Bois Blanc Island Lighthouse and Blockhouse

Last updated

Bois Blanc Island Lighthouse
Bois cropped (1).jpg
Circa 1919
Bois Blanc Island Lighthouse and Blockhouse
Location Amherstburg, Canada OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Coordinates 42°05′13″N83°7′10″W / 42.08694°N 83.11944°W / 42.08694; -83.11944
Tower
Constructed1836 (1836)
Construction Limestone and rubble tower
Height40 feet (12 m)
Shapetapered cylindrical tower
Heritageheritage lighthouse, recognized federal heritage building of Canada  OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Light
Deactivated1950s
Official nameBois Blanc Island Lighthouse and Blockhouse National Historic Site of Canada
Designated10 May 1955
Bois Blanc Blockhouse
Bois Blanc Blockhouse, 1893.jpg
One of three blockhouses in 1893
Bois Blanc Island Lighthouse and Blockhouse
General information
Type Blockhouse
Location Bois Blanc Island
Town or city Amherstburg
Country Canada
Renovated2012–2014
OwnerDominic Amicone
Technical details
Floor count2

The Bois Blanc Island Lighthouse and Blockhouse is a National Historic Site of Canada located in Ontario on Bois Blanc Island, [upper-alpha 1] one of the islands in the Detroit River. It consists of a lighthouse, owned by Parks Canada, and a blockhouse, which is privately owned.

Contents

Lighthouse

The lighthouse is a white stone tower, located at the south end of Bois Blanc Island near the mouth of the Detroit River where it opens into Lake Erie. [2] It was built by the government of Upper Canada in 1836, in the style of an imperial tower common from the 1830s to the 1860s. [3] Its purpose was to improve naval safety in Lake Erie, on which greater navigation was occurring because of the 1829 completion of the Welland Canal. [3] [1] The Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada appointed a group of commissioners, to whom a design with specifications were submitted. [3] Although it is not known who designed the lighthouse, a local legend holds that it was Amherstburg engineer Andrew Kemp, a member of the civil branch of the Royal Engineers. [3] The construction contract was awarded to John Cook of Detroit. [3]

The limestone tower was built consistent with imperial tower designs of its era as a tapered circular tower with a rubble-stone core and rubble-stone finish. [3] The diameter at its base is 18 feet (5.5 m), and it reaches a height of 40 feet (12 m). [3] The cornice consists of stepped corbelling, and three windows are installed at varying heights of the building. [3] The limestone used in the tower's construction may have come from Kingston aboard a ship, on which it was used as ballast. [3]

Blockhouse

The blockhouse was the last of three built on the island, [4] erected in 1838 [5] as part of a defensive system for Fort Malden. [6] It is located near the lighthouse, on the south side of Bois Blanc Island. [7] The original structure was built of square-cut logs from white oak, with gun slits on each wall. [7] The upper floor housed the sleeping quarters, and had machicolations in the floor. [7] Storage shelters were built underground, one for gun powder and the other for food. [7]

In Blockhouses in Canada, 1749–1841: A Comparative Report and Catalogue, Richard J. Young states that the blockhouse and battery on Bois Blanc Island is "ridiculous in the extreme" since it would not prevent or mitigate enemy incursions. [8]

On display in the building are artefacts recovered during excavations in and near the building. [7]

Renovation

The blockhouse in 2010, before restoration work was started. Bois Blanc Island Blockhouse.jpg
The blockhouse in 2010, before restoration work was started.

By 2010, the derelict building was missing the upper floor and staircase, the walls were on the verge of collapsing, and the roof was caving in. [7] The private owner of the building has stated he intends to turn it over to Parks Canada once a restoration is complete. [7] With his permission, several volunteers began restoring the building. [7] [9]

The structure was raised about 18 inches (46 cm) with the construction of a concrete foundation. [7] A log floor was built under the structure, and was covered with rough-cut pine floors. [7] A thick door with iron fittings was installed. [7]

In 2013, residents of the island raised $5,000 that, along with other private donations, paid for the cost to install a cedar shake roof. [7]

Twentieth and twenty-first century

Circa 2009 Bois Blanc Island Lighthouse by Vicki McKay - crop.jpg
Circa 2009

The original lantern was a catoptric device, and was upgraded a number of times until the 1950s. [3] It was destroyed by fire in 1954, and the lantern room was replaced by a steel frame. [2] The lighthouse was decommissioned in the late 1950s, [3] and in 1961, it became property of Parks Canada, which removed the steel frame in the 1970s, and also restored the door and fan light. [2] These were destroyed by vandals, so the entrance was blocked with stone rubble. [2]

For almost 90 years, the head Lighthouse keeper was a member of the Hackett family: James (1836–1870), Andrew (1870–1901), Agnes (1901–1910), and Charles R. Hackett (1910–1924). [upper-alpha 2] In 2015, it was among 74 lighthouses to be protected under the Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act, [2] and among 42 lighthouses owned by Parks Canada. [2]

National Historic Site of Canada

In 1955, Bois Blanc Island Lighthouse and Blockhouse was designated a National Historic Site of Canada. [6] The factors that led to its designation include its proximity to the National Historic Site of Fort Malden, for which the blockhouses formed part of its defence, and for being site of a failed attack by "Canadian rebels and their American sympathizers" in January 1838. [6] [11] Although the tower is closed, the site is open. [1]

See also

Notes

  1. Commonly called Boblo Island. "Boblo" is an English corruption of the French "Bois Blanc" (white wood), stemming from the island's birch trees [1]
  2. "Lieutenant-Governor Francis Bond Head officially appointed Hackett keeper shortly after he began taking care of the light, and two stories persist about how this appointment came about. In one, Mary Hackett, with twin babes in arms, visited the Lieutenant-Governor and successfully petitioned for the position. According to another legend, Mary Hackett passed the Lieutenant-Governor with the family's Newfoundland dog Sailor, and so taken was Bond Head with the dog that he asked to buy it. Mary refused to sell the family pet but said she would trade it in exchange for the position of lighthouse keeper for her husband. These stories may not be true, but the Hacketts did name a son, born at the lighthouse in 1842, Francis Bond Head Hackett in honor of the Lieutenant-Governor." [3] [10]

Citations

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amherstburg</span> Town in Ontario, Canada

Amherstburg is a town near the mouth of the Detroit River in Essex County, Ontario, Canada. In 1796, Fort Malden was established here, stimulating growth in the settlement. The fort has been designated as a National Historic Site.

Bois Blanc may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Point Iroquois Light</span> Lighthouse in Michigan, United States

Point Iroquois Light is a lighthouse on a Chippewa County bluff in the U.S. state of Michigan. Point Iroquois and its light mark the division line between Whitefish Bay and the western end of the St. Marys River, the connection between Lake Superior and other Great Lakes.

SS <i>Columbia</i> (1902 steamboat) Excursion steamer

SS Columbia is the last remaining excursion steamship from the turn of the 20th century in existence, the second to last being her running mate and sister ship SS Ste. Claire which burned in 2018. Both were designed by Frank E. Kirby and Louis O. Keil, interior designer. Columbia was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1992. As of 2019, the vessel is docked at Silo City in Buffalo, New York while work is being done to rehabilitate it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bois Blanc Island (Ontario)</span> Island in Ontario, Canada

Bois Blanc Island, commonly called Boblo Island, is an island in the Detroit River on the Canadian side of the border and is part of Amherstburg, Ontario. The island is about 4.0 kilometres (2.5 mi) long, 0.80 km (0.5 mi) wide and 110 hectares in size.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bois Blanc Island (Michigan)</span> Island in Lake Huron, Mackinac County, Michigan, US

Bois Blanc Island is an island in Lake Huron within Bois Blanc Township, Mackinac County, Michigan. The island covers about 34 sq mi (88 km2) and is about 12 miles (19 km) long, 6 miles (9.6 km) wide and has 6 lakes. It lies southeast of Mackinac Island and almost due north of the city of Cheboygan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fisgard Lighthouse National Historic Site</span> Lighthouse

Fisgard Lighthouse National Historic Site, on Fisgard Island at the mouth of Esquimalt Harbour in Colwood, British Columbia, is the site of Fisgard Lighthouse, the first lighthouse on the west coast of Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Old Mackinac Point Light</span> Lighthouse in Michigan, United States

Old Mackinac Point Light is a deactivated lighthouse located at the northern tip of the Lower Peninsula in the U.S. state of Michigan. The lighthouse is part of Fort Michilimackinac State Park in the village of Mackinaw City just east of the Mackinac Bridge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fort Mississauga</span>

Fort Mississauga National Historic Site is a fort on the shore of Lake Ontario, at the mouth of the Niagara River in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada. The fort today consists of a box–shaped brick tower and historic star–shaped earthworks. The all–brick fort was built from 1814–1816 during the War of 1812, to replace nearby Fort George. It was built on a foundation of brick and stone salvaged from rubble left after retreating United States forces burned the nearby town of Newark in December, 1813. It would help in the defence of Upper Canada the following year, as part of a regional network that included Fort George, Navy Hall, and Butler's Barracks. However, the fort would not be completed until after the war.

SS <i>Ste. Claire</i> Steamship

SS Ste. Claire is a steamer located in Detroit, Michigan. Built in 1910, she was one of the last propeller-driven excursion steamers to be operated on the Great Lakes. She was declared a US National Historic Landmark in 1992. In 2018, a devastating fire destroyed the upper decks, leaving only the steel structure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bois Blanc Light</span> Lighthouse in Michigan, United States

Bois Blanc Light can refer to one of five lighthouses erected on Bois Blanc Island, Michigan, in Lake Huron. Two of the lighthouses are currently standing. The lighthouse and surrounding property are privately owned and closed to the public.

Bois Blanc Lighthouse may refer to

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Point Clark Lighthouse</span> Lighthouse

Point Clark Lighthouse is located on in a beach community, Point Clark, Ontario, near a point that protrudes into Lake Huron. Built between 1855 and 1859 under the instructions of the Board of Works, Canada West, it is one of the few on the Great Lakes to be made primarily from stone. It is one of the Imperial Towers, a group of six nearly identical towers built by contractor John Brown for the "Province of Canada" on Lake Huron and Georgian Bay, all completed by 1859. The location for the Point Clark lighthouse was selected to warn sailors of the shoals (sandbars) 2 miles (3.2 km) off the Lake Huron coast. It is still functioning as an automated light. A restoration that eventually exceeded $2.3 million started in 2011 and the facility reopened for tourism in June 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cove Island Light</span> Lighthouse

The Cove Island Light, at Gig Point on the island, is located in Fathom Five National Marine Park, but is not part of the Park. It is situated on the Bruce Peninsula, Ontario Canada. It has been a navigational aid in the narrow channel between Lake Huron and Georgian Bay since 30 October 1858. It was the first of six stone Imperial Towers to be completed; all were illuminated by 1859. Most other lighthouses of the era were built of brick, wood, iron or concrete.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boblo Island Amusement Park</span> Former Canadian amusement park

Boblo Island Amusement Park is an abandoned amusement park which operated from 1898 until its closure on September 30, 1993. Its amusement rides were sold in 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prospect Harbor Point Light</span> Lighthouse in Maine, US

Prospect Harbor Point Light is a lighthouse on Prospect Harbor Point, which divides Sand Cove from Inner Harbor at the head of Prospect Harbor on the southern shore of Gouldsboro, Maine. Also known as Prospect Harbor Light, it was first established in 1850. The present structure was built in 1891. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Prospect Harbor Light Station in 1988.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Detroit Harbor Terminal Building</span>

The Detroit Harbor Terminal Building, also known as the Detroit Marine Terminal Building, is an abandoned ten-story warehouse in Detroit, Michigan. The warehouse is located on the Detroit River just downriver from the Ambassador Bridge between S. McKinstry and Clark Streets on West Jefferson Avenue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ontonagon Light</span> Lighthouse in Michigan, United States

The Ontonagon Light is a lighthouse located off M-64 near Ontonagon, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1973.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chantry Island Lighthouse</span> Lighthouse

The Chantry Island Lighthouse, officially known as Chantry Island Lightstation Tower, is a lightstation on Chantry Island, off the coast of Southampton, Ontario in Lake Huron. It was constructed in the years 1855 through to 1859, by John Brown of Thorold, Ontario, under the authority of the Province of Canada and is recognized as one of the six Imperial Towers. Virtually identical, they were completed in 1858-1859 on Lake Huron and Georgian Bay and are among the few lighthouses on the Great Lakes made of cut limestone and granite.

References