Jerome Adams

Last updated

Jerome Adams's voice
Jerome Adams speaks on Opioid Abuse
Recorded June 13, 2019
Jerome Adams
Jerome Adams 2019.jpg
Official portrait, 2019
20th Surgeon General of the United States
In office
September 5, 2017 –January 20, 2021

Jerome Michael Adams [3] (born September 22, 1974) is an American anesthesiologist and a former vice admiral in the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps who served as the 20th surgeon general of the United States from September 5, 2017, until January 20, 2021. Prior to becoming Surgeon General, he served as the Indiana state health commissioner, from 2014 to 2017.

Contents

On June 29, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Adams to become Surgeon General of the United States. [4] [5] Adams was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 3, 2017. [6] Adams' tenure as Surgeon General coincided with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. [7]

Early life and education

Adams is the son of Richard and Edrena Adams of Mechanicsville, Maryland, and grew up on the family farm. He attended Chopticon High School, graduating in 1992, in the top 5% of his class. [8] He then attended the University of Maryland Baltimore County through a full-tuition Meyerhoff Scholarship, a grant dedicated to minority students interested in the sciences. [9] Adams received his Bachelor of Science in biochemistry and his Bachelor of Arts in biopsychology. Additionally, Adams studied abroad in the Netherlands and Zimbabwe. [10]

Adams attended medical school at Indiana University School of Medicine as an Eli Lilly and Company Scholar. [9] He also received a Master of Public Health degree from the University of California, Berkeley, in 2000, with a focus on chronic disease prevention. [11] Adams completed his internship in internal medicine (2002–2003) at St. Vincent Indianapolis Hospital and his residency in anesthesiology (2003–2006) at Indiana University. He is board certified in anesthesiology. [12]

Career

Private practice and academia

After two years in private practice at Ball Memorial Hospital, [13] [14] Adams was named assistant professor of anesthesiology at Indiana University. [15] [16] He has written several academic papers and book chapters, including chapters in Anesthesia Student Survival Guide: A Case-based Approach, [17] and an editorial in the American Journal of Public Health , "Are Pain Management Questions in Patient Satisfaction Surveys Driving the Opioid Epidemic?" [18]

Indiana state health commissioner

In October 2014, Adams was appointed Indiana state health commissioner. He was originally appointed by Governor Mike Pence and re-appointed by newly elected governor Eric Holcomb in 2017. [19] In this role, he oversaw the Public Health Protection and Laboratory Services, Health and Human Services, Health Care Quality and Regulatory, and Tobacco Prevention and Cessation Commissions. He also served as Secretary of Indiana State Department of Health's executive board, as Chairman of the Indiana State Trauma Care Committee, as President of the Healthy Hoosier Foundation, and as co-chairman of the Indiana Perinatal Quality Improvement Collaborative Governing Council. [15] During an HIV epidemic in 2015, Adams initially opposed needle-exchange programs on "moral" grounds, but he later changed his position as cases continued to mount. [20]

Surgeon General of the United States

U.S. vice president Mike Pence swearing in Adams as U.S. Surgeon General on September 5, 2017. USSurgeonGeneralSwearingInCeremonyJeromeAdams05SEPT2017.jpg
U.S. vice president Mike Pence swearing in Adams as U.S. Surgeon General on September 5, 2017.

On June 29, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Adams as surgeon general of the United States. [4] He was confirmed to the position by the Senate on August 3, 2017. [21] Upon his confirmation, Adams said that addressing the opioid epidemic along with untreated mental illness would be two of his major priorities. [6] Adams was sworn in as surgeon general on September 5, 2017, [22] and received his commission shortly after.

In April 2018, Adams urged Americans who are at risk of overdosing on opioids, as well as their family and friends, to carry an over-the-counter antidote to help combat rising fatalities. [23] [24] In May 2018, Adams responded to an in-flight medical emergency on a flight to Jackson, Mississippi. [25]

In September 2018, Adams began a campaign along with other public health officials to promote seasonal flu vaccinations. The 2017 flu epidemic had resulted in the deaths of an estimated 80,000 Americans, the highest number of deaths in at least four decades, according to CDC director Robert Redfield. Of the 180 children who died, 80 percent were unvaccinated. [26] [6]

COVID-19 pandemic

Adams speaking to the White House press corps on COVID-19 in March 2020. President Trump, Vice President Pence, and Members of the Coronavirus Task Force Brief the Press (49645645448).jpg
Adams speaking to the White House press corps on COVID-19 in March 2020.

In February 2020, Adams was appointed to the task force for dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. [27] Adams initially downplayed the risk from COVID-19 by comparing it to the flu, which was criticized by experts. [28] [29] He also strongly implored people not to buy or use face masks because he said they were “NOT effective” in preventing the general public from catching COVID-19, [30] [31] and that wearing a mask could actually increase the risk of catching the virus. [32] This was in line with other health experts, including Anthony Fauci, who were working on limited information at the time.

Adams later retracted this recommendation because he said there was new information about the asymptomatic spread of the virus. [33] [34] Politico reported in April 2020 that Adams had been largely sidelined by the administration. [7]

When asked about African-Americans’ increased risks from COVID, Adams replied that “African-Americans and Latinos should avoid alcohol, drugs and tobacco. Do it for your abuela, do it for your granddaddy, do it for your big momma, do it for your pop-pop.” Public health experts criticized his assertions as misleading and lacking adequate context. [35]

Adams expressed concern that the George Floyd protests could lead to a spike in COVID-19 cases. According to Adams, "Based on the way the disease spreads, there is every reason to expect that we will see new clusters and potentially new outbreaks moving forward." [36]

Adams confirmed that he was asked to step down as Surgeon General by the incoming Biden administration. Former surgeon general Vivek Murthy took his place. [37] He officially resigned on January 20, 2021, at the request of President Joe Biden. [38]

Subsequent career

Following his service as surgeon general, Adams joined Purdue University in October 2021 as a Presidential Fellow and its first executive director of health equity initiatives, professor of practice in the departments of Pharmacy Practice and Public Health, and a faculty member of the Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering. [39] Having been part of the Trump administration, he described how this made it difficult to obtain a position in academia or the corporate world. [40]

Personal life

Adams is Catholic, and he and his wife Lacey have three children. [41] [42]

Awards and decorations

PHSCC FMRB.png
U.S. - Public Health Service Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.png Public Health Service Meritorious Service Medal ribbon.png
Public Health Service Outstanding Service Medal ribbon.png
Ribbonstar-bronze.svg
Public Health Service Outstanding Unit Citation ribbon.png
Public Health Service Unit Commendation ribbon.png
USPHS Global Health Campaign Medal ribbon.svg USPHS Covid-19 Pandemic medal ribbon bar.svg Public Health Service Crisis Response Service Award ribbon.png
Humanitarian Service Medal ribbon.svg Public Health Service Regular Corps Ribbon.png USPHS Commissioned Corps Training Ribbon.png
USPHSCC Surgeon General Badge.png Office of HHS ID Badge.png
Field Medical Readiness Badge
Public Health Service Distinguished Service Medal [43] Public Health Service Meritorious Service Medal
Public Health Service Outstanding Service Medal Public Health Service Outstanding Unit Citation
with bronze service star 		Public Health Service Unit Commendation
Public Health Service Global Health Campaign Medal Public Health Service COVID-19 Pandemic Campaign Medal Public Health Service Crisis Response Service Award
Humanitarian Service Medal Public Health Service Regular Corps Ribbon Commissioned Corps Training Ribbon
Surgeon General Badge Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services Badge

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mike Pence</span> Vice president of the United States from 2017 to 2021

Michael Richard Pence is an American politician who served as the 48th vice president of the United States from 2017 to 2021 under President Donald Trump. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the 50th governor of Indiana from 2013 to 2017, and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 2001 to 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anthony Fauci</span> American immunologist (born 1940)

Anthony Stephen Fauci is an American physician-scientist and immunologist who served as the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) from 1984 to 2022, and the chief medical advisor to the president from 2021 to 2022. Fauci was one of the world's most frequently cited scientists across all scientific journals from 1983 to 2002. In 2008, President George W. Bush awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States, for his work on the AIDS relief program PEPFAR.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alex Azar</span> American attorney, businessman, lobbyist and pharmaceutical executive (born 1967)

Alex Michael Azar II is an American attorney, businessman, lobbyist, and former pharmaceutical executive who served as the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services from 2018 to 2021. Azar was nominated to his post by President Donald Trump on November 13, 2017, and confirmed by the United States Senate on January 24, 2018. He was also chairman of the White House Coronavirus Task Force from its inception in January 2020 to February 2020, when he was replaced by Vice President Mike Pence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andy Slavitt</span> American medical official (born 1966)

Andrew M. Slavitt is an American businessman and healthcare advisor who served as the acting administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services from March 2015 to January 2017 and as a temporary Senior Advisor to the COVID-19 Response Coordinator in the Biden administration. A leader of the team that helped to repair the healthcare.gov website after its initial rollout, he was nominated by Barack Obama to run CMS in July 2015. In January 2021, Slavitt accepted a temporary role as Senior Pandemic Advisor to President Joe Biden’s COVID-19 pandemic response team. He stepped down from that role in June 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brett Giroir</span> American physician-scientist (born 1960)

Brett P. Giroir is an American pediatrician. He was formerly the U.S. assistant secretary for health, a four-star admiral in the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and an acting Food and Drug Administration commissioner.

Marc K. Siegel is an American physician, clinical professor of medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center, author, and contributor to The Hill, The Wall Street Journal, Slate, Fox News, and member of the board of contributors at USA Today. He is the medical director of NYU's Doctor Radio on Sirius XM.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vivek Murthy</span> American physician, surgeon general, vice admiral

Vivek Hallegere Murthy is an American physician and a vice admiral in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps who has served as the 19th and 21st surgeon general of the United States under Presidents Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and Joe Biden. Murthy is the first surgeon general of Indian descent, and, during his first term as surgeon general, he was the youngest active duty flag officer in federal uniformed service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deborah Birx</span> American physician and diplomat

Deborah Leah Birx is an American physician and diplomat who served as the White House Coronavirus Response Coordinator under President Donald J. Trump from 2020 to 2021. Birx specializes in HIV/AIDS immunology, vaccine research, and global health. Starting in 2014, she oversaw the implementation of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program to support HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention programs in 65 countries. From 2014-2020, Birx was the United States global AIDS coordinator for presidents Barack Obama and Donald J. Trump and served as the United States special representative for global health diplomacy between 2015 and 2021. Birx was part of the White House Coronavirus Task Force from February 2020 to January 2021. In March 2021, Birx joined ActivePure Technology as Chief Medical and Science Advisor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scott Gottlieb</span> American physician and government administrator (born 1972)

Scott Gottlieb is an American physician, investor, and author who served as the 23rd commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from May 2017 until April 2019. He is presently a senior fellow at the conservative think tank the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), a partner at the venture capital firm New Enterprise Associates (NEA), a member of the board of directors of drug maker Pfizer, Inc and gene sequencing company Illumina, Inc., and a contributor to the cable financial news network CNBC and the CBS News program Face the Nation. An elected member of the National Academy of Medicine, Gottlieb is the author of The New York Times best selling book Uncontrolled Spread on the COVID-19 pandemic and the national security vulnerabilities that it revealed. His forthcoming book, The Miracle Century: Making Sense of the Cell Therapy Revolution, traces the scientific achievements that propelled progress in cell therapies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Theresa Tam</span> 3rd chief public health officer of Canada

Theresa Tam is a Canadian physician and public servant who currently serves as the chief public health officer of Canada, who is the second-in-command of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). Tam initially took the role as acting CPHO following the retirement of her predecessor, Gregory Taylor, on 16 December 2016. She was formally appointed on 26 June 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</span>

In the United States, the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in 103,436,829 confirmed cases with 1,188,935 all-time deaths, the most of any country, and the 20th highest per capita worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic is the deadliest disaster in the country's history. It was the third-leading cause of death in the U.S. in 2020, behind heart disease and cancer. From 2019 to 2020, U.S. life expectancy dropped by 3 years for Hispanic and Latino Americans, 2.9 years for African Americans, and 1.2 years for white Americans. In 2021, U.S. deaths due to COVID-19 rose and life expectancy fell.

Planning and preparing for pandemics has happened in countries and international organizations. The World Health Organization writes recommendations and guidelines, though there is no sustained mechanism to review countries' preparedness for epidemics and their rapid response abilities. National action depends on national governments. In 2005–2006, before the 2009 swine flu pandemic and during the decade following it, the governments in the United States, France, UK, and others managed strategic health equipment stocks, but they often reduced stocks after the 2009 pandemic in order to reduce costs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic</span> Aspect of 2020 viral outbreak

The Donald Trump administration communicated in various ways during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, including via social media, interviews, and press conferences with the White House Coronavirus Task Force. Opinion polling conducted in mid-April 2020 indicated that less than half of Americans trusted health information provided by Trump and that they were more inclined to trust local government officials, state government officials, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases director Anthony Fauci.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rick Bright</span> American immunologist and whisteblower

Rick Arthur Bright is an American immunologist, vaccine researcher, and public health official. He was the director of the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) from 2016 to 2020. In May 2020, he filed a whistleblower complaint, alleging that the Trump administration ignored his early warnings about the COVID-19 pandemic and illegally retaliated against him by ousting him from his role and demoting him to a position at the National Institutes of Health. On October 6, 2020, Bright resigned from the government. On November 9 he was named a member of President-elect Joe Biden's coronavirus advisory board.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</span> US Health control procedure against COVID-19

The wearing of non-medical face masks in public to lessen the transmission of COVID-19 in the United States was first recommended by the CDC on April 3, 2020, as supplemental to hygiene and appropriate social distancing. Throughout the pandemic, various states, counties, and municipalities have issued health orders requiring the wearing of non-medical face coverings — such as cloth masks — in spaces and businesses accessible to the public, especially when physical distancing is not possible.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic</span> Actions by the U.S. federal government regarding the COVID-19 pandemic

The federal government of the United States initially responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country with various declarations of emergency, some of which led to travel and entry restrictions and the formation of the White House Coronavirus Task Force. As the pandemic progressed in the U.S. and globally, the U.S. government began issuing recommendations regarding the response by state and local governments, as well as social distancing measures and workplace hazard controls. State governments played a primary role in adopting policies to address the pandemic. Following the closure of most businesses throughout a number of U.S. states, President Donald Trump announced the mobilization of the National Guard in the most affected areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trump administration political interference with science agencies</span> Political interference with science agencies of the Trump administration

During his term as president of the United States (2017–2021), Donald Trump and his administration repeatedly politicized science by pressuring or overriding health and science agencies to change their reporting and recommendations so as to conform to his policies and public comments. This was particularly true with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, but also included suppressing research on climate change and weakening or eliminating environmental regulations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 Advisory Board</span> U.S. president-elect Bidens COVID-19 Advisory Board

The COVID-19 Advisory Board was announced in November 2020 by President-elect of the United States Joe Biden as part of his presidential transition. It was co-chaired by physicians David A. Kessler, Marcella Nunez-Smith, and Vivek Murthy and comprises 13 health experts. The board was then succeeded by the White House COVID-19 Response Team upon Biden's presidency in January 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 misinformation by the United States</span> False information propagated by U.S. officials

Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic has been propagated by various public figures, including officials of the United States government. The Trump administration in particular made a large number of misleading statements about the pandemic. A Cornell University study found that former U.S. President Donald Trump was "likely the largest driver" of the COVID-19 misinformation infodemic in English-language media, downplaying the virus and promoting unapproved drugs. Others have also been accused of spreading misinformation, including U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, backing conspiracy theories regarding the origin of the virus, U.S. senators and New York City mayor Bill de Blasio, who downplayed the virus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic</span> Actions by the United States regarding the COVID-19 pandemic

The United States' response to the COVID-19 pandemic with consists of various measures by the medical community; the federal, state, and local governments; the military; and the private sector. The public response has been highly polarized, with partisan divides being observed and a number of concurrent protests and unrest complicating the response.

References

  1. ↑ "Pence names Adams Indiana's health commissioner". October 9, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  2. ↑ "Indiana Names OB-GYN To Fill Vacated Health Commissioner Seat". Wfyi.org. September 18, 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  3. ↑ "Nominee Report | U.S. Office of Government Ethics" (PDF). altgov2.org. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  4. 1 2 Joseph, Andrew (June 29, 2017). "Jerome Adams nominated as new U.S. surgeon general". STAT. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  5. ↑ FOX59 Web (June 29, 2017). "President Trump nominates Indiana Health Commissioner Jerome Adams for U.S. Surgeon General". Fox 59. Retrieved June 29, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. 1 2 3 Scutti, Susan (August 4, 2017). "Dr. Jerome Adams confirmed as surgeon general". CNN . Retrieved August 4, 2017.
  7. 1 2 Diamond, Dan (April 20, 2020). "Surgeon general gets pushed to sidelines, sparking questions". POLITICO. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  8. ↑ McDaniels, Andrea K. (September 7, 2017). "New surgeon general's science background was nurtured in Maryland". baltimoresun.com. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  9. 1 2 Wapner, Jessica (July 6, 2017). "Who Is Jerome Adams? Surgeon General Pick Battled HIV Outbreak With Clean Needles in Indiana". Newsweek . Retrieved August 2, 2017.
  10. ↑ McDaniels, Andrea K. (September 7, 2017). "New surgeon general's science background was nurtured in Maryland". baltimoresun.com. Baltimore Sun. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  11. ↑ Groppe, Maureen (August 1, 2017). "Jerome Adams promises to put science ahead of politics as surgeon general". USA Today . Retrieved August 2, 2017.
  12. ↑ "American Society of Anesthesiologists Congratulates Jerome Adams, M.D., for Surgeon General Nomination". American Society of Anesthesiologists. June 29, 2017. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  13. ↑ Rudavsky, Shari (August 1, 2017). "He helped address Indiana's public health crisis. Can he do the same as surgeon general?". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  14. ↑ Straehley, Steve; Wallechinsky, David (July 14, 2017). "Surgeon General of the United States: Who Is Jerome Adams?". AllGov. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  15. 1 2 "Jerome M. Adams, MD". Indiana University School of Medicine . Retrieved April 11, 2020.
  16. ↑ "Faculty | Anesthesia | IU School of Medicine". Indiana University School of Medicine. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved April 11, 2020.
  17. ↑ Ehrenfeld, Jesse M.; Urman, Richard D.; Segal, Scott, eds. (2016). Anesthesia Student Survival Guide: A Case-based Approach (Second ed.). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp. ix, 31–88. ISBN   978-3-319-11083-7. OCLC   944030400.
  18. ↑ Adams, Jerome; Bledsoe, Gregory H.; Armstrong, John H. (May 6, 2016). "Are Pain Management Questions in Patient Satisfaction Surveys Driving the Opioid Epidemic?". American Journal of Public Health . 106 (6): 985–986. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303228. PMC   4880256 . PMID   27153016.
  19. ↑ "ISDH: State Health Commissioner". in.gov. Archived from the original on April 7, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  20. ↑ Schumaker, Erin (June 30, 2017). "How An HIV Outbreak Changed Trump's Surgeon General Nominee". HuffPost . Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  21. ↑ "PN723 - Nomination of Jerome M. Adams for Public Health Service, 115th Congress (2017-2018)". Congress.gov . August 3, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  22. ↑ Wallace, Amy (September 5, 2017). "New surgeon general to advocate for science, compassion as guides for policy". United Press International . Retrieved April 11, 2020.
  23. ↑ CNBC (April 5, 2018). "Surgeon general urges Americans to carry overdose antidote". CNBC . Archived from the original on April 6, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
  24. ↑ "Americans urged to carry overdose antidote in effort to tackle drug deaths". TheJournal.ie. Associated Press. April 5, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
  25. ↑ Leonard, Kimberly (May 16, 2018). "When the Delta crew asked if there was a doctor on board, they got a yes – from the surgeon general". Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  26. ↑ O'Reilly, Eileen Drage (September 27, 2018). "Last year's flu season killed the most people in the U.S. in 4 decades". Axios . Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  27. ↑ Who are the Coronavirus Task Force members?
  28. ↑ Law, Tara (April 6, 2020). "Surgeon General Adams Warns of 'Saddest Week of Most Americans' Lives' as COVID-19 Pandemic Spreads". Time.
  29. ↑ Stieb, Matt (April 5, 2020). "As White House Tells States to 'Do Your Part,' Governors Ask What Trump Is Doing". New York Intelligencer . New York Intelligencer . Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  30. ↑ Cramer, Maria; Sheikh, Knvul (February 29, 2020). "Surgeon General Urges the Public to Stop Buying Face Masks". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  31. ↑ Asmelash, Leah (February 29, 2020). "The surgeon general wants Americans to stop buying face masks". CNN . Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  32. ↑ Perrett, Connor (March 2, 2020). "The US Surgeon General once warned against wearing face masks for the coronavirus but the CDC now recommends it". Business Insider . Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  33. ↑ "Originally, @CDCgov, @WHO, and my office all recommended against the general public wearing facemasks based on the best available science at the time regarding whether or not they prevent wearers from catching coronavirus. But we are learning more about this disease every day..." Twitter . April 1, 2020.
  34. ↑ Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. (February 2020). "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China". Lancet . 395 (10223): 497–506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 . PMC   7159299 . PMID   31986264. Lock-green.svg
  35. ↑ Bunn, Curtis (April 15, 2020). "Black health experts say surgeon general's comments reflect lack of awareness of black community". NBC News . Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  36. ↑ Bowden, John (June 2, 2020). "Surgeon general: 'Every reason to expect' coronavirus clusters after protests". The Hill . Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  37. ↑ Pitofsky, Marina (January 20, 2021). "Surgeon General Jerome Adams says Biden transition asked him to resign". The Hill . Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  38. ↑ Diamond, Dan (January 20, 2021). "Surgeon General resigns at Biden's request". The Washington Post . Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  39. ↑ "Purdue Today" . Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  40. ↑ Shapero, Julia (November 25, 2022). "Ex-surgeon general: 'People still are afraid to touch anything that is associated with Trump'". The Hill. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  41. ↑ "VADM Jerome M. Adams, M.D., M.P.H." HHS.gov U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. January 20, 2015. Archived from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
  42. ↑ Remedios, Jesse (April 16, 2020). "Experts question surgeon general who talks God's 'plan' with pandemic". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  43. ↑ "U.S. Surgeon General resigns at Biden's request: MSNBC". Reuters . Retrieved February 27, 2021.
Military offices
Preceded by Surgeon General of the United States
2017–2021		Succeeded by
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.