2021 Virginia Volvo Trucks strike

Last updated

2021 Virginia Volvo Trucks strike
DateApril 17–30, 2021
(1 week and 6 days)
June 7 – July 18, 2021
(1 month, 1 week and 4 days)
Location
Dublin, Virginia, United States
Caused byDisagreements over terms of a new labor contract
Methods
Resulted inNew labor contract includes signing bonus, increased wages, and other provisions
Parties

The 2021 Virginia Volvo Trucks strike was a labor strike involving workers at a Volvo Trucks production facility in Dublin, Virginia, United States. The strike began in April and ended in July with the ratification of a new labor contract.

Contents

Of the 3,300 workers at the plant, 2,900 were union members of the United Auto Workers (UAW) Local 2069. In March 2021, the labor contract between the union and company expired, and while the union authorized a 30-day extension while both sides continued to negotiate the terms of a replacement, neither side could come to an agreement, with disagreements primarily covering wage increases, job securities, and health care, among other issues. As a result, on April 17, Local 2069 commenced with strike action against the plant, with workers picketing outside while negotiations continued. On April 30, the strike was called off after UAW announced a tentative agreement had been reached with the company. However, members voted to overwhelmingly reject this agreement on May 16 and proceeded to reject a second tentative agreement on June 6. Following this, on June 7, strike action recommenced. About a month after this, on July 9, union members rejected a third tentative agreement that had been reached between UAW and Volvo Trucks. On July 11, the company declared an impasse and stated they would be reopening the plant, with the third tentative agreement serving as their final offer to the union. In a vote held on July 14, union members narrowly voted to accept the terms of the agreement, with strikers returning to work on July 18, thus ending the strike.

The terms of the new contract included a $2,000 signing bonus for most of the union members, a 12 percent annual wage increase over the six-year life of the contract, and a price freeze on health care premiums for the duration of the contract, among other provisions.

Background

Volvo VNL, one of the truck models produced at the New River Valley Plant 2016 Volvo VNL 670.jpg
Volvo VNL, one of the truck models produced at the New River Valley Plant

Volvo Trucks, an international truck manufacturer, operates the New River Valley Plant in Dublin, Virginia. [2] In 2021, this facility (one of the largest employers in Southwest Virginia [3] [4] and Volvo Trucks' largest plant [5] [6] ) employed about 3,300 people, of whom about 2,900 were union members of the United Auto Workers Local 2069. [2] [7] The union and company had last agreed to a labor contract in 2016, with an expiration date of March 16, 2021. [2] As a result, the company and union began negotiations for a new contract on February 8. [8] [4] The union stated that the company had not made "any substantial offer" for a replacement contract in the lead-up to this date and, subsequently, the union agreed to extend the contract for 30 days [9] while negotiations between the two sides continued. [2] [10] However, the two sides had numerous points of contention that prevented an agreement from being reached. [2] According to the union, these points of contention included "wage increases, job security, wage progression, skilled trades, shift premium, holiday schedules, work schedules, health and safety, seniority, pension, 401(k), health care and prescription drug coverage and overtime." [2] At the time, the plant was undergoing a $400 million investment that included the addition of several hundred additional jobs and an expanded facility capable of producing newer products. [2] [11] The negotiations were occurring during the midst of a labor shortage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. [12]

Course of the strike

First strike action

The strike began on April 17, [13] with picketing commencing at a road intersection about halfway between the plant and the union building. [2] Many held signs that read "UAW / On Strike / Unfair Labor Practice". [2] Several local politicians met with strikers on the first day, [2] while the union stated that negotiations could recommence on April 26. [2] [13] In response, the company issued a statement expressing disappointment in the union's actions and stated that they were still open to continuing negotiations. [2] [14] Several labor organizations voiced their support for the strike, including a local chapter of the Coalition of Labor Union Women, [15] a local union of the Communications Workers of America, and the Northern Virginia Labor Council, which donated $1,500 to Local 2069's strike fund. [16] On April 30, the union announced via their Facebook page that the UAW and Volvo Trucks had come to a tentative agreement for a five-year contract that would see an immediate end to the strike starting at 7 a.m. that day. [3] While the union did not release details for the contract, they stated that truck production would resume the following Monday, May 3. [3] Following the agreement, union members voted on three ballot issues pertaining to benefits, pay, and scheduling, with the results being released on May 16. [5] In a landslide, the union members voted to reject all three ballot issues with ranges from 83 to 91 percent against. [5] Following this, on May 20, the union announced that they had reached a six-year tentative agreement with the company that included several changes to the policies that union members had overwhelmingly voted against. [17] Voting on this new agreement took place on June 6 from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. [4] Like the previous agreement, union members again rejected the proposal by large margins, with 90 percent voting against the scheduling provisions and 91 percent voting against the salary provisions. [4]

Second strike action

On June 7, with both proposals having been rejected by union members, Local 2069 recommenced strike action at noon. [8] [4] A lunch buffet was set up at the union building and picketing started back up near the plant. [4] Local 2069 President Matt Blondino stated that the strike would be open-ended and continue until a satisfactory agreement had been reached. [18] [19] In a statement released after the striking restarted, the company again expressed disappointment with the union members' decision, noting that UAW leadership had endorsed the agreement, but stated that they remained open to continue negotiations. [4] During the first few days of the strike, a few workers crossed the picket line and returned to work. [20] [21] Workers on strike received $275 per week from UAW in strike pay, though this was significantly less than what many made at the plant, where some workers had hourly wages of around $20. [20] In addition, the union offered some healthcare coverage. [20] Over the next few days, picketing continued and spread to the nearby Interstate 81. [20] Private security was hired by the company, and confrontations sometimes arose between strikers and strikebreakers, with The Roanoke Times reporting that some workers had been harangued by strikers. [20] On June 15, negotiations recommenced between the company and union, [22] and on June 19, members from another UAW local representing Freightliner Trucks workers in Cleveland, North Carolina, traveled to Dublin and picketed in solidarity with Local 2069. [23] On July 1, a third tentative deal had been reached between the company and union, with a ratification vote planned for the ensuing days. [6] [24] [25] While the union did not disclose details of the tentative agreement, the company released a statement that said the proposed contract would "eliminate the two-tier wage structure; immediately take any employee currently in wage progression and hired on or before June 30, 2015 to top pay; institute a six-year progression to top pay for all employees, giving credit for years of active service; increase the new hire starting pay by more than 14 percent; and guarantee no increases in health insurance premiums over the life of the contract for the plant’s best-in-class health insurance coverage, an employee benefit which represents a cost of more than $20,000 a year per employee". [26] Speaking about the proposal, UAW President Ray Curry stated, "UAW members and their families felt strongly about the need for financial stability gains in this contract and were willing to strike not once, but twice, to achieve those gains. The elected bargaining team of the UAW Volvo Truck Council worked very hard to achieve these significant gains, and they could not have achieved them without the solidarity of Local 2069 members." [26]

On July 9, for a third time the union members voted to reject the proposal, with roughly 60 percent voting against it. [27] Similarly to the previous two times, the company again issued a statement that stressed the UAW leadership's support for the proposal and that they would "consider all options" related to a resolution to the strike. [27] [28] On July 11, the company announced that the negotiators for both sides were at an impasse and that they would reopen the facility the next day under the terms of the last proposal, which the company deemed its final offer. [24] Shortly thereafter, the union announced a vote on the final offer had been scheduled for July 14. [24] [11] [29] Local 2069 President Blondino stated that the company was attempting to break the union with their decision to declare an impasse, and he said that, following the vote, the local would have the option of filing a complaint against the company with the National Labor Relations Board. [30] [31] On that day, by a slim margin, the contract was approved, with strikers to return to work on July 18. [32] The hourly portion of the contract was approved in a 1,147–1,130 vote, [33] while the common portion passed in a vote of 1,193–1,176. [34] However, despite this, salaried workers voted to reject their part of the contract in a vote of 54-40. [32] [note 1] meaning that further negotiations would continue. [32]

Aftermath

According to the Associated Press, the final offer contained higher wage increases than the second proposal the company had made and included pay bonuses. [12] Specifically, the contract included a 12 percent pay raise spread out over the course of the six years the contract would be in effect. [12] Additionally, newer workers would be phased out of a two-tier pay system that saw them make less money than employees who had been working at the plant for longer, so that at the end of the six years, all workers would be making an hourly wage of $30.92. [12] Most of the employees would also receive a one-time $2,000 signing bonus. [21] The contract also includes a price freeze on the company's health care premiums for the duration of the contract. [12] With regards to the salaried employees, UAW President Curry stated after the vote that a process for addressing their concerns would be set up to resolve the lingering dispute. [33]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ One source gives the tally as 45–40. However, that source cites a Facebook post made by UAW Local 2069 that gives a tally of 54-40. [33]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Auto Workers</span> American labor union

The United Auto Workers (UAW), fully named International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America, is an American labor union that represents workers in the United States and southern Ontario, Canada. It was founded as part of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in the 1930s and grew rapidly from 1936 to the 1950s. The union played a major role in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party under the leadership of Walter Reuther. It was known for gaining high wages and pensions for automotive manufacturing workers, but it was unable to unionize auto plants built by foreign-based car makers in the South after the 1970s, and it went into a steady decline in membership; reasons for this included increased automation, decreased use of labor, mismanagement, movements of manufacturing, and increased globalization.

Owen Frederick Bieber was an American labor union activist. He was president of the United Auto Workers (UAW) from 1983 to 1995.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2006 Progressive Enterprises dispute</span>

The 2006 Progressive Enterprises dispute was an industrial dispute between New Zealand supermarket company Progressive Enterprises and employees represented by the National Distribution Union and the EPMU. On 25 August 2006, over 500 employees at Progressive's four distribution centres began a 48-hour strike supporting a demand for a national collective agreement involving an eight percent wage increase and pay parity between the four centres. On 26 August 2006 the company locked out the strikers indefinitely, suspending operations at its distribution centres, with suppliers delivering goods directly to the supermarkets and also setting up amateur small scale distribution centres in car parks of Countdown supermarkets. The dispute was resolved on 21 September 2006 when Progressive Enterprises agreed to pay parity and a 4.5% wage increase.

The 2007 General Motors Strike was a labor union strike that lasted three days from September 23 to September 25, 2007, organized by the United Auto Workers (UAW) union. The UAW were engaged in talks with General Motors (GM) to negotiate a new labor contract but were unable to come to an agreement before the deadline. Consequently, 73,000 workers walked out forcing 80 GM facilities in 30 states to cease operations. After the two day strike, the two parties reached an agreement in which the UAW union would assume the responsibility for managing retiree healthcare liabilities. The UAW previously went on strike against General Motors in 1970.

The International Harvester strike of 1979–1980 was a strike by the United Auto Workers (UAW) against the International Harvester (IH) company over work rules. The strike began on November 1, 1979, and ended after 172 days on April 20, 1980. As of May 2008, it was the fourth-longest strike of national importance ever held by the UAW.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bob King (labor leader)</span> Trade union leader

Robert Thompson King is an American lawyer and labor union activist and leader. He was elected President of the United Auto Workers (UAW) on June 15, 2010. His term of office ended in June 2014, and King announced his retirement, being succeeded by Dennis Williams as head of the UAW.

The tool and die strike of 1939, also known as the "strategy strike", was an ultimately successful attempt by the United Auto Workers Union (UAW) to be recognized as the sole representative for General Motors workers. In addition to representation rights, the UAW, working jointly with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), sought to resolve existing grievances of skilled workers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015 Kohler strike</span>

The 2015 Kohler Strike is the fourth strike in the 142-year-old history of the Kohler Company in Kohler, Wisconsin.

The 2019 General Motors strike began September 15, 2019, with the walkout of 48,000 United Automobile Workers from some 50 plants in the United States. Demands by workers included increased job security, gateway for temporary workers to become permanent, better pay and retaining healthcare benefits.

The 2020 University of Illinois Hospital strikes were the result of a breakdown in contract negotiations between labor unions and hospital management over salaries, staffing levels, and access to personal protective equipment.

The 2021–2022 Columbia University strike was a labor strike involving graduate student workers at Columbia University in New York City. The strike began on March 15, 2021, and ended on May 13, 2021. However, additional strike action commenced on November 3 and lasted until January 7, 2022, when a tentative agreement with the university was reached. The strike was organized by the Graduate Workers of Columbia–United Auto Workers Local 2110 (SWC–UAW), a labor union representing student workers at the university. The goals of the strike were an increase in wages, increased healthcare and childcare coverage, and third-party arbitration in cases of discrimination and sexual harassment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021–2023 Warrior Met Coal strike</span>

The 2021–2023 Warrior Met Coal strike was a failed labor strike in Alabama, United States. The strike began on April 1, 2021 and involved members of the United Mine Workers of America striking against Warrior Met Coal Inc. Warrior Met was formed after the bankruptcy of Walter Energy and operates coal mining facilities in the state. The strike was over the failure of the union and company to agree to a labor contract for the approximately 1,100 union members who work for Warrior Met. UMWA International President, Cecil Roberts ultimately failed to achieve the strike's goals, leading to losing over 50 percent of the Union membership at Warrior Met.

The 2021 Allegheny Technologies strike was a labor strike involving about 1,300 workers for metals manufacturing company Allegheny Technologies Incorporated (ATI), all unionized with the United Steelworkers (USW). The strike began on March 30 and ended on July 13 with the ratification of a new labor contract. Strikers returned to work by July 19. According to the Northwest Labor Press, the strike was among the country's largest for 2021 by number of strikers involved.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Kellogg's strike</span> 2021 labor strike by employees of the food manufacturer Kelloggs

The 2021 Kellogg's strike was a labor strike started on October 5, 2021 and ended December 21, 2021 involving about 1,400 workers for food manufacturer Kellogg's, unionized as members of the Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers and Grain Millers' International Union (BCTGM). The strike was caused due to disagreements between the union and company concerning the terms of a new labor contract, with particular points of contention concerning the current two-tier wage system, health care, holidays, retirement benefits, cost-of-living adjustments, and vacation time. The strike affected all of Kellogg's cereal-producing plants in the United States, consisting of plants in Battle Creek, Michigan; Omaha, Nebraska; Lancaster, Pennsylvania; and Memphis, Tennessee. It is one of several strikes conducted by the BCTGM in 2021, including strike action against Frito-Lay and Nabisco.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 John Deere strike</span> Nationwide labor strike in the United States


The 2021 John Deere strike was a labor strike in the United States that began on October 14 and ended on November 17, and involved about 10,000 employees for John Deere, a manufacturer of agricultural and heavy machinery. These employees are members of the United Auto Workers (UAW) labor union, which had been negotiating a new contract with John Deere for several months. On November 17, the workers approved a new 6-year contract officially putting an end to the strike. The strike was John Deere's first in over three decades.

The 1986–87 John Deere strike and lockout was a conflict between Deere & Company, more commonly known as John Deere, and its employees. The workers, unionized as part of the United Auto Workers, began selective strikes at three Deere facilities on August 23, 1986. The selective strikes prompted Deere to close the rest of the facilities under the same labor contract as the original three striking locales, which the UAW, and later The New York Times, called a lockout. On February 1, 1987, workers ratified a tentative agreement which provided stronger benefits to Deere production employees. The conflict was the longest strike ever against Deere, lasting 163 days, or more than five months.

The 2021 Heaven Hill strike was a labor strike involving about 420 workers for the Heaven Hill bourbon whiskey distillery in Bardstown, Kentucky, United States. These workers are members of the United Food and Commercial Workers Local 23D and were on strike since September 11. The labor dispute is over the terms of a new five-year labor contract between the union and the company, which is one of the largest bourbon producers in the world. In particular, union members were concerned about "gray areas" in the contract that they believed could lead to union employees working weekends and extra overtime without pay. Additional concerns from the union were over reduced take-home pay and a removal of the limit on premiums for health care insurance. On September 9, union members voted by about 96 percent to reject the proposed contract and authorized strike action. As a result, the union's existing contract expired without replacement on September 10 and striking commenced the following day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 University of California academic workers' strike</span> Strike in California, United States

The 2022 University of California academic workers' strike was a labor strike at all campuses of the University of California (UC) system, including the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. On November 14, some 48,000 academic workers went on strike for better pay and benefits. Led by the United Auto Workers (UAW) labor union, it was the largest strike in the United States in 2022; union organizers describe it as the largest strike in all of U.S. higher education.

The 2022–2023 HarperCollins strike was a labor strike involving about 250 workers for HarperCollins, an American publishing company headquartered in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The workers, members of the United Auto Workers (UAW) Local 2110, went on strike on November 10, 2022, after failing to reach an agreement with the company regarding a new labor contract. The union members returned to work on February 21, 2023, after agreeing to a new contract that addressed many of the concerns they had initially had, including an increase in starting salaries and changes to some work regulations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 United Auto Workers strike</span> US automaker labor dispute

The 2023 United Auto Workers strike was a labor strike involving automobile workers in the labor union United Auto Workers (UAW) and the three unionized automakers in the United States—Ford Motor Company, General Motors, and Stellantis. These three automakers' factories combined employ about 145,000 UAW members and produce about 50 percent of the vehicles manufactured annually in the US, accounting for 1.5 percent of US GDP. The strike began on September 15, 2023, when the union was unable to reach a deal with the three automakers. It was the first trilateral strike against the three automakers in the union's history.

References

  1. ↑ "New River Valley Plant". Volvo Trucks . Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ranaivo, Yann (April 17, 2021). "Volvo workers strike at Pulaski County plant". The Roanoke Times . Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 "Strike ends at Volvo Trucks in Pulaski County". The Roanoke Times . Lee Enterprises. April 30, 2021. Archived from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Moxley, Tonia (June 7, 2021). "Union strike begins at Volvo plant in Dublin". The Roanoke Times . Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on June 8, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 Harvey, Neil (May 16, 2021). "Unionized workers at Volvo Trucks overwhelmingly reject contract proposal". The Roanoke Times . Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  6. 1 2 "Volvo and union at Pulaski County plant strike tentative deal". The Roanoke Times . Lee Enterprises. July 1, 2021. Archived from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  7. ↑ "No deal: Volvo truck workers striking again in Virginia". ABC News . American Broadcasting Company. Associated Press. June 7, 2021. Archived from the original on June 8, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  8. 1 2 "Union to strike at Volvo's Pulaski County plant after second contract rejection". The Roanoke Times . Lee Enterprises. June 7, 2021. Archived from the original on June 7, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  9. ↑ Otey, Jazmine (April 17, 2021). "New River Valley auto workers go on strike at Volvo truck plant". WSLS-TV . Archived from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  10. ↑ Szczesny, Joseph (April 20, 2021). "UAW Walking Picket Lines in Strike Against Volvo Truck". The Detroit Bureau. Archived from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  11. 1 2 Szczesny, Joseph (July 12, 2021). "Third Time isn't the Charm as UAW Votes No — Volvo Issues Ultimatum". The Detroit Bureau. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Finley, Ben; Krisher, Tom (September 6, 2021). "Labor shortage leaves union workers feeling more emboldened". AP News . Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 17, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  13. 1 2 Sturgeon, Jeff (April 23, 2021). "Strike at Pulaski County Volvo plant enters 2nd week". The Roanoke Times . Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  14. ↑ DeLuca, Pete (April 17, 2021). "United Auto Workers at Dublin Volvo plant go on strike". WDBJ . Archived from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  15. ↑ Reece, Janay (April 19, 2021). "Pulaski County auto workers at Volvo truck plant remain on strike". WDBJ . Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  16. ↑ Hawkins, Arrin (May 10, 2021). "'We will not back down,' 2,900 striking autoworkers tell Volvo". The Militant . 85 (18). Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  17. ↑ Fabris, Casey (May 20, 2021). "Volvo reaches tentative agreement with union". The Roanoke Times . Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  18. ↑ Rubinstein, Arlene (June 28, 2021). "Volvo Truck workers strike over wages, divisive two-tier". The Militant . 85 (25). Archived from the original on June 19, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  19. ↑ Reece, Janay (June 7, 2021). "WDBJ Exclusive: UAW leader speaks out on strike at Volvo Trucks". WDBJ . Archived from the original on June 8, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 Moxley, Tonia (June 18, 2021). "Strike continues in Pulaski County as UAW calls on Volvo to come back to bargaining". The Roanoke Times . Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on June 20, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  21. 1 2 Finley, Ben; Krisher, Tom (July 12, 2021). "Volvo Trucks to restart Virginia factory as strike continues". ABC News . American Broadcasting Company. Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  22. ↑ Callahan, Eddie (June 14, 2021). "Volvo Trucks, union negotiations resume Tuesday". WDBJ . Archived from the original on June 15, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  23. ↑ Rubinstein, Arlene (July 12, 2021). "Volvo strike in Virginia fights divisive wage tiers". The Militant . 85 (27). Archived from the original on July 3, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  24. 1 2 3 Moxley, Tonia (July 12, 2021). "Experts: UAW and Volvo face risks in current contract impasse". The Roanoke Times . Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on July 17, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  25. ↑ "Union, Volvo reach tentative deal at Virginia truck plant". ABC News . American Broadcasting Company. Associated Press. July 1, 2021. Archived from the original on July 2, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  26. 1 2 Moxley, Tonia (July 2, 2021). "Volvo workers in Dublin to vote on third tentative contract; company releases details". The Roanoke Times . Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on July 2, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  27. 1 2 Moxley, Tonia (July 9, 2021). "Volvo workers in Dublin reject third tentative contract". The Roanoke Times . Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on July 17, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  28. ↑ Lawrence, Eric D. (July 10, 2021). "Workers reject 3rd tentative agreement at Virginia Volvo plant". Detroit Free Press . Gannett. Archived from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  29. ↑ Reece, Janay (July 13, 2021). "Volvo Truck worker speaks out about strike from the picket line". WDBJ . Archived from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  30. ↑ Friedenberger, Amy (July 12, 2021). "Volvo leadership and union respond to impasse as Pulaski County plant reopens". The Roanoke Times . Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  31. ↑ Rubinstein, Arlene (July 26, 2021). "Autoworkers stand up to Volvo truck bosses". The Militant . 85 (29). Archived from the original on September 14, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  32. 1 2 3 Moxley, Tonia (July 14, 2021). "Volvo workers at Pulaski County plant narrowly approve contract". The Roanoke Times . Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on July 16, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  33. 1 2 3 Finley, Ben; Krisher, Tom (July 15, 2021). "UAW factory workers ratify deal, will end Volvo truck strike". ABC News . American Broadcasting Company. Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  34. ↑ Lawrence, Eric D. (July 15, 2021). "UAW-represented Volvo workers OK contract they rejected earlier, ending strike". Detroit Free Press . Gannett. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.