Carl Bergstrom

Last updated
Carl Bergstrom
Carl T. Bergstrom.jpg
Born
Carl Theodore Bergstrom
Education
Known for Eigenfactor [1]
Disinformation dynamics
SpouseHolly Ann Bergstrom [2]
Scientific career
Institutions University of Washington
Thesis Game-theoretic models of signalling among relatives  (1998)
Doctoral advisor Marcus Feldman [2]
Website ctbergstrom.com

Carl Theodore Bergstrom is a theoretical and evolutionary biologist and a professor at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington, United States. [3] Bergstrom is a critic of low-quality or misleading scientific research. [4] He is the co-author of a book on misinformation called Calling Bullshit: The Art of Skepticism in a Data-Driven World and teaches a class by the same name at University of Washington. [5]

Contents

Education

Bergstrom earned his B.A. from Harvard University in 1993, then completed his Ph.D. at Stanford University under the supervision of Marcus Feldman [2] in 1998.

Research

Bergstrom's work concerns the flow of information through biological and social networks, [6] as well as the ecology and evolution of pathogenic organisms, including the development of resistance. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]

He is the coauthor (with Lee Dugatkin) of a college textbook, Evolution. [13] With Jevin West, he developed the popular course and website Calling Bullshit. [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] His work has led to the identification of him as a resource to explain the dynamics of disinformation and misinformation, [20] in general.

In addition to evolutionary biology, Bergstrom's interests include the ranking of scientific journals. In 2007, he introduced the Eigenfactor, [1] metrics for journal ranking. [21] This and related work on open access earned him and his father, Ted Bergstrom, the SPARC Innovator Award in June 2007. [22]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carl Woese</span> American microbiologist (1928–2012)

Carl Richard Woese was an American microbiologist and biophysicist. Woese is famous for defining the Archaea in 1977 through a pioneering phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA, a technique that has revolutionized microbiology. He also originated the RNA world hypothesis in 1967, although not by that name. Woese held the Stanley O. Ikenberry Chair and was professor of microbiology at the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign.

Armand Marie Leroi is a New Zealand-born Dutch author, broadcaster, and professor of evolutionary developmental biology at Imperial College in London. He received the Guardian First Book Award in 2004 for his book Mutants: On Genetic Variety and the Human Body. He has presented scientific documentaries on Channel 4 such as Alien Worlds (2005) and What Makes Us Human (2006), and BBC Four such as What Darwin Didn't Know (2009), Aristotle's Lagoon (2010), and Secret Science of Pop (2012).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HDAC4</span>

Histone deacetylase 4, also known as HDAC4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HDAC4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CDC23</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Cell division cycle 23 homolog , also known as CDC23, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CDC23 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ARFGEF2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARFGEF2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UBE2A</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBE2A gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ARFGEF1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARFGEF1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OR51B2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Olfactory receptor 51B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR51B2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OR51B4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Olfactory receptor 51B4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR51B4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OR52D1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Olfactory receptor 52D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR52D1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AIM1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Absent in melanoma 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AIM1 gene.

The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. As a measure of importance, the Eigenfactor score scales with the total impact of a journal. All else equal, journals generating higher impact to the field have larger Eigenfactor scores. Citation metrics like eigenfactor or PageRank-based scores reduce the effect of self-referential groups.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Horizontal gene transfer in evolution</span> Evolutionary consequences of transfer of genetic material between organisms of different taxa

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the transfer of genes between distant branches on the tree of life. In evolution, it can scramble the information needed to reconstruct the phylogeny of organisms, how they are related to one another.

Joseph (Joe) Thornton is an American Biologist. He is a professor at the University of Chicago and a former Early Career Scientist of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He is known for resurrecting ancestral genes and tracing the mechanisms by which proteins evolve new functions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GAF domain</span>

The GAF domain is a type of protein domain that is found in a wide range of proteins from all species. The GAF domain is named after some of the proteins it is found in: cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases, adenylyl cyclases and FhlA. The first structure of a GAF domain solved by Ho and colleagues showed that this domain shared a similar fold with the PAS domain. In mammals, GAF domains are found in five members of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase superfamily: PDE2, PDE5, and PDE6 which bind cGMP to the GAF domain, PDE10 which binds cAMP, and PDE11 which binds both cGMP and cAMP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Ungar</span> American paleoanthropologist (born 1963)

Peter S. Ungar is an American paleoanthropologist and evolutionary biologist.

Woese's dogma is a principle of evolutionary biology first put forth by biophysicist Carl Woese in 1977. It states that the evolution of ribosomal RNA was a necessary precursor to the evolution of modern life forms. This led to the advancement of the phylogenetic tree of life consisting of three domains rather than the previously accepted two. While the existence of Eukarya and Prokarya were already accepted, Woese was responsible for the distinction between Bacteria and Archaea. Despite initial criticism and controversy surrounding his claims, Woese's three domain system, based on his work regarding the role of rRNA in the evolution of modern life, has become widely accepted.

Bacterial recombination is a type of genetic recombination in bacteria characterized by DNA transfer from one organism called donor to another organism as recipient. This process occurs in three main ways:

The Amphipithecidae were simian primates that lived in Late Eocene and Early Oligocene. Fossils have been found in Myanmar, Thailand, and Pakistan. The limited fossil evidence is consistent with, but not exclusive to, arboreal quadrupedalism. In other words, the species may have moved about in trees on four legs, but not with regular leaping as seen in later simians.

Ralph Stoner Wolfe was an American microbiologist, who contributed to the discovery of the single-celled archaea as the third domain of life. He was a pioneer in the biochemistry of methanogenesis.

References

  1. 1 2 Bergstrom, C. T.; West, J. D.; Wiseman, M. A. (2008). "The Eigenfactor™ Metrics". Journal of Neuroscience . 28 (45): 11433–11434. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0003-08.2008. PMC   6671297 . PMID   18987179.
  2. 1 2 3 Bergstrom, Carl (1998). Game-theoretic models of signalling among relatives (PhD thesis). Stanford University.
  3. Carl Bergstrom publications indexed by Google Scholar
  4. Simonite, Tom (24 March 2020). "The Professors Who Call 'Bullshit' on Covid-19 Misinformation". Wired. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  5. "Calling Bullshit". Penguin Random House. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  6. Bergstrom, C. T.; Lachmann, M. (2006). "The fitness value of information". Oikos (Copenhagen, Denmark). 119 (2): 219–230. arXiv: q-bio.PE/0510007 . doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17781.x. PMC   4384894 . PMID   25843980.
  7. Antia, R.; Regoes, R. R.; Koella, J. C.; Bergstrom, C. T. (2003). "The role of evolution in the emergence of infectious diseases". Nature. 426 (6967): 658–661. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..658A. doi:10.1038/nature02104. hdl:1773/1985. PMC   7095141 . PMID   14668863.
  8. Levin, B. R. (2000). "Bacteria are different: Observations, interpretations, speculations, and opinions about the mechanisms of adaptive evolution in prokaryotes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 97 (13): 6981–6985. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.6981L. doi: 10.1073/pnas.97.13.6981 . PMC   34373 . PMID   10860960.
  9. Bergstrom, C. T. (2004). "Ecological theory suggests that antimicrobial cycling will not reduce antimicrobial resistance in hospitals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (36): 13285–13290. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10113285B. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402298101 . PMC   516561 . PMID   15308772.
  10. Lipsitch, M.; Bergstrom, C. T.; Levin, B. R. (2000). "The epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in hospitals: Paradoxes and prescriptions" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97 (4): 1938–1943. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.1938L. doi: 10.1073/pnas.97.4.1938 . PMC   26540 . PMID   10677558.
  11. Rosvall, M.; Bergstrom, C. T. (2008). "Maps of random walks on complex networks reveal community structure". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (4): 1118–23. arXiv: 0707.0609 . Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.1118R. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0706851105 . PMC   2234100 . PMID   18216267.
  12. Rosvall, M.; Bergstrom, C. T. (2007). "An information-theoretic framework for resolving community structure in complex networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (18): 7327–31. arXiv: physics/0612035 . Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.7327R. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0611034104 . PMC   1855072 . PMID   17452639.
  13. Dugatkin, L. A.; Bergstrom, C. T. (2011). Evolution. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN   978-0-393-92592-0.
  14. McWilliams, James (2019-04-17). "'Calling bullshit': the college class on how not to be duped by the news". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  15. Guarino, Ben. "Misinformation is everywhere. These scientists can teach you to fight BS". Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  16. Nijhuis, Michele (2017-06-03). "How to Call B.S. on Big Data: A Practical Guide". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  17. Bouygues, Helen Lee. "Why We Need To Think Critically About Data". Forbes. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  18. McFarling, Usha Lee. "This college course teaches you how to call out things that are unscientific". Business Insider. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  19. Kolowich, Steve (2017-01-16). "The Fine Art of Sniffing Out Crappy Science". The Chronicle of Higher Education. ISSN   0009-5982 . Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  20. Bellware, Kim, The coronavirus is spreading rapidly. So is misinformation about it. , The Washington Post, February 10, 2020
  21. Bergstrom, C. T. (May 2007). "Eigenfactor: Measuring the value and prestige of scholarly journals". College & Research Libraries News. 68 (5): 314–316. doi: 10.5860/crln.68.5.7804 .
  22. "SPARC Innovators: Ted Bergstrom and Carl Bergstrom (June 2007)". SPARC. Archived from the original on 2011-08-28.