Carl Bergstrom | |
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Born | Carl Theodore Bergstrom |
Education | |
Known for | Eigenfactor [1] Disinformation dynamics |
Spouse | Holly Ann Bergstrom [2] |
Scientific career | |
Institutions | University of Washington |
Thesis | Game-theoretic models of signalling among relatives (1998) |
Doctoral advisor | Marcus Feldman [2] |
Website | ctbergstrom |
Carl Theodore Bergstrom is a theoretical and evolutionary biologist and a professor at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington, United States. [3] Bergstrom is a critic of low-quality or misleading scientific research. [4] He is the co-author of a book on misinformation called Calling Bullshit: The Art of Skepticism in a Data-Driven World and teaches a class by the same name at University of Washington. [5]
Bergstrom earned his B.A. from Harvard University in 1993, then completed his Ph.D. at Stanford University under the supervision of Marcus Feldman [2] in 1998.
Bergstrom's work concerns the flow of information through biological and social networks, [6] as well as the ecology and evolution of pathogenic organisms, including the development of resistance. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]
He is the coauthor (with Lee Dugatkin) of a college textbook, Evolution. [13] With Jevin West, he developed the popular course and website Calling Bullshit. [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] His work has led to the identification of him as a resource to explain the dynamics of disinformation and misinformation, [20] in general.
In addition to evolutionary biology, Bergstrom's interests include the ranking of scientific journals. In 2007, he introduced the Eigenfactor, [1] metrics for journal ranking. [21] This and related work on open access earned him and his father, Ted Bergstrom, the SPARC Innovator Award in June 2007. [22]
Carl Richard Woese was an American microbiologist and biophysicist. Woese is famous for defining the Archaea in 1977 through a pioneering phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA, a technique that has revolutionized microbiology. He also originated the RNA world hypothesis in 1967, although not by that name. Woese held the Stanley O. Ikenberry Chair and was professor of microbiology at the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign.
Armand Marie Leroi is a New Zealand-born Dutch author, broadcaster, and professor of evolutionary developmental biology at Imperial College in London. He received the Guardian First Book Award in 2004 for his book Mutants: On Genetic Variety and the Human Body. He has presented scientific documentaries on Channel 4 such as Alien Worlds (2005) and What Makes Us Human (2006), and BBC Four such as What Darwin Didn't Know (2009), Aristotle's Lagoon (2010), and Secret Science of Pop (2012).
Histone deacetylase 4, also known as HDAC4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HDAC4 gene.
Cell division cycle 23 homolog , also known as CDC23, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CDC23 gene.
Brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARFGEF2 gene.
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBE2A gene.
Brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARFGEF1 gene.
Olfactory receptor 51B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR51B2 gene.
Olfactory receptor 51B4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR51B4 gene.
Olfactory receptor 52D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR52D1 gene.
Absent in melanoma 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AIM1 gene.
The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. As a measure of importance, the Eigenfactor score scales with the total impact of a journal. All else equal, journals generating higher impact to the field have larger Eigenfactor scores. Citation metrics like eigenfactor or PageRank-based scores reduce the effect of self-referential groups.
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the transfer of genes between distant branches on the tree of life. In evolution, it can scramble the information needed to reconstruct the phylogeny of organisms, how they are related to one another.
Joseph (Joe) Thornton is an American Biologist. He is a professor at the University of Chicago and a former Early Career Scientist of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He is known for resurrecting ancestral genes and tracing the mechanisms by which proteins evolve new functions.
The GAF domain is a type of protein domain that is found in a wide range of proteins from all species. The GAF domain is named after some of the proteins it is found in: cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases, adenylyl cyclases and FhlA. The first structure of a GAF domain solved by Ho and colleagues showed that this domain shared a similar fold with the PAS domain. In mammals, GAF domains are found in five members of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase superfamily: PDE2, PDE5, and PDE6 which bind cGMP to the GAF domain, PDE10 which binds cAMP, and PDE11 which binds both cGMP and cAMP.
Peter S. Ungar is an American paleoanthropologist and evolutionary biologist.
Woese's dogma is a principle of evolutionary biology first put forth by biophysicist Carl Woese in 1977. It states that the evolution of ribosomal RNA was a necessary precursor to the evolution of modern life forms. This led to the advancement of the phylogenetic tree of life consisting of three domains rather than the previously accepted two. While the existence of Eukarya and Prokarya were already accepted, Woese was responsible for the distinction between Bacteria and Archaea. Despite initial criticism and controversy surrounding his claims, Woese's three domain system, based on his work regarding the role of rRNA in the evolution of modern life, has become widely accepted.
Bacterial recombination is a type of genetic recombination in bacteria characterized by DNA transfer from one organism called donor to another organism as recipient. This process occurs in three main ways:
The Amphipithecidae were simian primates that lived in Late Eocene and Early Oligocene. Fossils have been found in Myanmar, Thailand, and Pakistan. The limited fossil evidence is consistent with, but not exclusive to, arboreal quadrupedalism. In other words, the species may have moved about in trees on four legs, but not with regular leaping as seen in later simians.
Ralph Stoner Wolfe was an American microbiologist, who contributed to the discovery of the single-celled archaea as the third domain of life. He was a pioneer in the biochemistry of methanogenesis.