Dryandra Woodland National Park

Last updated

Dryandra Woodland National Park
Noongar: Wilgadjny
Dryandra woodland ent gnangarra.JPG
Entrance to Dryandra Woodland on the Narrogin-Wandering road
Dryandra Woodland National Park
Dryandra Woodland National Park is situated approximately 164 kilometres (102 miles) south-east of Perth in Western Australia.
Location Wheatbelt, Western Australia
Coordinates 32°47′00″S116°58′01″E / 32.7833°S 116.967°E / -32.7833; 116.967 (Dryandra Woodland National Park) Coordinates: 32°47′00″S116°58′01″E / 32.7833°S 116.967°E / -32.7833; 116.967 (Dryandra Woodland National Park) OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Area280.66 km2 (108.36 sq mi)
Established
  • 1976 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg (Nature reserve)
  • 2022 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg (National park)
Named for Banksia ser. Dryandra
Website parks.dpaw.wa.gov.au/park/dryandra-woodland-national-park OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Official nameDryandra Woodland
TypeNatural
Designated21 March 1978
Reference no. 9928
Place File Number5/06/094/0001

The Dryandra Woodland National Park is a national park in Western Australia within the shires of Cuballing, Williams and Wandering, about 164 kilometres (102 miles) south-east of Perth and 22 kilometres (14 miles) north-west of the town of Narrogin. It is a complex of 17 distinct blocks managed by the Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife and spread over approximately 50 kilometres (31 miles) separated by areas of agricultural land. The area is considered to be one of the state's major conservation areas, and although it is far from pristine due to its history of logging operations, a number of species of threatened fauna are rebuilding populations through the removal of introduced predators such as foxes and feral cats.

Contents

The combined area of the woodland is 28,066 hectares (108.36 square miles), with individual blocks ranging in size from 87 hectares (0.34 square miles) to 12,283 hectares (47.42 square miles). [1] [2] Part of Dryandra Woodland is listed on the Register of the National Estate by the Australian Heritage Council. [3]

In addition to the area's use as a wildlife refuge, it has anthropological significance with the indigenous Noongar people having strong cultural links there. [4]

Dryandra Woodland was declared a national park on 17 January 2022. [5]

Description

Typical heath in non-replanted areas of Dryandra Woodland Dryandra Woodland 023.jpg
Typical heath in non-replanted areas of Dryandra Woodland
Dryandra Woodland logo Dryandra logo.jpg
Dryandra Woodland logo

The Dryandra Woodland is found within the south-western province of the Yilgarn craton, "an ancient plateau composed mainly of granite, with intrusions of dolerite and capped with laterite. Past weathering of the plateau in the Dryandra area has produced a gently undulating countryside". [1]

The woodland lies close to the boundary between the Mallee and Avon Wheatbelt biogeographic regions of the Southwest Botanical Province. [6] It is situated on the western edge of the state's Wheatbelt region; the area is a rare remnant of the open eucalypt woodlands that covered much of the wheatbelt prior to the land clearing that started from the 1890s. Dryandra's flora is transitional between that of the moister jarrah forest (generally to the south) and the semi-arid wheatbelt (to the east). It is known particularly for its extensive stands of wandoo ( Eucalyptus wandoo ), powderbark wandoo ( E. accedens ) and salmon white gum ( E. lane-poolei ), and provides a haven for native flora and fauna while much of the surrounding country is badly affected by salinity. Stands of jarrah ( E. marginata ) and marri ( Corymbia calophylla ) provide additional top cover, and the understorey contains rock sheoak ( Allocasuarina huegeliana ) and extensive areas of Banksia ser. Dryandra . Until early 2007 this latter shrub was classified as a separate genus Dryandra, after which the woodland is named. Species include golden dryandra ( Banksia nobilis ) and prickly dryandra ( B. armata ). [3] An arboretum on Tomingley Road holds a range of Australian native plants.[ citation needed ]

Dryandra Woodland and surrounding townships in the south-west of Western Australia Dryandra.svg
Dryandra Woodland and surrounding townships in the south-west of Western Australia

The 17 lots are surrounded by a largely cleared and agricultural landscape. [1] In some cases, road reserves and other linking corridors of uncleared vegetation remain between the woodland islands. Some neighbouring landowners have revegetated areas of previously cleared private land to form additional corridors between these remnants. [7] For certain animals, movement between blocks is necessary on a daily, seasonal or intermittent basis, to provide access to food, shelter, breeding sites and partners.[ citation needed ]

Threatened fauna receive extra protection within the Barna Mia animal sanctuary, which is open to visitors by appointment for nocturnal tours on alternate evenings. [8] Native marsupial fauna include the woylie (Bettongia penicillata), bilby ( Macrotis lagotis ), mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus), boodie (Bettongia lesueur), and marl (western barred bandicoot: Perameles bougainville). The quenda (southern brown bandicoot: Isoodon obesulus) is locally extinct but may be reintroduced. [1]

A rufous hare-wallaby, extinct in the wild on mainland Australia, at Barna Mia Lagorchestes hirsutus (40007266231).jpg
A rufous hare-wallaby, extinct in the wild on mainland Australia, at Barna Mia
Galahs, Dryandra Woodland Galahs, Dryandra Woodland, Western Australia.jpg
Galahs, Dryandra Woodland

The woodland's position on the transition zone between the wheatbelt and the jarrah forest determines amphibian populations, with several species existing at the eastern or western limits of their range. Herpetofauna includes the western marsh frog (golden flecked burrowing frog, Heleioporus barycragus), which is generally restricted to the western Darling Range. [3] There are at least 98 species of bird in the woodland, [3] including the almost flightless malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata).[ citation needed ]

Climatically, Dryandra is described as semi-arid, with a warm, dry, Mediterranean climate. It has seven to eight dry months each year with an annual average rainfall of about 500 millimetres (20 in). Seasonal changes in temperature, rainfall and wind direction are marked and more extreme than coastal areas of the south-west. [9]

Role in fauna and flora protection

Numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus) Numbat.jpg
Numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus)

The following fauna are known to be living in the woodland and have a conservation status of "threatened" as recorded in the IUCN Red List:

Common nameScientific nameCategory
Brush-tailed bettong
(also known as woylie)		 Bettongia penicillata Critically endangered [10]
Red-tailed phascogale Phascogale calura Near threatened [11]
Short-billed black-cockatoo
(also known as Carnaby's black cockatoo)		 Calyptorhynchus latirostris Endangered [12]
Numbat Myrmecobius fasciatus Vulnerable [13]
Chuditch
(also known as western quoll)		 Dasyurus geoffroii Near threatened [14]
Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata Vulnerable [15]

Major populations of three nationally endangered species exist in the woodlands: the woylie, the red tailed phascogale, and over 50 percent of the total known population of numbat. [3]

After measures aimed at excluding feral cats, the population of numbats in the Dryandra Woodland had increased to 35 by November 2020, after recording just 10 in 2019 and 5 in 2018. There had not been so many numbats recorded since 36 were recorded in the 1990s. [16]

Over 800 native flora have been identified within the Dryandra Woodland, including 15 that have been declared priority species under the Department of Environment and Conservation's Declared Rare and Priority Flora List. [17] The conservation codes of P2 thru P4 are for flora that are considered rare but have some populations in areas where they are thought not be under immediate threat; higher numbers denote a lower threat level.[ citation needed ]

Scientific nameConservation
priority code
Grevillea crowleyae P2
Amanita carneiphylla P2
Andersonia bifida P2
Marianthus dryandra P2
Chamelaucium croxfordiae msP2
Banksia acanthopoda P2
Persoonia hakeiformis P2
Schoenus aff. clandestinus P2
Triglochin stowardii P3
Acacia brachyphylla var. recurvata P3
Acacia deflexa P3
Acacia semitrullata P3
Thysanotus tenuis P3
Banksia cynaroides P4
Gastrolobium tomentosum (woolly poison)P4

Mallet

Mallet plantation Dryandra Woodland 024.jpg
Mallet plantation

In the early 1900s a significant industry established within the forest and surrounding region harvesting bark from brown mallet trees ( Eucalyptus astringens ), [18] a species of eucalypt which grows on and near laterite soils in parts of the southern wheatbelt. Bark sent to Germany for analysis was found to contain more than 40% of high quality, water-soluble tannins suitable for the production of quality leather by the process of tanning. [1]

By the mid-1920s, concerns were being raised about the ability of the area to maintain the supply of naturally grown mallet and by 1929, stands of the naturally grown mallet had almost disappeared. So, between 1925 and 1962 mallet plantations were established under the management of the Forestry Department which, during the Depression, provided employment for sustenance workers who planted some 4,000 hectares (9,900 acres) of mallet, starting near Lol Gray lookout. [19] In 1933, 50 forestry workers were employed in the plantations. [7] Seven steam trains and a sawmill supported the industry within the woodland. Two dams, Lol Gray and the Old Mill Dam, provided good quality water to run the trains, as well as domestic water supplies that were carted by train to nearby towns including Narrogin. [7]

Mallet bark was exported in ground form and was handled by a number of Fremantle exporters, notably Henry Will & Co., Rosenstamms and Joyce Bros. [20] Production after 1959 declined rapidly, coinciding with a world glut, increased royalty and production costs, and increased competition from synthetic tannins. The industry had effectively collapsed by the early 1960s. [1] [7]

Replanted forests now extend over approximately 30%, or 8,300 hectares (21,000 acres), of Dryandra. Harvesting from plantation areas for timber production continues today under the Department of Environment and Conservation's management plan, which includes a vision for the area over the next 100 years. Conservation studies have shown that the managed harvesting will have no detrimental impact on the fauna habitat. [1]

In 1960, Arthur Hunter, a local farmer, started manufacturing tool handles from naturally fallen and low-grade felled wandoo and mallet. [7] This cottage industry has now expanded to produce over 100,000 tool handles each year. As well as tool handles, fencing materials and cutting of firewood for domestic use provide local employment. [1]

Noongar use

The Dryandra area is the country of the Wiilman subgroup of the Aboriginal Noongar people. [19] They have strong cultural links with Dryandra, [3] which they know as Wilgadjny. [4] Within the complex, five important archaeological sites have been identified, including an ochre pit used for body decoration and rock art. One Noongar man born in 1910 described the ochre pit as being "a very spirity place" and somewhere to be avoided at night. [4] Other known sites include artefact scatters, stone arrangements and a scarred tree, however the woodland has not yet been fully surveyed for significant Aboriginal sites. [1]

In 1995, following requests from local Aboriginal people, the Department of Environment and Conservation was considering the feasibility of permitting some cultural activities including hunting and camping within the woodland, to pass on skills to younger members of that community. If permitted, such activities would need to be managed on a sustainable basis to ensure that the conservation goals of the woodland are not compromised. [1] [ needs update ]

Recent history

The Currawong Complex adjacent to the Lions village caters for groups of up to 60 visitors Dryandra Woodland 004.jpg
The Currawong Complex adjacent to the Lions village caters for groups of up to 60 visitors

Almost all of the land within the complex today was classified as a state forest in 1903 as an area for the protection of water catchments and growing wandoo and mallet forests. [19]

In 1962, a sub-committee of the Western Australian branch of the Australian Academy of Science made recommendations which were reviewed in 1972 and 1974 by the Environmental Protection Authority of Western Australia. In summary, the recommendations were:

"The Committee emphasises the outstanding value of the Dryandra area as wildlife habitat. This is due largely to the protection and management which the area has hitherto received from the Forests Department. The Committee recommends:

The recommendations were endorsed by the state cabinet in 1976. Since that time, Dryandra has been managed principally as a nature reserve but also for limited commercial operations related to plantation timber. [1]

In 1995, a management plan was prepared by the Department of Conservation and Land Management (now Department of Environment and Conservation) for the Lands and Forest Commission who hold tenure over the state forests which form the woodland. The plan recommended (amongst other things) that the entire area be referred to officially as "Dryandra Woodland" rather than as various state forests in recognition of its structural difference with the taller and denser forests of the Darling Range. [1] Previously, a smaller section had been referred to as "Dryandra", with other sections known by their various forestry names.[ citation needed ]

The principal objectives of the plan were:

Accommodation and tourism

The Lions Village accommodation, which uses former forestry workers huts Dryandra Woodland 006.jpg
The Lions Village accommodation, which uses former forestry workers huts

Dryandra Woodland attracts approximately 30,000 visitors per annum, including 5,000 overnight visits at the Dryandra campsite and settlement within the complex. [1] Accommodation is available at the Congelin and Gnaala Mia campgrounds and at the Lions Dryandra Village, which uses restored cottages from the 1920s Forests Department settlement. [21] Adjacent to the cottages is the Currawong Complex, which has several Nissen huts acquired from an Air Force base and now used to accommodate up to 60 people in groups. The Lions Village was established by several Perth based Lions service clubs in 1972 with the intention of providing a holiday camp for disadvantaged children. [22]

Two separate self-drive tours of 20 km (12 mi) and 25 km (16 mi) operate within Dryandra, where visitors can follow a marked trail in their own vehicles. [23] On arrival at one of the five or six stop points, an approximate five-minute broadcast through the car's FM radio provides a narrative commentary explaining interesting aspects of the surrounding area. The commentaries are pre-recorded on microchips and broadcast using concealed low power transmitters charged by solar panels. Some of the broadcasts are staged conversations between characters describing day-to-day events in an early forestry worker's life in Dryandra. Others give a more technical explanation of a particular subject applicable to flora or fauna within a short distance of the car. [24] For example, one stop discusses the naturally occurring poison pea plant (Gastrolobium spp) in the woodlands and the extraction and effect of the sodium fluoroacetate poison that occurs in the plant. [25] Native mammalian herbivores have evolved with a high level of genetic tolerance to the toxin, which is deadly to introduced species including foxes. Baiting programs including the highly successful Western Shield project use sodium fluoroacetate to help control foxes without harming native fauna. [7]

In addition, various 30 minute to five-hour bushwalks can be made along signposted trails through the woodlands, ranging in length from 1 to 12.5 kilometres (0.62 to 7.77 mi). [26]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Numbat</span> Species of Australian marsupial

The numbat, also known as the noombat or walpurti, is an insectivorous marsupial. It is diurnal and its diet consists almost exclusively of termites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Woylie</span> Species of marsupial

The woylie or brush-tailed bettong is a small, critically endangered, gerbil-like mammal native to forests and shrubland of Australia. A member of the rat-kangaroo family (Potoroidae), it moves by hopping and is active at night, digging for fungi to eat. It is also a marsupial and carries its young in a pouch. Once widespread, the woylie mostly died out from habitat loss and introduced predators such as foxes. It is currently restricted to two small areas in Western Australia. There are two subspecies: B. p. ogilbyi in the west, and the now-extinct B. p. penicillata in the southeast.

<i>Eucalyptus accedens</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus accedens, commonly known as smooth bark wandoo or powderbark wandoo is a species of tree endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. Although the common names suggest it is similar to wandoo,, the two species are very different botanically. The bark of E. accedens has talc-like powder, at least on the protected side of the trunk and the tree usually grows on laterite in higher places.

<i>Banksia acanthopoda</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia acanthopoda is a species of shrub in the family Proteaceae. It grows as a small spreading shrub to 2 m high and has prickly leaves and yellow composite flower heads, called inflorescences, composed of 50 to 60 individual yellow flowers. Flowering takes place in the southern hemisphere winter. Endemic to Western Australia, it occurs only in a few populations in the vicinities of Woodanilling, Katanning and Darkan. Because of its rarity, it is classed as "Priority Two" conservation flora by Western Australia's Department of Environment and Conservation.

<i>Banksia aurantia</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia native to Western Australia

Banksia aurantia, commonly known as the orange dryandra, is a shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has underground stems, deeply divided leaves with 18 to 28 lobes on each sides, about eighty pale orange-pink flowers in each inflorescence, and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia columnaris</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia columnaris is a species of column-like shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has pinnatifid leaves with between five and eighteen lobes on each side, heads of pale yellow to purple flowers and usually only one or two follicles forming in each head.

<i>Banksia proteoides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia proteoides, commonly known as king dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra proteoides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.

<i>Banksia wonganensis</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia wonganensis is a large shrub endemic to Western Australia that, until 2007, was previously known as Dryandra wonganensis. It occurs within a small area in the vicinity of the Wongan Hills. It grows on lateritic soils in open woodland or amongst dense shrub. It is rare, but does not appear to be endangered.

<i>Eucalyptus rudis</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus rudis, commonly known as flooded gum or moitch, is a species of small to medium-sized tree endemic to coastal areas near Perth, Western Australia. The Noongar names for the tree are colaille, gooloorto, koolert and moitch. This tree has rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and large branches, smooth greyish bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and bell-shaped, cup-shaped or hemispherical fruit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Avon Wheatbelt</span> Bioregion in Western Australia

The Avon Wheatbelt is a bioregion in Western Australia. It has an area of 9,517,104 hectares. It is considered part of the larger Southwest Australia savanna ecoregion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jarrah Forest</span> Bioregion in South West Western Australia.

Jarrah Forest, also known as the Southwest Australia woodlands, is an interim Australian bioregion and ecoregion located in the south west of Western Australia. The name of the bioregion refers to the region's dominant plant community, jarrah forest – a tall, open forest in which the dominant overstory tree is jarrah.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western yellow robin</span> Species of songbird native to southern Australia

The western yellow robin is a species of bird in the Australasian robin family, Petroicidae, native to Australia. Described by John Gould in 1838, the western yellow robin and its Australian relatives are not closely related to either the European or American robins, but they appear to be an early offshoot of the Passerida group of songbirds. Ranging between 13.5 and 15.5 cm long, it has grey upperparts, and a grey breast and head, broken by whitish streaks near the bill and below the eye, with a conspicuous yellow belly. The sexes are similar in appearance. Two subspecies are recognized: subspecies griseogularis, which has a yellow rump, and subspecies rosinae with an olive-green rump.

<i>Eucalyptus salmonophloia</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus salmonophloia, commonly known as salmon gum, wurak or weerluk or woonert or marrlinja. is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth bark, narrow lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and thirteen, creamy white flowers and hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus wandoo</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus wandoo, commonly known as wandoo, dooto, warrnt or wornt and sometimes as white gum is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of nine to seventeen, white flowers and conical to cylindrical fruit. It is one of a number of similar Eucalyptus species known as wandoo.

<i>Acacia brachypoda</i> Species of legume

Acacia brachypoda, known colloquially as western wheatbelt wattle or Chinocup wattle, is an endangered species of Acacia restricted to a small locality in western Australia's wheatbelt.

Clackline Nature Reserve is the largest nature reserve in the Shire of Northam. It is located approximately one kilometre (0.62 mi) north of Clackline, in Western Australia's Wheatbelt region. The reserve is extends east to Clackline–Toodyay Road, south to one kilometre (0.62 mi) before Great Eastern Highway, and west to an unnamed road that runs north-west from Refractory Road. In March 2005, the reserve was 693.7 hectares in size, with an additional 45 hectares added in 2008/09. It is listed on the non-statutory Register of the National Estate.

<i>Eucalyptus astringens</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus astringens, commonly known as brown mallet or to Noongar people as mallat, woonert or wurnert, is a tree that is endemic to the South West region of Western Australia. It has smooth, shiny bark on its trunk and branches, lance-shaped leaves, pendulous flower buds arranged in groups of seven, cream-coloured to pale lemon-coloured flowers and cup-shaped to bell-shaped or conical fruit. This tree has also been introduced to Victoria.

<i>Eucalyptus capillosa</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus capillosa, commonly known as wheatbelt wandoo, or mallee wandoo, is a species of tree or mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth, grey bark, lance-shaped to elliptic adult leaves, spindle-shaped flower buds in groups of nine to thirteen, white flowers and barrel-shaped to cylindrical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus gardneri</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus gardneri, commonly known as blue mallet, or woacal, is a species of mallet with flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, creamy yellow or pale lemon-coloured flowers and cylindrical to barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus longicornis</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus longicornis, commonly known as red morrel, morryl, poot or pu, is a species of large tree that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has rough, fibrous, fissured bark on the trunk, smooth greyish bark above, flower buds in groups of seven or more, white flowers and shortened spherical fruit.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Dryandra Woodland Management Plan 1995–2005" (PDF). Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC). 1995. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
  2. ↑ Serventy, Vincent (1970). Dryandra – The Story of an Australian Forest. Sydney: A H & A W Reed. ISBN   0-589-07066-5.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Place ID 9928". Australian Heritage Database . Australian Government . Retrieved 7 January 2007.
  4. 1 2 3 "Noongar Land Noogar Spirit (interview with Cliff Humphries)". Western Australian Forest Alliance. Archived from the original on 30 December 2006. Retrieved 12 January 2007.
  5. ↑ "Dryandra Woodland is Western Australia's newest national park". Government of Western Australia. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  6. ↑ Beard, J.S. (1980) A new phytogeographic map of Western Australia. Western Australian Research Notes 3: 37–58.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dryandra Woodlands self-drive tour radio broadcast Archived 2012-03-01 at the Wayback Machine . Department of Environment and Conservation, Date: 10 January 2007
  8. ↑ "Barna Mia". Naturebase, Department of Environment and Conservation. Archived from the original on 1 September 2007. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
  9. ↑ Mc Arthur W.M., Churchward, H.M. and Hick, P.T. (1977) Landforms and soils of the Murray River catchment area of Western Australia. CSIRO Australia Division Land Resource Management Series No 3 pp 1–23.
  10. ↑ Woinarski, J.; Burbidge, A.A. (2016). "Bettongia penicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T2785A21961347. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2785A21961347.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  11. ↑ "Phascogale calura". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2008. Archived from the original on 22 April 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  12. ↑ "Calyptorhynchus latirostris". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2008. Archived from the original on 17 November 2010. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  13. ↑ "Myrmecobius fasciatus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2008. Archived from the original on 22 April 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  14. ↑ "Dasyurus geoffroii". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2008. Archived from the original on 22 September 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  15. ↑ "Leipoa ocellata". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2008. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  16. ↑ Dobson, John (19 November 2020). "Numbat numbers at WA's Dryandra Woodland grow as feral cat culling program kicks in". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  17. ↑ "Dryandra Woodland Management Plan 1995–2005" (PDF). DEC. pp. 7, Appendix 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2007.
  18. ↑ "Brown Mallet". Department of Agriculture and Food. Archived from the original on 28 August 2006. Retrieved 6 January 2007.
  19. 1 2 3 "Cultural Heritage". Department of Environment and Conservation. Archived from the original on 1 September 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
  20. ↑ Pustkuchen, O.E. (1981). The Way Through – The Story of Narrogin. Perth, Western Australia: Artlook Books Trust. ISBN   0-86445-010-9.
  21. ↑ "Lions Dryandra Village". dryandravillage.org.au. Archived from the original on 7 December 2006. Retrieved 6 January 2007.
  22. ↑ Information sign at Dryandra Woodlands Lions Village
  23. ↑ Judith White. "Urban Ecotourism, Case Study 4 – Dryandra Woodland, Western Australia (p47)" (PDF). Murdoch University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2006. Retrieved 12 January 2007.
  24. ↑ "Sounds of Dryandra Woodland Drive Trail". Naturebase, Department of Environment and Conservation. Archived from the original on 3 September 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
  25. ↑ Gregory T. Chandler, Randall J. Bayer and Michael D. Crisp (2001). "A molecular phylogeny of the endemic Australian genus Gastrolobium ." American Journal of Botany. 88 (9): 1675–1687. doi: 10.2307/3558413 . JSTOR   3558413. PMID   21669702. Archived from the original on 27 September 2006. Retrieved 15 February 2007.
  26. ↑ Dryandra Woodland: information and trail guide. Western Australia Department of Environment and Conservation.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.