Citrus glauca

Last updated

Citrus glauca
Citrus glauca fruit.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Rutaceae
Genus: Citrus
Species:
C. glauca
Binomial name
Citrus glauca
Synonyms [1]
Citrus glauca in the wild Citrus glauca habit.jpg
Citrus glauca in the wild

Citrus glauca, commonly known as the desert lime, is a thorny shrub or small tree native to Queensland, New South Wales, and South Australia. [2] [3] The 1889 book The Useful Native Plants of Australia records the common names native kumquat and desert lemon. [4]

Contents

Taxonomy

Under the Swingle system, the desert lime was classified in the genus Eremocitrus, a close relative of the genus Citrus . More recent taxonomy considers all the Australian limes to be included in the genus Citrus, and most authorities treat the desert lime this way. Citrus glauca is one of the most resilient Citrus species, and is comparatively heat, drought, and cold tolerant. Hence the species is potentially important for Citrus breeding programs, and readily hybridises with many common Citrus species. [5]

Australian limes [6]

Description

A shrub or small tree to 12 metres (39 ft), it has several unusual characteristics. It is cold, heat, drought and salinity tolerant and considered to be evergreen. If the rains should fail, it will shed its leaves and survive by the green bark on its branches. It will set fruit almost immediately after flowering and is the earliest citrus to do so. Fruit is small and variable and depends on current climatic conditions and genetic make-up. Thorns appear on low-growing branches to prevent grazing by rabbits, kangaroos, cattle, etc., but cease on branches above the grazing level.[ citation needed ] The fruit is globular, and about half-an-inch in diameter. [4] The limes have an intense piquant flavour, and years of good rainfall produce an abundance of fruit.[ citation needed ]

Economic uses

The desert lime fruit is a highly prized bushfood. Traditionally, it is wild-harvested from surviving bushland areas, where it is relatively common. However, C. glauca has also been extensively cleared from some areas due to the ongoing conversion of the wild bush into agricultural fields. [7] [8] The fruit are used in a range of products, including marmalades, beverages, and succade. It has a strong lime-like flavour. [9] [4]

The fruit is beginning to be domesticated. Commercial cultivation of this fruit is beginning to reduce the reliance on wild-harvested product. [7] [8]

Cultivar

The Australian Outback lime, a selected cultivar CSIRO ScienceImage 3400 The Australian Outback Lime.jpg
The Australian Outback lime, a selected cultivar

The Australian Outback lime was selected by CSIRO scientists from the regular desert lime. It is characterised by its upright habit, relatively large, flavoursome fruit, high yield, uniform ripening time, lack of thorns, and suitability for mechanical harvesting. The Australian Outback lime was cultivated at the former CSIRO Plant Industry site at Merbein, Victoria by Steve Sykes. [10]

Hybrids

The eremolemon, a hybrid with Citrus meyeri Eremolemon2.jpg
The eremolemon, a hybrid with Citrus meyeri

The eremolemon is thought to be a natural true-breeding hybrid between Citrus glauca and Citrus meyeri . [5] Citrus plants hybridise readily, other hybrids include eremoranges, eremoradias (hybrid with a sour orange) and citrangeremos (hybrid with a citrange). [11]

Notes

  1. "Citrus glauca (Lindl.) Burkill — The Plant List" . Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  2. Burkill, Isaac Henry. 1932. Gardens' Bulletin, Straits Settlements 5 (Index): 3. Citrus glauca.
  3. Citrus pages, Native Australian Citrus, Citrus glauca Archived 2014-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
  4. 1 2 3 J. H. Maiden (1889). The useful native plants of Australia : Including Tasmania. Turner and Henderson, Sydney.
  5. 1 2 It grows quickly and tolerates saline soil.Jorma Koskinen and Sylvain Jousse. "Native varieties from Australia and New Guinea / Eremolemon". Citrus Pages. Archived from the original on 11 July 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  6. Jorma Koskinen and Sylvain Jousse. "Citrus Pages / Native Australian varieties". free.fr. Archived from the original on 2015-07-11.
  7. 1 2 Cherikoff, Vic, The Bushfood Handbook, ISBN   0-646-15496-6.
  8. 1 2 Low, Tim, Wild Food Plants of Australia, ISBN   0-207-14383-8.
  9. Cherikoff, Vic, Uniquely Australian, ISBN   0-646-07470-9.
  10. "The Australian Outback Lime". CSIRO Science Image. Archived from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  11. Jorma Koskinen and Sylvain Jousse. "Native varieties from Australia and New Guinea / The citrus types previously known as Eremocitrus". Citrus Pages. Archived from the original on 11 July 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2020.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lime (fruit)</span> Citrus fruit

A lime is a citrus fruit, which is typically round, green in color, 3–6 centimetres (1.2–2.4 in) in diameter, and contains acidic juice vesicles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Australian lime</span> Lime cultivar

Australian limes are species of the plant genus Citrus that are native to Australia and Papua New Guinea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bush tucker</span> Food used as sustenance by Indigenous Australians

Bush tucker, also called bush food, is any food native to Australia and historically eaten by Indigenous Australians, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, but it can also describe any native flora, fauna, or funga used for culinary or medicinal purposes, regardless of the continent or culture. Animal native foods include kangaroo, emu, witchetty grubs and crocodile, and plant foods include fruits such as quandong, kutjera, spices such as lemon myrtle and vegetables such as warrigal greens and various native yams.

<i>Davidsonia</i> Genus of rainforest trees

Davidsonia is a genus containing three rainforest tree species native to Australia, commonly known as the Davidson plum or Davidson's plum. The fruits superficially resemble the European plum, but are not closely related. All species have an edible sour fruit with burgundy-coloured flesh and are highly regarded as gourmet bushfood.

<i>Citrus australasica</i> Citrus fruit

Citrus australasica, the Australian finger lime or caviar lime, is a thorny understorey shrub or small tree of lowland subtropical rainforest and rainforest in the coastal border region of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia.

<i>Syzygium luehmannii</i> Species of tree

Syzygium luehmannii is a medium-sized coastal rainforest tree native to Australia. Common names include riberry, small leaved lilly pilly, cherry satinash, cherry alder, or clove lilli pilli.

Vic Cherikoff is regarded as an authority on Australian native foods and its associated industry, having been involved in the selection and commercialization of many of the 35 or so indigenous Australian plant foods now in the market place.

The modern Australian native food industry, also called the bushfood industry, had its initial beginnings in the 1970s and early 1980s, when regional enthusiasts and researchers started to target local native species for use as food. Indigenous Australians had been harvesting many species for use as food and medicines for millennia. In the mid 1970s Brian Powell recognised the commercial potential of quangdong fruit and began its cultivation in orchards. Following this, the CSIRO became involved in quangdong research.

<i>Citrus australis</i> Species of shrub

Citrus australis, the Dooja, round lime, Australian lime or Australian round lime, is a large shrub or small tree producing an edible fruit. It grows in forest margins in the Beenleigh area and northwards, in Queensland, Australia.

Clymenia is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Rutaceae with two species. The genus is often included in Citrus.

<i>Citrus garrawayi</i> Species of tree

Citrus garrawayi, the Mount White lime, is a tree native to the Cape York region of northern Queensland in Australia. It is an understory tree in tropical rainforests.

<i>Citrus inodora</i> Species of tree

Citrus inodora or Microcitrus inodora, commonly known as Russell River lime or large leaf Australian wild lime, is a tree native to the Bellenden-Ker Range in northern Queensland, Australia.

Citrus wintersii, the Brown River finger lime, is a shrub native to the Brown River region in Papua-New Guinea. It was previously known as Microcitrus papuana. It has, as the "finger" name suggests, a small, thin fruit, pointed at both ends. It grows near Port Moresby.

Citrus warburgiana. the kakamadu or New Guinea wild lime, grows on the south coast of the Papuan Peninsula near Alotau in Papua-New Guinea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lumia (citrus)</span> Citrus hybrid

The lumia is also called the pear lemon, since its shape resembles a pear. It is also called French lime and sometimes sweet lemon, even though it is not necessarily sweet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Citrus taxonomy</span> Botanical classification of the genus Citrus

Citrus taxonomy refers to the botanical classification of the species, varieties, cultivars, and graft hybrids within the genus Citrus and related genera, found in cultivation and in the wild.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalpi (fruit)</span> Citrus fruit and plant

Kalpi is a natural citrus hybrid native to Philippines and is today one of the most common lemons in Hawaii, and is sometimes called 'Malayan lemon'.

Citrus longispina is an unusual sweet lime-like citrus that has been classed as a papeda.

'Encore' mandarin is a citrus cultivar.

References