention or the WTO can be registered. As of August 2021, 142 Indications have been registered. Geographical indications are registered for a renewable term of 10 years.
Geographical Indications in Indonesia are a form of intellectual property consisting of an "indication which identifies goods and/or a product as originating from a particular region of which its geographical environment factors including nature, labor, or combination of both factors are attributable to a given reputation, quality, and characteristics of the produced goods and/or product". Geographical indications can be registered based on the Law on Marks and Geographical Indications Foreign geographical indications can only be registered if they are recognised or registered there. As of August 2021, 93 Indications have been registered.
Sundarban Honey is a honey from the Sundarbans, which is collected and processed in the South 24 Parganas and North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India and Khulna, Satkhira and Bagerhat districts of Bangladesh. Since 2024, the Sundarban Honey has been a registered Geographical indication referring to the product collected and produced from the Sundarbans within South 24 Parganas and North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal. The honey is golden in color, although red or dark brown honey is also available. This honey is collected by bees from the flowers of various plants within the Sundarbans and stored in the hive; moules or moulis (beekeeper) collect honey directly from deep forest of the Sundarbans.
