Buckfast Abbey

Last updated

Buckfast Abbey
Abbey Church of St Mary
Buckfast Abbey, Buckfastleigh, Devon 8.JPG
Dartmoor National Park UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Buckfast Abbey
Location within Dartmoor
50°29′34″N3°46′32″W / 50.49278°N 3.77556°W / 50.49278; -3.77556
OS grid reference SX741673
Location Buckfastleigh, Devon
CountryEngland
Denomination Roman Catholic
Website www.buckfast.org.uk
History
StatusBenedictine Monastery
Founded28 October 1882 (1882-10-28)
Dedication St Mary
Consecrated 25 August 1932
Architecture
Functional statusActive
Heritage designationGrade II*
Designated10 January 1951
Architect(s) Frederick Walters [1]
Completed1937
Administration
Province Southwark
Diocese Plymouth
Deanery Torbay
Parish Buckfast
Clergy
Abbot Rt Rev. Dom David Charlesworth, O.S.B.
Laity
Director of music Matthew Searles
Organist(s) Charles Maxtone-Smith [2]

Buckfast Abbey forms part of an active Benedictine monastery at Buckfast, near Buckfastleigh, Devon, England. Buckfast first became home to an abbey in 1018. The first Benedictine abbey was followed by a Savignac, later Cistercian, abbey constructed on the site of the current abbey in 1134. The monastery was surrendered for dissolution in 1539, with the monastic buildings stripped and left as ruins, before being demolished. The former abbey site was used as a quarry, and later became home to a Gothic mansion house.

Contents

In 1882 the site was purchased by a group of French Benedictine monks, who refounded a monastery on the site, dedicated to Saint Mary. New monastic buildings and a temporary church were constructed incorporating the existing Gothic house. Buckfast was formally reinstated as an Abbey in 1902. The first abbot of the new institution, Boniface Natter, was blessed in 1903. Work on a new abbey church, which was constructed mostly on the footprint of the former Cistercian abbey, started in 1907. The church was consecrated in 1932 but not completed until 1938. The abbey continues to operate as a Benedictine foundation today, and is a registered charity under English law. [3] As of 2020, the abbey has 13 monks. [4]

History

Early history

The nave of the Abbey church is in a mixture of Romanesque and Gothic styles Buckfast.abbey.nave.arp.corrected.jpg
The nave of the Abbey church is in a mixture of Romanesque and Gothic styles

The first abbey at Buckfast was founded as a Benedictine monastery in 1018. [5] [6] The abbey was believed to be founded by either Aethelweard (Aylward), Earldorman of Devon, [6] or King Cnut. [7] This first monastery was "small and unprosperous", and the exact site is uncertain. Archeaological evidence suggests the monastery may have been located nearby at what is now Holy Trinity church in Buckfastleigh. [8] [9]

In 1134 [6] or 1136, [9] [5] the abbey was established in its current position, King Stephen having granted Buckfast to the French Abbot of Savigny. This second abbey was home to Savignac monks. In 1147 the Savignac congregation merged with the Cistercian, and the abbey thereby became a Cistercian monastery. [6] Following the conversion to the Cistercian Congregation, the abbey was rebuilt in stone. [10] Limited excavation work undertaken in 1882 revealed that the monastery was built to the standard plan for Cistercian monasteries. [7]

In medieval times the abbey became rich through fishing and trading in sheep wool. By the 14th century Buckfast was one of the wealthiest abbeys in the south-west of England. It had come to own "extensive sheep runs on Dartmoor, seventeen manors in central and south Devon, town houses in Exeter, fisheries on the Dart and the Avon, and a country house for the abbot at Kingsbridge". [6] The Black Death killed two abbots and many monks. By the mid 1300s, there were few left to maintain the buildings, some of which collapsed. By the mid 1400s, the abbey again flourished. [11]

By the 16th century, the abbey was in decline. Only 22 new monks were tonsured between 1500 and 1539, and at the time of the abbey's dissolution in 1539, there were only 10 monks in residence. [12]

Dissolution

The last Abbot, Gabriel Donne (d.1558), surrendered the abbey on 25 February 1539 to Sir William Petre, acting as agent for King Henry VIII. At the time of dissolution there were nine other monks in residence. On 26 April 1539 Gabriel was granted an annual pension of £120. The other monks, who all co-signed the deed of surrender, received smaller pensions. [13] [14]

After the dissolution 1.5 tons of gold, gilt and silver was taken from the abbey to the Tower of London. The site was granted to the King who later granted it to others, including William Petre, the Secretary of State, [14] and Sir Thomas Denys (c.1477–1561) of Holcombe Burnell [15] in Devon, who had married Donne's sister Elizabeth and was Chamberlain of the Household to Cardinal Wolsey.

After dissolution

Following dissolution, the abbey site and its lands were granted by the crown to Sir Thomas Denys (c.1477–1561) of Holcombe Burnell, near Exeter, who stripped the buildings and "reduced them to ruins". [6] [16] The abbey site was subsequently used as a stone quarry. [7]

In 1800, the site was purchased by local mill owner, Samuel Berry. Berry had the ruins demolished, constructing a Gothic style "castellated Tudor" mansion house, and a wool mill on the site in 1806. [6] [16] The Gothic house was constructed on the site of the abbey's former west cloister. The only pieces of the former abbey to escape demolition were some of the outer buildings – which were retained as farm buildings – and the tower from the former abbot's lodgings, the only part which remains to this day. [6]

Over the next eighty years, the Buckfast site changed hands four times, finally falling into the hands of Dr. James Gale in 1872. Ten years later, Dr. Gale decided to sell the property, but was keen to offer it to a religious community. An advert was placed in The Tablet, describing the Abbey as "a grand acquisition could it be restored to its original purpose." Within six weeks of the sale, monks were again living at the abbey. [12]

Reconstruction

In 1880 the Abbaye Sainte-Marie de la Pierre-qui-Vire  [ fr ] was suppressed under a new French law and some of the monks went to St. Augustine's Priory in Ramsgate. The community of Ramsgate gave the French monks use of a property it owned in Leopardstown, Ireland. Learning that the property at Ramsgate was for sale, in 1882 "the whole site was purchased" by the French Benedictine monks for £4,700. [5] [17] [18] On 28 October 1882, six Benedictine monks arrived at Buckfast.

Most of Samuel Berry's house was remodeled and incorporated into new claustral ranges which were built in 1882. [6] A temporary church was constructed to the south of these new buildings, with the current abbey church constructed between 1906 and 1938, [5] mostly on the footprint of the Cistercian Abbey. The east-end does not follow the original plan. [17] [6] [16] The new abbey church was built in the "Norman Transitional and Early English" styles, to the designs of architect, Frederick Arthur Walters. [16] There were never more than six monks working on the project at any one time, although the whole community had repaired the ancient foundations up to ground level.[ citation needed ]

Construction methods were primitive: wooden scaffolding was held together by ropes and no safety protection was worn by the monks. One monk fell 50 feet but survived. Three monks fell off a hoist without serious injury in 1931.[ citation needed ] Construction continued throughout World War I: some of the monks were of German nationality, but were not sent to an internment camp on condition that they remained confined to the Abbey grounds.[ citation needed ]

Buckfast was formally reinstated as an Abbey in 1902. Boniface Natter was blessed as the new abbot on 24 February 1903. [19] [20] Boniface Natter died at sea in 1906, when the SS Sirio was shipwrecked. His travelling companion Anscar Vonier became the next abbot and pledged to fulfill Natter's dying wish, to rebuild the abbey. [20]

The abbey church was consecrated on 25 August 1932. The building was not finished for several years: the last stone was laid in late 1937 and final works completed the following year. [21]

The only portion of the medieval monastery which survives is the "much restored", former abbot's tower, which dates from 14th or 15th century. [7] This was incorporated into the abbey's guesthouse, which was constructed during 1982 and 1994, when the abbey's precinct was rebuilt. [6] The abbey's former well, which was located in the crypt of the former abbey and which may have dated from Saxon times, was destroyed when the new abbey was built. [6] A church was erected and opened in March 1884. In that year, reconstruction of the south wing of the monastery began. It was intended to include a refectory and cloister. [21]

The final phase

The Abbey Church was consecrated on 25 August 1932, after most of the building had been completed. Reconstruction of the tower was completed in July 1937, with painting completed in December. [12] In 1968, Dom Charles completed the east window in the Blessed Sacrament Chapel, using the dalle de verre technique where coloured-glass tiles are shaped and formed into mosaics bound with resin. [22]

Buckfast receives many visitors. Men are lodged in the guest house belonging to the monastery, and men and women in a restored building. [5] Various tours are offered at the site. [23] The hair shirt of Roman Catholic Saint Thomas More is now preserved at a side altar in the Abbey. [24] [25] [26] In 2017, pipe organs were installed inside the Abbey church. [27] [28]

The grounds

Fritillaria meleagris in the grounds of the abbey. Fritillaria Buckfast.jpg
Fritillaria meleagris in the grounds of the abbey.

There is a conference and seminar centre, and a restaurant, the Grange. On the west side of the Abbey are two gardens, with plants ranging from herbs used in cooking or medicine to poisonous plants. Behind the public area is an enclosed garden for the monks. A bridge leads over the river to the abbey farm.

Self sufficiency

The Abbey is self-supporting, with a farm where vegetables are grown and bees, pigs and cattle are kept, a shop which sells wine, honey beeswax, fudge and other items made by religious communities throughout the world, and a gift shop, book shop, and restaurant.

Buckfast Tonic Wine

The monastery's most successful product is Buckfast Tonic Wine, a fortified wine which the monks began making in the 1890s. In 1927, the Abbey lost its licence to sell wine and as a result, the Abbot allowed wine merchants to distribute on behalf of the Abbey. At the same time, the recipe was changed to be less of a patent medicine and more of a medicated wine. [29]

Its perceived links to violent anti-social behaviour – especially in Scotland – have been a controversial issue for the abbey [30] [31] which has employed a youth worker in one area affected. [32]

Following a decision by Police Scotland to attach anti-crime labels to bottles in some areas, the distributor for Great Britain, J Chandler and Co. announced its intention to pursue legal action. [33]

Beekeeping

The Buckfast Abbey monastic produce shop Shop, Buckfast Abbey.JPG
The Buckfast Abbey monastic produce shop

Brother Adam, born Karl Kehrle in 1898 in Germany, died in 1996, was put in charge of the Abbey's beekeeping in 1919, and began extensive breeding work creating the honeybee now known as the Buckfast bee. Brother Adam had to replenish the bee colonies, as 30 of the monastery's 46 colonies had been wiped out by a disease known at the time as the Isle of Wight Disease, but later called Acarine. All the bees that died were of the Old British Black bee, a now extinct British strain of the A. m. mellifera. [34] [35]

The 16 hives that survived were descended from A. m. ligustica queens from the Ligurian Alps region of Italy. At the request of the government, Brother Adam helped in restocking the British Isles with his disease resistant Buckfast bees. [34] [35] Today the breeding of pedigree Buckfast bees is regulated by the Federation of European Buckfast Beekeepers (G.D.E.B.) in over twenty six countries with numerous breeders. [36]

Buckfast bees are no longer kept at the Abbey, instead of commercial beekeeping with nearly 400 hives, today the focus at the Abbey's apiary is educational such as beekeeping courses, workshops, and honeybee experience days with their 4 hives. [37] [38]

Schools

Buckfast Abbey Preparatory School

From 1967 until 1994, the abbey ran a prep school for boys and girls aged 7 to 13, but was obliged to close it as the school became financially non-viable due to dwindling numbers of boarders. [39] Two former monks were later convicted and imprisoned for sexually abusing boys during this period. [40] [41]

St Boniface's Catholic College

With the outbreak of World War II, Plymouth-based St Boniface's Catholic College evacuated its pupils to Buckfast Abbey between 1941 and 1945. The school later named one of its Houses "Abbey" in memory of this period in their history.

School of the Annunciation

The School of the Annunciation was a place of learning for adults and was a charitable company based in the grounds of Buckfast Abbey. It was founded in 2014 by Dr Petroc Willey, Dr Andrew Beards, and Dr Caroline Farey, who had left the Maryvale Institute, with the Abbot of Buckfast. [42] It offered distance learning, part-time programmes, summer schools and short courses in theology, philosophy, catechetics, sacred beauty, liturgy and other associated subjects to support the New Evangelisation. The School closed in August 2019 due to a lack of funding.

Music

The current Master of the Music is Matthew Searles. [43]

Choirs

The present incarnation of the Abbey Choir was founded in 2009. The choir sings Solemn Mass and Vespers on Sundays, and Mass on Holy Days of Obligation during the week. The choir sings a broad liturgical repertoire, ranging from polyphonic music of the sixteenth century and Masses of the Viennese school, through to music of the French Romantic tradition and contemporary music by James MacMillian, Matthew Martin and Dom Sebastian Wolff OSB. In 2018 the choir sang Christmas Midnight Mass, which was televised live on BBC One. [44] The choir gives several concert performances each year, and in 2024 this includes the premiere of a new Mass for Corpus Christi composed by Martin Baker. [45]

Alongside the Abbey Choir, there is also a line of trebles mainly recruited from the school in Buckfast, St Mary's Catholic Primary School. [46] Established in 2018, the Abbey Choristers sing alongside members of the Abbey Choir at the Conventual Mass on Thursdays during school term time.

Organ

The Abbey has an organ by the Italian organ builder, Fratelli Ruffati, the first to be constructed in the UK. The organ was installed in 2017 [47] and given its inaugural recital in 2018. The instrument consists of a substantial Quire Organ (four divisions and pedal) located on both sides of the Quire and the upper triforium, and a Grand-Orgue in the West Gallery (two divisions and pedal). The two spatially-separated instruments can by played antiphonally or together from one or both of the two consoles in the church. [48] The organ contains 5,537 pipes and features a striking Pontifical Trumpet en chamade, which protrudes horizontally from the West Gallery casework.

The organ by Ruffati replaced a previous Hele/Walker instrument, the basis of which was installed in 1922 and later added to in successive changes. [49] Important changes to the stop list were made by Ralph Downes, who also rescaled and revoiced the existing pipework in the 1940s and 1950s. [50]

Ad Fontes

Ad Fontes is a record label founded by Buckfast Abbey dedicated to presenting recordings of sacred music. [51] As well as featuring the Abbey's own choirs and organists, the label collaborates with external soloists and choirs to produce recordings of music from the Catholic tradition, a notable example of this being The Choir of Westminster Cathedral. [52]

Bells

The tower contains fifteen bells. There is a ring of twelve bells, with a tenor weighing 41 long hundredweight (with two extra semi tone bells) surrounding the 7.5 ton bourdon bell called Hosanna. In August 2018, the Abbey hosted the Millennium Bell Ringing Festival in celebration of its 1000th year since the foundation of the monastery.

The bells were cast in 1935 by John Taylor and Co. and were donated by a local benefactor, Sir Robert Harvey. [18] They are hung in the traditional change ringing style, and have an Ellacombe chiming apparatus for single-handed ringing, though this is currently out of use.

List of abbots

Stained glass in Buckfast Abbey: the panel, designed by the monks, is 8 metres (26 feet) across Stained Glass Window at Buckfast Abbey - geograph.org.uk - 207061.jpg
Stained glass in Buckfast Abbey: the panel, designed by the monks, is 8 metres (26 feet) across

Benedictine abbots

Cistercian abbots

Buckfast still followed the Rule of St. Benedict, as the Cistercians also live by that Rule.

Benedictine abbots

Monastic life was restored at Buckfast in 1882; it became an abbey, under the direction of an abbot, in 1902.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benedictines</span> Catholic monastic order

The Benedictines, officially the Order of Saint Benedict, are a mainly contemplative monastic religious order of the Catholic Church for men and for women who follow the Rule of Saint Benedict. The male religious are also sometimes called the Black Monks, in reference to the colour of their religious habits, in contrast to other Benedictine orders such as the Olivetans, who wear white. They were founded in 529 by Benedict of Nursia, a 6th-century Italian monk who laid the foundations of Benedictine monasticism through the formulation of his Rule. Benedict's sister, Scholastica, possibly his twin, also became a religious from an early age, but chose to live as a hermit. They retained a close relationship until her death.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buckfastleigh</span> Town and civil parish in Devon, England

Buckfastleigh is a market town and civil parish in Devon, England situated beside the Devon Expressway (A38) at the edge of the Dartmoor National Park. It is part of Teignbridge and, for ecclesiastical purposes, lies within the Totnes Deanery. It is 18 miles east-northeast of Plymouth, 20 miles southwest of Exeter and has a population of 3,661. It is a centre of tourism and is home to Buckfast Abbey, the South Devon Railway, the Buckfastleigh Butterfly Farm and Otter Sanctuary, the Tomb of Squire Richard Cabell and The Valiant Soldier.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trappists</span> Roman Catholic religious order

The Trappists, officially known as the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance and originally named the Order of Reformed Cistercians of Our Lady of La Trappe, are a Catholic religious order of cloistered monastics that branched off from the Cistercians. They follow the Rule of Saint Benedict and have communities of both monks and nuns that are known as Trappists and Trappistines, respectively. They are named after La Trappe Abbey, the monastery from which the movement and religious order originated. The movement first began with the reforms that Abbot Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé introduced in 1664, later leading to the creation of Trappist congregations, and eventually the formal constitution as a separate religious order in 1892.

Buckfast is a village near Buckfastleigh, Teignbridge, Devon, England

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mellifont Abbey</span> First Cistercian abbey built in Ireland

Mellifont Abbey, was a Cistercian abbey located close to Drogheda in County Louth, Ireland. It was the first abbey of the order to be built in Ireland. In 1152, it hosted the Synod of Kells-Mellifont. After its dissolution in 1539, the abbey became a private manor house. This saw the signing of the Treaty of Mellifont in 1603 and served as William of Orange's headquarters in 1690 during the Battle of the Boyne.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Downside Abbey</span> Benedictine monastery in Somerset, England

Downside Abbey is a Benedictine monastery in England and the senior community of the English Benedictine Congregation. Until 2019, the community had close links with Downside School, for the education of children aged eleven to eighteen. Both the abbey and the school are at Stratton-on-the-Fosse, between Westfield and Shepton Mallet in Somerset, South West England. In 2020, the monastic community announced that it would move away from the present monastery and seek a new place to live. In October 2021, the monastic community further announced that as part of their transition they would move in Spring of 2022 to the temporary accommodation of "Southgate House, in the grounds of Buckfast Abbey, Devon, where we will live as the Community of St Gregory the Great". As of 2020, the monastic community of Downside Abbey was home to fifteen monks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">English Benedictine Congregation</span>

The English Benedictine Congregation (EBC) unites autonomous Roman Catholic Benedictine communities of monks and nuns and is technically the oldest of the nineteen congregations that are affiliated in the Benedictine Confederation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount St Bernard Abbey</span> Monastery

Mount St Bernard Abbey is a Trappist monastery near Coalville, Leicestershire, England, founded in 1835 in the parish of Whitwick and now in that of Charley. The abbey was the first permanent monastery to be founded in England since the Reformation and is the sole Trappist house in England. The monks brew the only Trappist beer in Britain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ealing Abbey</span> Church in London, England

The Abbey of Ealing is a Roman Catholic Benedictine monastery located on Castlebar Hill in Ealing, United Kingdom. It is part of the English Benedictine Congregation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quarr Abbey</span>

Quarr Abbey is a monastery between the villages of Binstead and Fishbourne on the Isle of Wight in southern England. The name is pronounced as "Kwor". It belongs to the Catholic Order of St Benedict.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Douai Abbey</span> Church in Berkshire, United Kingdom

Douai Abbey is a Benedictine Abbey at Upper Woolhampton, near Thatcham, in the English county of Berkshire, situated within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Portsmouth. Monks from the monastery of St. Edmund's, in Douai, France, came to Woolhampton in 1903 when the community left France as a result of anti-clerical legislation. The abbey church is listed Grade II* on the National Heritage List for England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solesmes Abbey</span> Abbey located in Sarthe, in France

Solesmes Abbey or St. Peter's Abbey, Solesmes is a Benedictine monastery in Solesmes, Sarthe, France, famous as the source of the restoration of Benedictine monastic life in the country under Dom Prosper Guéranger after the French Revolution. The current abbot is the Right Reverend Dom Abbot Geoffrey Kemlin, O.S.B., elected in 2022.

The sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation was a significant episode in the series of Catholic sex abuse cases in the United Kingdom. The dates of the events covered here range from the 1960s to the 2010s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boniface Natter</span>

Boniface Natter, christened Anthony, was a German Benedictine Monk who became the first Abbot of the newly reformed Benedictine Abbey of Buckfast in Devon, England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Our Lady of Montserrat Abbey</span> Roman Catholic monastery in Manila, Philippines

The Abbey of Our Lady of Montserrat, or Manila Abbey, is a Benedictine men's monastery located on Mendiola Street in Manila, the Philippines. The monastery was founded by monks from Spain in 1895, in the final years of Spanish colonial era in the Philippines and is dedicated to Our Lady of Montserrat.

Bruno Fehrenbacher was a German-British Benedictine monk and Abbot of Buckfast Abbey in Devon, England.

David Charlesworth, OSB is the Abbot of Buckfast Abbey in Devon, England. He is a member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anscar Vonier</span> Benedictine abbot and theologian (1875–1938)

Anscar Vonier, O.S.B., was abbot of Buckfast Abbey from 1906 until his death in 1938.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buckfast</span> Village in Devon, England

Buckfast is a small village near Buckfastleigh in Teignbridge district, Devon, England, on the bank of the River Dart. It is the home of Buckfast Abbey, an active Benedictine monastery, which gave its name to Buckfast Tonic Wine, originally made there, and to the Buckfast bee, a bee breed originally developed at Buckfast Abbey.

Ardorel Abbey, formally the Abbey of Our Lady of Ardorel, was a Benedictine then Cistercian monastery located in the modern-day commune of Payrin-Augmontel, Tarn, southwestern France. It was destroyed during the Wars of Religion.

References

  1. ↑ The Return of the Benedictines to London, Ealing Abbey: 1896 to Independence by Rene Kollar, Burnes and Oates 1989, ISBN   0-86012-175-5, p.53
  2. ↑ "Music at Buckfast" . Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  3. ↑ "BUCKFAST ABBEY TRUST (HELD ICW THE RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY OF BENEDICTINE MONKS ESTABLISHED AT ST MARYS ABBEY BUCKFAST, DEVON), registered charity no. 232497". Charity Commission for England and Wales.
  4. ↑ The Benedictine Yearbook. London: English Benedictine Congregation Trust. 2020. p. 26. ISBN   978-0-901089-58-8.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Beattie 83.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Emery, Anthony (2006). Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300–1500, Volume 3. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9781139449199. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Historic England. "Buckfast Abbey (1266782)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  8. ↑ Reynolds, Andrew; Turner, Sam (2004). "Discovery of a late Anglo-Saxon monastic site in Devon: Holy Trinity church, Buckfastleigh". Archaeology International. 8 (1). London: UCL Press: 22–25. doi: 10.5334/ai.0807 . ISSN   2048-4194 . Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  9. 1 2 Buckfast Abbey. "Saxon and Savignac Buckfast". Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  10. ↑ Buckfast Abbey. "Cistercian Buckfast". Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  11. ↑ Quinn, Tom (2008). Hidden Britain. New Holland Publishers. p. 18. ISBN   9781847731296. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017.
  12. 1 2 3 "History of Buckfast Abbey". Buckfast Abbey. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  13. ↑ Buckfast Abbey. "Dissolution at Buckfast". Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  14. 1 2 "Timeline of the Abbey's History" (PDF). buckfast.org.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  15. ↑ "Donne, Gabriel", Dictionary of National Biography, London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900 Archived 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine , quoting: "Oliver, Monasticon Diœcesis Exoniensis, p. 372"
  16. 1 2 3 4 Historic England. "St Mary's Abbey (444830)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  17. 1 2 Little, Bryan. Abbeys and Priories in England and Wales.
  18. 1 2 Smith, Leo. "The Life and Work of Abbot Anscar Vonier", English Benedictine Congregation History Commission, 1996
  19. ↑ "Buckfast Abbey". Westcountry Scenes. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  20. 1 2 "The Benedictines in England". The Catholic Historical Review . 8 (3): 425–32. 1922. JSTOR   25011898.
  21. 1 2 "Extended History". Buckfast Abbey. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  22. ↑ "Modern History". Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  23. ↑ "What's on Buckfast Abbey". Buckfast Abbey. Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  24. ↑ Simon Caldwell (21 November 2016). "St. Thomas More's hair shirt now enshrined for public veneration". Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  25. ↑ Christian Mills (26 November 2016). "St Thomas More's Hair Shirt Enshrined for Public Veneration". Royal Central. Archived from the original on 27 November 2016.
  26. ↑ "Hair-shirt worn by St Thomas More is enshrined for public veneration for possibly the first time". The Diocese of Shrewsbury. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  27. ↑ "News on the Buckfast Abbey organ, Devon, England". The Ruffatti Brothers. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  28. ↑ "Homepage". Buckfast Abbey. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  29. ↑ "History of the Tonic Wine". Buckfast Abbey. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
  30. ↑ "Buckfast 'in 5,000 crime reports'". BBC News. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  31. ↑ MacMillan, Arthur (24 September 2006). "Health minister condemns Buckfast tonic wine". Scotsman.com – Scotland on Sunday. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  32. ↑ "Buckfast abbey rejects blame for 'tonic wine crime'". BBC News. 25 December 2013. Archived from the original on 7 October 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
  33. ↑ "Police face legal action over Buckfast anti-crime labels". BBC News. 22 February 2013. Archived from the original on 17 December 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
  34. 1 2 "Origin of the Buckfast Strain, described by Brother Adam". Karl Kehrle Fondation. Jean-Marie Van Dyck. Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  35. 1 2 Br Adam OSB. "Bees Past & Present". Buckfast Abbey. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  36. ↑ "Gemeinschaft der europäischen Buckfastimker e.V." Federation of European Buckfast beekeepers. Archived from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  37. ↑ "Bees - Present". buckfast.org.uk. Buckfast Abbey. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  38. ↑ "Community Beekeeping Days". buckfast.org.uk. Buckfast Abbey. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  39. ↑ "History of the Abbey". Buckfast Abbey. Archived from the original on 4 June 2008. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  40. 1 2 "Monk jailed for schoolboys abuse". BBC News. 8 November 2007. Archived from the original on 10 November 2007. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  41. ↑ "Jail for child sex abuse teacher". BBC News. 31 August 2007. Archived from the original on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  42. ↑ Buckfast Abbey School of the Annunciation to collaborate with Franciscan University Steubenville, USA Archived 26 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine Independent Catholic News, 21 May 2015.
  43. ↑ Clarke, Lewis (28 October 2022). "Big changes for Buckfast Abbey as new CEO and Master of the Music announced". Devon Live. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  44. ↑ "BBC One - Midnight Mass, 2018 - Midnight Mass from Buckfast Abbey". BBC. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  45. ↑ "O sacrum convivium! at Buckfast Abbey - Visit South Devon". www.visitsouthdevon.co.uk. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  46. ↑ "Abbey Choristers – St Mary's RC Primary School, Buckfast, Devon". st-marysrc.devon.sch.uk. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  47. ↑ "News on the Buckfast Abbey organ, Devon, England | The Ruffatti Brothers" (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  48. ↑ "Devon, Buckfastleigh, Buckfast Abbey - St. Mary, [T01101]".
  49. ↑ Downes, Ralph (1952). "A Chronicle of the Organ in Buckfast Abbey Church". Musical Times. 93: 412–13.
  50. ↑ Downes, Ralph (1983). Builders' typed notes and Baroque Tricks. pp. 144–151.
  51. ↑ "Ad Fontes (label) - Buy classical music recordings". Presto Music. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  52. ↑ "The Choir's New Recording – Westminster Cathedral" . Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  53. ↑ "Historic List of Abbots". Buckfast Abbey. Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  54. ↑ Orme, Nicholas (2001). "The Last Medieval Abbot of Buckfast". Report & Transactions of the Devonshire Association. 133: 97–107.
  55. 1 2 3 4 5 Beattie 303.

General sources

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.