Citrus limetta

Citrus limetta
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Sapindales
Family:	Rutaceae
Genus:	Citrus
Species:	C. limetta
Binomial name
Citrus limetta Risso

Citrus limetta, alternatively considered to be a cultivar of Citrus limon , C. limon 'Limetta', ^[1] is a species of citrus , commonly known as mousami, musami, mosambi, sweet lime, sweet lemon, and sweet limetta, it is a member of the sweet lemons. It is small and round like a common lime in shape. ^[2] It is a cross between the citron (Citrus medica) and a bitter orange (Citrus × aurantium). ^[3]

It is native to southern regions of Iran ^{[4] [ better source needed ]} and also cultivated in the Mediterranean Basin. It is a different fruit from the Palestinian sweet lime ^[5] and from familiar sour limes such as the Key lime and the Persian lime. However, genomic analysis revealed it to be highly similar to the Rhobs el Arsa, and the two likely represent progeny of distinct crosses of the same citrus parents. ^[3]

The South Asian cultivars originated in Mozambique and were brought to South Asia by the Portuguese. The common name musambi and its variants trace their origin to Mozambique. ^{[6] [7]}

Names

• In Iran it is called limu shirin (لیمو شیرین, meaning 'sweet lemon' in Persian).
• In India, it is commonly called mausambi, mosambi, or musambi in Hindi (मौसंबी or मुसंबी), ^[8] mausami (𑂧𑂇𑂮𑂧𑂲) in Bhojpuri, musammi (ਮੁਸੰਮੀ) in Punjabi, mosambi (मोसंबी) in Marathi, moushumi or mushumbi lebu (মৌসুমী বা মুসুম্বি লেবু) in Bengali, satukudi or satukodi (சாத்துக்குடி) in Tamil, musambi (ಮೂಸಂಬಿ) in Kannada, battayi (బత్తాయి) in Telugu, chinikaya (చీనీకాయ) in Rayalaseema, and musambi (മുസംബി) in Malayalam.
• In Bangladesh, it is called musambi or mosambi (মুসম্বি/মোসাম্বি, in Bengali).
• In Nepali, it is called mausam.
• In Pakistan, usually, it is called meetha (میٹھا) in Urdu and mitha (مٹھا) in Punjabi.
• In the Sindh, it is known as mosami.
• Among Iraqi Armenians, it is called noumi (նումի).
• In France, it is sometimes called bergamot; it should not be confused with Citrus bergamia , the bergamot orange.
• In the Dominican Republic, it is called limón dulce, lima dulce, dulce limeta, or limettioides dulces, because of this sweetness in these two citrus fruits. ^[9]
• In the Yucatán, it is called "lima". This commonly causes confusion, with dishes such as Sopa de lima being translated as "lime soup". The word for sour lime in the Yucatan is limón. ^[10]

Description

The limetta (lemetjie), Mosambi cultivar, at a market in Seethammadhara.

Mosambi (sweet lime) juice is a popular citrus drink in India

C. limetta is a small tree up to 8 m (26 ft) in height, with irregular branches and relatively smooth, brownish-grey bark. It has numerous thorns, 15–75 mm (0.59–2.95 in) long. The petioles are narrowly but distinctly winged, and are 8–29 mm (0.31–1.14 in) long. Leaves are compound, with acuminate leaflets 50–170 mm (2.0–6.7 in) long and 28–89 mm (1.1–3.5 in) wide. Flowers are white, 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) wide. Fruits are oval and green, ripening to yellow, with greenish pulp. The pith is white and about 5 mm (0.20 in) thick. Despite the name sweet lime, the fruit is more similar to a greenish orange in appearance.

'Millsweet' cultivar of limetta in growth.

Moushumi or mushumbi lebu in West Bengal, India.

C. limetta grows in tropical and subtropical climates. It begins bearing fruit at 5 to 7 years old, with peak production at 10 to 20 years. It is propagated by seed.

Flavour

Freshly pressed sweet lime juice as served in the Indian subcontinent

As the name sweet lime suggests, the flavour is sweet and mild, but retains the essence of lime. The lime's taste changes rapidly in contact with air, and will turn bitter in few minutes,^{[ citation needed ]} but if drunk soon after being juiced, the taste is sweet. The flavour is a bit flatter than most citrus due to its lack of acidity. It can be compared to limeade and pomelo.

Uses

Sweet lime is served as juice and is good as a mixer for vodka or rum. It is the most common available citrus juice in the Indian subcontinent. The juice is commonly sold at mobile road stalls.

Like most citrus, the fruit is rich in vitamin C, providing 50 mg per 100 g serving and antioxidants. ^[11] In Iran it is popular as a house remedy to treat influenza and the common cold.

The tree is used for ornamental purposes as well as for graft stock. ^[12]

Sweet Lime

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy	180 kJ (43 kcal)
Carbohydrates	9.3 g
Sugars	1.7g
Dietary fibre	0.5 g
Fat	0.3 g
Protein	0.7-0.8 g
Vitamins and minerals Vitamins Quantity %DV† Vitamin C 56% 50 mg Minerals Quantity %DV† Calcium 3% 40 mg Iron 4% 0.7 mg Phosphorus 2% 30 mg Potassium 16% 490 mg
Other constituents	Quantity
Water	88 g
†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults, [13] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies [14]

Checking for ripeness

Like most citrus , sweet limes will not ripen off the tree, and must be picked when fully ripe. This is indicated by its tennis ball size and lustrous greenish yellow sheen. Gently scratch the surface of a sweet lime: If its oils give way in the fingernails, it is ripe. The juiciest fruits feel heavy for their size.

Underripe fruit feels light for its size, and is hard with tart flesh. Overripe fruit is dull and shrunken, with dry, spongy skin. Avoid fruit with brownish-yellow discoloration. ^[15]

Storage

Sweet limes keep fresh for up to two weeks at room temperature, and four to eight weeks refrigerated. Frozen juice will keep for up to six months. It is possible to freeze slices of the fruit, though the limonin content may cause the pulp to taste bitter over time. This can be avoided by submerging the slices in sweet syrup within an airtight glass jar.

References

1. Porcher, Michel H.; et al. (1995). "Sorting Citrus Names". Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (M.M.P.N.D). The University of Melbourne.
2. "Citrus Limetta Shape of Fruit". Archived from the original on 2023-02-02. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
3. Curk, Franck; Ollitrault, Frédérique; Garcia-Lor, Andres; Luro, François; Navarro, Luis; Ollitrault, Patrick (2016). "Phylogenetic origin of limes and lemons revealed by cytoplasmic and nuclear markers". Annals of Botany. 11 (4): 565–583. doi:10.1093/aob/mcw005. PMC   4817432 . PMID   26944784.
4. http://www.specialtyproduce.com/produce/Persian_Sweet_Lemons_10194.php, "Persian Sweet lemons are believed to be native to southern regions of Iran".
5. Palestine Archived 2019-07-26 at the Wayback Machine at Citrus Variety Collection Website, Volume I Archived 2012-02-05 at the Wayback Machine See heading: Indian (Palestine)
6. Masica, Colin P. (1979), Deshpande, Madhav M.; Hook, Peter Edwin (eds.), "Aryan and Non-Aryan Elements in North Indian Agriculture", Aryan and Non-Aryan in India, University of Michigan Press, p. 91, doi: 10.3998/mpub.19419 , ISBN   978-0-89148-045-7, JSTOR   10.3998/mpub.19419
7. Cheema, G. S.; Bhat, S. S. (1934). "A Study of the Citrus Varieties of the Bombay Presidency". Current Science. 2 (8): 298–304. ISSN   0011-3891. JSTOR   24203386.
8. "Indian Drink – Sharbat Recipes – 2/3 – Indian food recipes – Food and cooking blog". Indian food recipes – Food and cooking blog.
9. What is a Bergamot? David Lebovitz. March 6, 2011. “According to the University of California horticultural website, Citrus limetta Risso (or what are called bergamots in France) ‘are sometimes incorrectly referred to as bergamots.’ ”
10. Sterling, D. (2014). Yucatán: Recipes from a Culinary Expedition. University of Texas Press.
11. Gopalan, C.; Rama Sastri, B. V.; Balasubramanian, S. C. (1989). "Nutritive Value of Indian Foods". google.co.in.
12. "Results of your search: Citrus limetta". ars-grin.gov. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
13. United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
14. "TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN   978-0-309-48834-1. PMID   30844154. NCBI   NBK545428.
15. Catherine Reddy. "The Earth of India: All About Sweet Lime (Mosambi)". theindianvegan.blogspot.in. Archived from the original on 2015-11-14. Retrieved 2013-12-10.